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KMEM
Memphis, United States
Runway 18R
Elevation285 ft asl
Weight539,329 lbs
Fuel112,035 lbs
Wind150° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

99.73 %
KOAK
Oakland, United States
Runway 30
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight464,799 lbs
Fuel36,642 lbs
Wind159° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross
31 Oct 2026 3:59 1574 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 75,393 lbs
Departure Score
99.87 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.31 %

What went well

Touchdown 1,193 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 29 ft and 166 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 8.1 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 228 fpm, −0.23 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 228 fpm−0.19
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.04

Next time

Arrival

Nothing to change in the speed, the height or the flare. Keep the landing attitude held until the mains are on, so the aircraft is not let down onto the runway in the last moment.

What happened: The touchdown rate was 228 fpm. Nothing before it explains that: threshold speed and height were within limits and the flare was flown normally.

Watch for: Touchdown rate: a little less than 228 fpm next time

See Arrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 13 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 16 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 16 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 16 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 18R at KMEM Memphis International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kt6 kt min to max 7 kt 6 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Departure Roll 99.35Departure roll runway 18R at KMEM Memphis International Airport. Takeoff distance 6,247 ft 67 % of runway. Rotation speed was 142 kt. Local weather - Temperature 75 °F. Wind 3 kt at 149 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 6,247 ft67 % of runway
97 % Rotation speed was 142 ktTarget 157 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.7 ft left3.7 ft left to 0.0 ft left 2.6 0.2 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° -0.3 7.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.1 1.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18R KMEM Memphis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 177 kt173 kt min to max 180 kt 173 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.4 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.04 g min to max 1.14 g 1.04 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 598 fpm123 fpm min to max 1,207 fpm 123 1,207 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °7.6 ° min to max 10.9 ° 7.6 10.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18R KMEM Memphis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 181 kt180 kt min to max 182 kt 180 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.00 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,681 fpm1,221 fpm min to max 2,830 fpm 1,221 2,830 fpm
Info Average altitude 74 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 336 ft agl 25 336 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °10.9 ° min to max 14.4 ° 10.9 14.4 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 121 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 155 ft agl · 184 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 18R KMEM Memphis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 182 kt182 kt min to max 183 ktTarget 193 kt, 11 kt slow 182 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up at 63 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average VSI 3,092 fpm2,891 fpm min to max 3,212 fpm 2,891 3,212 fpm
Info Average altitude 657 ft agl382 ft agl min to max 945 ft agl 382 945 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.0 °14.6 ° min to max 15.2 ° 14.6 15.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Southaven (Mississippi, United States). Climbing from 1,343 ft asl to 28,000 ft asl, an increase of 26,657 ft in 14 minutes and covering 88 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 267 kt181 kt min to max 327 kt 182 327 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 22.5 ° 1.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,960 fpm-18 fpm min to max 3,309 fpm 3,232 -9 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,207 ft asl1,343 ft asl min to max 28,001 ft asl 1,343 28,000 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °2.2 ° min to max 15.3 ° 15.3 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 3-12 min to max 30 4 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 6,897 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 1,581 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,631 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5,766 ft agl · 262 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,071 ft agl · 316 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles west of Bald Knob (Arkansas, United States) and lasted 23 minutes, covering 191 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,900 ft of 27,999 ft asl27,992 ft asl min to max 28,006 ft asl 27,999 27,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 337 kt329 kt min to max 339 kt 329 338 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 10 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.9 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 2.0 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Inola (Oklahoma, United States). Climbing from 27,998 ft asl to 31,663 ft asl, an increase of 3,665 ft in 3 minutes and covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 327 kt312 kt min to max 338 kt 338 312 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,133 fpm-4 fpm min to max 1,410 fpm 4 1,241 fpm
Info Average altitude 29,577 ft asl27,998 ft asl min to max 31,663 ft asl 27,998 31,663 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.0 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 6 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of KTUY Turley Airport Turley (Oklahoma, United States) and lasted 33 minutes, covering 265 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,093 ft of 31,997 ft asl31,864 ft asl min to max 32,014 ft asl 31,864 31,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 309 kt308 kt min to max 311 kt 311 309 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.02 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-17 min to max 7 5 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °2.3 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.4 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 4 miles south west of KHQG Hugoton Municipal Airport Hugoton (Kansas, United States). Climbing from 32,030 ft asl to 33,433 ft asl, an increase of 1,403 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 304 kt299 kt min to max 309 kt 309 299 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 918 fpm797 fpm min to max 1,000 fpm 949 797 fpm
Info Average altitude 32,759 ft asl32,030 ft asl min to max 33,433 ft asl 32,030 33,433 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.5 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.7 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 2 0 0
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north west of Rolla (Kansas, United States) and lasted 125 minutes, covering 889 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,178 ft of 33,997 ft asl33,556 ft asl min to max 34,021 ft asl 33,556 33,787 ft asl
100 % Average speed 295 kt260 kt min to max 298 kt 298 260 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 13.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 0-14 min to max 13 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.5 2.0 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles west of 45CN Hermitage Airport Groveland (California, United States). Descent from 33,640 ft asl to 19,087 ft asl, a decrease of 14,553 ft in 6 minutes and covering 38 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 273 kt259 kt min to max 284 kt 261 259 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.72 g min to max 1.12 g 0.95 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -2,187 fpm-3,468 fpm min to max -557 fpm -1,327 -803 fpm
Info Average altitude 26,320 ft asl19,087 ft asl min to max 33,640 ft asl 33,640 19,087 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-2.1 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.2 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 1-27 min to max 38 3 -2
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of Del Rio (California, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,449 ft of 18,810 ft asl18,632 ft asl min to max 18,974 ft asl 18,974 18,632 ft asl
100 % Average speed 260 kt259 kt min to max 260 kt 260 260 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 0-2 min to max 1 1 -1
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.5 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.5 2.5 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles south of Manteca (California, United States). Descent from 18,481 ft asl to 1,262 ft asl, a decrease of 17,219 ft in 11 minutes and covering 46 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 207 kt166 kt min to max 273 kt 263 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 21.2 ° 0.1 0.8 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.01 g0.68 g min to max 1.18 g 0.88 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,360 fpm-4,319 fpm min to max 56 fpm -2,722 -820 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,683 ft asl1,262 ft asl min to max 18,481 ft asl 18,481 1,262 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-6.6 ° min to max 4.8 ° -1.8 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 2-22 min to max 28 0 5

