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KTTN
Ewing Township, United States
Runway 06
Elevation157 ft asl
Weight6,998 kg
Fuel1,906 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

98.17 %
KJAX
Jacksonville, United States
Runway 08
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight5,808 kg
Fuel702 kg
Wind150° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross
19 Sep 2026 1:48 715 nm Learjet 35 1,204 kg
Departure Score
97.10 %
Enroute Score
99.89 %
Arrival Score
97.53 %

What went well

Touchdown 475 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 30 ft and 125 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 0.56 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 324 fpm, −0.82 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 324 fpm−0.42
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.37
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.41 G at contact−0.03
Departure Roll — Takeoff Bounce at 60 %, −0.54 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 27.2 ° at 89 %, climb speed 218 kt against 187 kt at 90 %, −0.42 points

Next time

Departure

Ease back pressure in smoothly as you approach 114 kt, holding a steady rotation rate rather than snatching the controls.

What happened: On the takeoff roll the aircraft bounced before becoming fully airborne.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: a smooth, continuous pitch-up through liftoff with no secondary bounce.

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 20 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.3 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.5 0.8 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 21 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport, Average speed was 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt10 kt min to max 11 kt 11 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Departure Roll 91.85Departure roll runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport. Takeoff distance 1,132 m 62 % of runway. Rotation speed was 103 kt. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,132 m62 % of runway
99 % Rotation speed was 103 ktTarget 114 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.53 m right0.09 m left to 0.53 m right -0.24 -0.09 m
99.8 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 1.04 g
60 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-1.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° -0.3 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 06 KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 169 kt159 kt min to max 178 kt 159 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.05 g min to max 1.20 g 1.05 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 810 fpm476 fpm min to max 1,133 fpm 476 1,133 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 3 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °5.7 ° min to max 8.3 ° 5.7 8.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 40 ft agl · 180 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 06 KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 185 kt178 kt min to max 205 kt 178 205 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.6 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 1,598 fpm1,157 fpm min to max 2,777 fpm 1,157 2,777 fpm
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 332 ft agl 37 332 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °8.0 ° min to max 10.0 ° 8.4 9.7 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 60 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 60 ft agl · 185 kt
Departure Climb 3 93.66Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 06 KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Climb speed 218 kt208 kt min to max 227 ktTarget 187 kt, 31 kt fast 208 227 kt
89 % Average bank angle 18.1 °2.7 ° min to max 27.2 ° 2.7 27.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.01 g min to max 1.11 g 1.03 1.11 g
100 % Landing gear up at 24 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.8 °-2.0 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -2.0 °
Info Average VSI 3,209 fpm2,886 fpm min to max 3,453 fpm 2,886 3,453 fpm
Info Average altitude 614 ft agl379 ft agl min to max 860 ft agl 379 860 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °9.8 ° min to max 9.9 ° 9.8 9.9 °
Enroute Climb 99.97Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Ewing (New Jersey, United States). Climbing from 1,171 ft asl to 24,603 ft asl, an increase of 23,432 ft in 10 minutes and covering 66 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 276 kt230 kt min to max 336 kt 230 336 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.1 °0.0 ° min to max 27.8 ° 27.7 0.3 °
99.7 % Average g force 1.03 g0.63 g min to max 1.58 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 3,299 fpm311 fpm min to max 6,654 fpm 3,538 345 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,264 ft asl1,171 ft asl min to max 24,603 ft asl 1,171 24,603 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °-0.0 ° min to max 15.2 ° 9.9 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 1,722 ft agl · 256 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,931 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 7,770 ft agl · 278 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 7,770 ft agl · 278 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 9,971 ft agl · 288 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 10,480 ft agl · 291 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 10,480 ft agl · 291 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 13,983 ft agl · 351 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 14,720 ft agl · 361 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 15,123 ft agl · 366 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 18,514 ft agl · 448 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 18,514 ft agl · 448 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of NJ07 Newport Meadows Seaplane Base Canton Lower Alloway Creek (New Jersey, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,733 ft of 24,773 ft asl24,654 ft asl min to max 24,852 ft asl 24,654 24,852 ft asl
100 % Average speed 336 kt336 kt min to max 336 kt 336 336 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.3 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead 0N4 Chandelle Airport Dover (Delaware, United States). Climbing from 24,866 ft asl to 33,995 ft asl, an increase of 9,129 ft in 11 minutes and covering 88 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 298 kt277 kt min to max 335 kt 335 280 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.1 °0.0 ° min to max 25.6 ° 0.1 21.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.91 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 744 fpm-64 fpm min to max 997 fpm 496 -64 fpm
