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LIEO
Olbia (SS), Italy
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight62,724 kg
Fuel4,518 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

93.84 %
LIMP
Parma (PR), Italy
Runway 20
Elevation151 ft asl
Weight61,752 kg
Fuel3,534 kg
Wind269° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
6 Nov 2026 0:56 305 nm Airbus A320neo 984 kg
Departure Score
90.30 %
Enroute Score
99.14 %
Arrival Score
92.08 %

What went well

Touchdown 250 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 54 ft and 152 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 0.68 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 252 kt against 170 kt at 4 %, −3.23 points
Firm touchdown — 814 fpm, −2.16 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 814 fpm−1.33
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.66
  • Arrival Touchdown · 2.17 G at contact−0.17
Arrival Approach — GPWS warning; 1,000 ft gate 100 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.48 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 82 kt fast at 252 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.5 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 8 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 8 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport. Takeoff distance 1,381 m 57 % of runway. Rotation speed was 139 kt. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,381 m57 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 139 ktTarget 144 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.47 m right0.00 m left to 1.47 m right -1.47 -0.94 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 5.9 ° -0.1 5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 169 kt153 kt min to max 186 kt 153 186 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 0.98 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 477 fpm210 fpm min to max 664 fpm 210 664 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °4.7 ° min to max 6.6 ° 5.9 5.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 14 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 20 ft agl · 168 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 198 kt186 kt min to max 249 kt 186 249 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.77 g min to max 1.21 g 1.07 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 964 fpm364 fpm min to max 2,227 fpm 677 1,033 fpm
Info Average altitude 144 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 434 ft agl 42 434 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °5.2 ° min to max 8.9 ° 5.6 6.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 61 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 61 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 206 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 206 ft agl · 198 kt
Departure Climb 3 61.21Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
4 % Climb speed 252 kt247 kt min to max 255 ktTarget 170 kt, 82 kt fast 254 247 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 20.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.8 ° 0.2 20.8 °
95 % Average g force 1.10 g0.92 g min to max 1.49 g 0.99 0.92 g
100 % Landing gear up at 132 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 0.0 °
Info Average VSI 2,341 fpm1,450 fpm min to max 4,365 fpm 1,527 4,365 fpm
Info Average altitude 673 ft agl479 ft agl min to max 977 ft agl 479 977 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °5.4 ° min to max 14.0 ° 5.8 11.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 601 ft agl · 254 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 601 ft agl · 254 kt
Enroute Climb 99.80Enroute climb started 2 miles north west of Loiri Porto San Paolo (Sardegna, Italy). Climbing from 1,088 ft asl to 17,952 ft asl, an increase of 16,864 ft in 8 minutes and covering 38 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 249 kt242 kt min to max 254 kt 245 250 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 28.9 °0.0 ° min to max 28.9 ° 23.0 1.3 °
98 % Average g force 1.06 g0.24 g min to max 1.71 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,182 fpm-281 fpm min to max 5,332 fpm 4,211 48 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,627 ft asl1,088 ft asl min to max 17,952 ft asl 1,088 17,952 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °-1.5 ° min to max 16.7 ° 12.1 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 1-22 min to max 10 9 -1
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north east of Porto Cervo (Sardegna, Italy) and lasted 27 minutes, covering 173 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,398 ft of 18,001 ft asl17,960 ft asl min to max 18,040 ft asl 17,960 17,996 ft asl
100 % Average speed 290 kt250 kt min to max 325 kt 251 323 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.0 ° 0.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 3 -1 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.0 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.1 0.0 °
Enroute Descent 99.72Enroute descent started 2 miles north east of Lamporecchio (Toscana, Italy). Descent from 17,996 ft asl to 6,574 ft asl, a decrease of 11,422 ft in 5 minutes and covering 30 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 323 kt270 kt min to max 330 kt 322 270 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.3 ° 0.3 0.7 °