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 9,314 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,525 ft agl · 284 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 6,084 ft agl · 274 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,078 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,062 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,018 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 1,877 ft agl · 183 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport. Descent from 1,300 ft agl to 57 ft agl in 82 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 987 ft agl · 169 kt
Arrival Landing 99.45Landing on runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport, runway length 10,398 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 167 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 167 kt. Target 161 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
98 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 10.8 ft right9.4 ft right to 10.8 ft right -10.7 -9.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.02 g min to max 1.11 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average speed 165 kt162 kt min to max 167 kt 167 162 kt
Info Average VSI -418 fpm-730 fpm min to max -207 fpm -730 -207 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 29 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °4.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.2 6.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 987 ft agl · 169 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 30 ft agl · 165 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 97.09Touchdown distance was good at 1,193 ft. Touchdown speed at 162 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -228 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 4 kt at 160 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Touchdown rate was -228 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,193 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 162 ktTarget below 158 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 9.4 ft right8.8 ft right -9.4 -8.1 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
99 % Average g force 1.10 g1.02 g min to max 1.27 g 1.03 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 162 kt161 kt min to max 162 kt 162 161 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °6.4 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.4 6.7 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 6,146 ft, 59 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 6,146 ft59 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.0 ft right0.0 ft left to 4.0 ft right -1.9 -2.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average speed 126 kt84 kt min to max 166 kt 166 84 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-0.2 ° min to max 7.1 ° 6.8 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 44 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 47 kt8 kt min to max 84 kt 84 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 7 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt2 kt min to max 25 kt 11 2 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 5 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 142 kt, 15 kt below the 157 kt target, and lifted off at 172 kt 9.1 s later, the nose coming up at 0.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 182 kt, 11 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1577.6° off · 0.8°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 10 kt -0.3° 0 s
80 kt1,057 ft 80 kt -0.3° 17.9 s
Rotate3,512 ft · target 157 142 kt 0.2° 30.9 s
Liftoff5,962 ft · +30 kt from rotation 172 kt 7.6° 40.0 s
35 ft7,432 ft · 4.9 s after liftoff 181 kt 11.5° 44.9 s
Gear up7,847 ft · 63 ft · full marks to 400 ft 182 kt 12.5° 46.3 s
Climb 310,292 ft · 382 ft to 946 ft · target 193 182 kt avg 14.6° 54.6 s
End of Climb 313,630 ft · 946 ft 182 kt 15.2° 66 s

Takeoff from KMEM 18R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
6,247ft67 %
Rotation speed96.73
142kttarget 157, 15 slow
Liftoff speed
172kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.7ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
63ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
182kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
597fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 946 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,576 ft of runway left; gear up at 63 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,190 fpm on average to 946 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3182 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 142 kttarget 157Liftoff 172 ktGear up 63 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 9,320 ft runway.