97 % Average g force 1.04 g0.21 g min to max 1.35 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -3,449 fpm-4,055 fpm min to max 18 fpm -4 -418 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,457 ft asl6,574 ft asl min to max 17,997 ft asl 17,996 6,574 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-6.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 20 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,385 ft agl
Enroute Level 2 98.67Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Lama (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 8 minutes, covering 37 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±825 ft of 6,050 ft asl5,600 ft asl min to max 6,506 ft asl 6,506 5,600 ft asl
93 % Average speed 250 kt247 kt min to max 258 kt 258 256 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-1.9 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.6 -1.6 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 6,506 ft agl
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,997 ft agl
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 5,636 ft agl · 273 kt
Enroute Descent 2 97.50Enroute descent started overhead LIMP Parma Airport Parma (PR) (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 5,234 ft asl to 1,552 ft asl, a decrease of 3,683 ft in 5 minutes and covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Average speed 225 kt156 kt min to max 258 kt 255 157 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.7 °0.0 ° min to max 26.7 ° 0.7 1.0 °
99.99 % Average g force 1.05 g0.85 g min to max 1.32 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -562 fpm-2,004 fpm min to max 231 fpm -1,990 -821 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,667 ft asl1,552 ft asl min to max 5,234 ft asl 5,234 1,552 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-1.7 ° min to max 3.4 ° -1.6 1.5 °
Info Turn coordination 1-3 min to max 9 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,699 ft agl
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 2,184 ft agl · 254 kt
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 2,218 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,240 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,240 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,199 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 2,217 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 2,212 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,215 ft agl · 207 kt
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 20 at LIMP Parma Airport. Descent from 1,429 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 89 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
50 % On centrelinefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 984 ft agl · 161 kt
Arrival Landing 90.07Landing on runway 20 at LIMP Parma Airport, runway length 1,549 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 153 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 153 kt. Target 143 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
60 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 250 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.94 m right0.45 m left to 1.94 m right -1.94 0.45 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.8 °0.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.6 °
100 % Peak g force 1.08 g1.00 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average speed 151 kt150 kt min to max 153 kt 153 150 kt
Info Average VSI -937 fpm-1,010 fpm min to max -798 fpm -1,010 -798 fpm
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 54 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.7 3.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 984 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 37 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 37 ft agl · 152 kt
07515022530037545052501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 77.47Touchdown distance was good at 250 m. Touchdown speed at 150 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -814 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -814 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 250 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 150 ktTarget below 143 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.68 m left0.58 m left 0.45 0.68 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.6 °
49 % Peak g force 2.17 g1.06 g min to max 2.17 g 1.06 1.22 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 149 kt148 kt min to max 150 kt 150 148 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.3 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.7 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 984 ft agl · 161 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 9 ft agl · 150 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 882 m, 57 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 882 m57 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.34 m right0.00 m left to 0.34 m right -0.05 -0.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.02 g
Info Average speed 112 kt75 kt min to max 148 kt 148 75 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.9 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 9 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 9 ft agl · 142 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 41 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 40 kt8 kt min to max 75 kt 75 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.3 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 8 ft agl · 52 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 8 ft agl · 10 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 10 kt 10 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.9 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 8 ft agl