Rolled from 312 ft in, never more than 4 ft off the centreline. Airborne 67 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 3.8 ft LROLL 312 FT INAirborne 6,274 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 6,274 ft of 9,320 ft · 67 %
Behind the start of the roll, 312 ftTakeoff roll, 5,962 ft Left ahead, 3,046 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate900 fpm860 fpm
On glideslope3.0°2.9°
On centreline0.0° off0.6° off
On speed+5.3 kt+4.3 kt
Wings level1° bank1° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KOAK 30

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2726663461941,000 ft gate7 of 71,033 ft · 166 kt500 ft gate7 of 7521 ft · 165 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 13× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 100 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR250 ft L0250 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND86 ft R75 ft R72 ft R27 ft R8 ft R99 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 40 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +4 kt and +6 kt on the approach speed of 161 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 161+5 kt+5 kt+5 kt+6 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KOAK 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
29ft
Threshold speed100.00
166kttarget 161, 5 fast
Centreline offset100.00
10.8ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,193ft
Centreline100.00
9.4ft R
Speed100.00
162kttarget 158, 4 fast
Touchdown rate85.73
-228fpm
Impact98.86
1.27G
BouncesOk
None
The flare97.80

Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.2 points, partly for taking only 392 fpm of the sink out.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 159° at 4 kt · 4 kt tail · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 6,353 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 22 ft. Touched down 1,193 ft in, 193 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 6,353 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

29 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 22 ft · −604 fpm · 4.9° · 166 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −234 fpm · 6.4°−228 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 162 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 29 ft, down at 1,193 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 600 fpm at the flare to 230 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−228 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown, +1.5° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 6,353 ft of the 10,398 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 8 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 9 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,193 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,193 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 5,953 ft of 10,398 ft · 57 %
In the air over the runway, 1,193 ftRollout, 4,760 ft Left over, 4,445 ft
Rollout distance100.00
4,760ft57 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.0ft R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 18R at KMEM for 13 minutes, covering 3 nm, and then departed on runway 18R. Takeoff used 6,247 ft, 67 % of the runway, with rotation at 142 kt. Local weather was 75 °F, wind 3 kt from 149°, crosswind 1 kt, headwind 3 kt.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 24 seconds, averaging 2,147 fpm and reaching 182 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,343 ft asl to 28,000 ft asl in 14 minutes, covering 88 nm, beginning 1 mile north-east of Southaven. Level flight at 28,000 ft asl lasted 23 minutes, covering 191 nm, beginning 4 miles west of Bald Knob. A further climb from 27,998 ft asl to 31,663 ft asl took 3 minutes, covering 26 nm, beginning 1 mile south-east of Inola. Level flight between 32,000 ft asl and 34,000 ft asl continued for 160 minutes, covering 1,165 nm, beginning 1 mile north-west of KTUY Turley Airport.

Descent from 33,640 ft asl to 1,262 ft asl took 19 minutes, covering 92 nm, beginning 2 miles west of 45CN Hermitage Airport, with a brief level-off at 18,800 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 30 at KOAK began at 1,300 ft agl and descended to 57 ft agl in 82 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, wings level. Configuration on final was gear down at 2,078 ft agl, 193 kt; final flap position 6 at 1,877 ft agl, 183 kt.

Landing on runway 30 (runway length 10,398 ft) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 167 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 1,193 ft down the runway at 162 kt, a little fast, with a fair touchdown rate of minus 228 fpm and very good runway alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 6,146 ft, 59 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.

Local weather at KOAK was 61 °F, wind 4 kt from 160°, crosswind 2 kt, tailwind 3 kt. After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for 6 minutes, covering 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 1,574 nm in 239 minutes and used 75,393 lb of fuel.

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