Takeoff from LIEO 23

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,381m57 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.47m R
Rotation speed100.00
139kttarget 144, 5 early

The nose wandered in the climb

From 35 ft to the end of the climb the nose moved between 5.2° and 14.0°, and the speed between 183 kt and 255 kt.

Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
152ktat 5.9°
Rotation
2.3°/sover 2.5 s, gaining 13 kt
35 ft
183ktat 5.2°, 5.7 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
1.0°steepest
Gear up100.00
132ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed4.24
252kttarget 170

Plan view the roll down the 2,441 m runway.

Rolled from 389 m in, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 56 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.37 m RROLL 389 M INAirborne 1,384 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,384 m of 2,441 m · 57 %
Behind the start of the roll, 389 mTakeoff roll, 995 m Left ahead, 1,057 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 978 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 559 m of runway left; gear up at 132 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,340 fpm on average to 978 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3252 kt avgtarget 170THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 187 m · 2.5 sRotate 139 kttarget 144Liftoff 152 ktGear up 132 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES3.8 km past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 170270 kt18090020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 187 m · 2.5 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 144held 7.0°5.9° off · 2.3°/s5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.0 to 3.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320neo pilots over the last 180 days (154 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s2.0°/s3°/s3.0°/sTAIL STRIKE 11.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT5.9° off · 2.3°/s5° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.0 to 3.0°/s, other Airbus A320neo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate870 fpm900 fpm
On glideslope3.3°3.4°
On centreline0.7° off1.1° off
On speed+16 kt+13 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 2.0 nm, then not again: right of the centreline from 2.0 nm and fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIMP 20

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 90 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,4077684202451,000 ft gate7 of 71,139 ft · 159 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline618 ft · 156 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 2.0 nm, then 66 m right of it from 2.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR180 m L0180 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND59 m R66 m R40 m R21 m R72 m R57 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +16 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 143+14 kt+14 kt+15 kt+16 kt+10 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIMP 20

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
54ft
Threshold speed100.00
152kttarget 143, 9 fast
Centreline offset100.00
1.94m R
Bank100.00
0.8°steepest
Flare60.28

The flare strayed well off the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 250 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
250m
Centreline100.00
0.68m L
Speed100.00
149kttarget 143, 6 fast
Touchdown rate0.00
-814fpm
Impact49.40
2.17G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.6°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
584m54 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.34m R

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
10kt peak

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 54 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 24 ft. Touched down 250 m in, 55 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

54 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 24 ft · −911 fpm · 3° · 151 ktdescent slowed at 21 ft · −775 fpm · 3.1°−813 fpm · 3.2° nose up · 150 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 54 ft, down at 250 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink stayed between 780 fpm and 970 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed. Into the flare at 151 kt, 8 kt over the 143 kt approach speed, and 150 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,5000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−813 fpm at touchdown3.2° at touchdown, +0.2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,549 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 0.7 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 269° at 1 kt · 0 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 250 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 250 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 2.17 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 834 m of 1,549 m · 54 %
In the air over the runway, 250 mRollout, 584 m Left over, 715 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 150 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 17 s, an average deceleration of 0.36 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 695 m30 kt · 810 mtouchdown842 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320neo departed from runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport. Rotation was achieved at 139 kt and the take-off run was 1,381 m, representing 57 % of the runway. Local weather was 17 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt head-wind and a 1 kt cross-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 42 seconds, averaging 1,321 fpm and reaching 247 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 1,088 ft asl to 17,952 ft asl in 8 minutes, covering 38 nm while passing 2 nm north-west of Loiri Porto San Paolo. Cruise was held at 18,000 ft asl for 27 minutes, covering 173 nm, beginning 4 nm north-east of Porto Cervo.

Descent began from 17,996 ft asl to 6,574 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 30 nm, starting 2 nm north-east of Lamporecchio. Level flight continued at 6,100 ft asl for 8 minutes, covering 37 nm, beginning 1 nm east of Lama. A further descent from 5,234 ft asl to 1,552 ft asl took 5 minutes over 19 nm, starting overhead LIMP Parma Airport.

Final approach to runway 20 at LIMP Parma Airport descended from 1,429 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 89 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, speed and wings level; the centreline check was not met at one gate. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,240 ft agl, 264 kt; final flap position 3 at 2,215 ft agl, 207 kt.

Landing on runway 20 occurred with a good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 153 kt. The flare was poor, with little round-out, and touchdown speed was 150 kt, a little fast. Touchdown distance was good at 250 m, but the vertical rate was very heavy at minus 814 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect, with no bounce. Total landing distance was 882 m, 57 % of the runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect.

Local weather at landing was 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a 0 kt head-wind and a 1 kt cross-wind. Taxiing from the runway to the parking area took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 305 nm in 56 minutes and used 984 kg of fuel.

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