Info Average altitude 30,586 ft asl24,866 ft asl min to max 33,996 ft asl 24,866 33,995 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 28,830 ft agl · 484 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 28,830 ft agl · 484 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 28,976 ft agl · 484 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 33,100 ft agl · 474 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 33,100 ft agl · 474 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 33,127 ft agl · 474 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 33,140 ft agl · 474 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 33,140 ft agl · 474 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 33,747 ft agl · 472 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 33,747 ft agl · 472 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 33,837 ft agl · 472 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 33,837 ft agl · 472 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 33,953 ft agl · 477 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 33,953 ft agl · 477 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles north west of Tangier (Virginia, United States) and lasted 50 minutes, covering 391 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,200 ft of 33,995 ft asl33,986 ft asl min to max 34,007 ft asl 33,993 34,003 ft asl
100 % Average speed 281 kt280 kt min to max 281 kt 280 281 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 24.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles south west of SC15 Airy Hall Airport Green Pond (South Carolina, United States). Descent from 34,004 ft asl to 1,903 ft asl, a decrease of 32,101 ft in 23 minutes and covering 140 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 270 kt244 kt min to max 316 kt 281 248 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.8 ° 0.0 13.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,341 fpm-2,027 fpm min to max 14 fpm 0 -31 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,211 ft asl1,903 ft asl min to max 34,004 ft asl 34,004 1,903 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-3.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 34,024 ft agl · 480 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 34,032 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 34,023 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 34,023 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 34,006 ft agl · 467 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 34,006 ft agl · 467 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 33,459 ft agl · 463 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 33,459 ft agl · 463 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,998 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,998 ft agl · 264 kt
Enroute Level 3 99.39Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north east of Callahan (Florida, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Altitude held within ±595 ft of 1,771 ft asl1,086 ft asl min to max 1,902 ft asl 1,902 1,086 ft asl
100 % Average speed 223 kt179 kt min to max 248 kt 248 179 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.0 ° min to max 23.8 ° 10.4 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.79 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-2.2 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.4 -1.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,868 ft agl · 244 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,868 ft agl · 244 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 1,868 ft agl · 244 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 1,868 ft agl · 244 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,875 ft agl · 233 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,851 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,851 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 1,851 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,750 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,587 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,587 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,137 ft agl · 199 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 08 at KJAX Jacksonville International Airport. Descent from 1,330 ft agl to 38 ft agl in 94 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 387 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,137 ft agl · 199 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 849 ft agl · 167 kt
Arrival Landing 94.41Landing on runway 08 at KJAX Jacksonville International Airport, runway length 3,039 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 126 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 126 kt. Target 119 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
78 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 475 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.19 m right0.01 m right to 1.19 m right -0.01 -0.57 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average speed 122 kt115 kt min to max 126 kt 126 115 kt
Info Average VSI -229 fpm-349 fpm min to max -132 fpm -349 -190 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 30 ft agl 30 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °4.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 4.0 5.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 387 ft agl · 131 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 18 ft agl · 127 kt
07515022530037545052501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.22Touchdown point was 55 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 115 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -324 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 27 °C. Wind 2 kt at 150 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
68 % Touchdown rate was -324 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 475 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 115 ktTarget below 118 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.63 m right0.59 m right -0.57 -0.56 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
91 % Average g force 1.09 g0.95 g min to max 1.41 g 0.99 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 115 kt114 kt min to max 115 kt 115 114 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °3.3 ° min to max 5.2 ° 5.2 3.6 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,385 m, 46 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,385 m46 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.65 m right0.46 m left to 0.65 m right -0.25 0.16 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Average speed 104 kt60 kt min to max 115 kt 115 60 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.8 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 27 kt10 kt min to max 58 kt 58 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 27 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt2 kt min to max 16 kt 7 3 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.8 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.2 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 103 kt, 11 kt below the 114 kt target, and lifted off at 158 kt 7.2 s later, the nose coming up at 0.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 218 kt, 31 kt over its 187 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 187240 kt16080020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1144.7° off · 0.7°/s8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 9 kt -0.3° 0 s
80 kt281 m 80 kt -0.8° 14.4 s
Rotate444 m · target 114 103 kt -0.1° 17.6 s
Liftoff931 m · +55 kt from rotation 158 kt 4.7° 24.9 s
Gear up1,385 m · 24 ft · full marks to 400 ft 175 kt 7.6° 30.1 s
35 ft1,447 m · 5.9 s after liftoff 178 kt 8.3° 30.8 s
Climb 32,411 m · 380 ft to 860 ft · target 187 218 kt avg 9.8° 40.5 s
End of Climb 33,442 m · 860 ft 227 kt 9.9° 50.1 s

Takeoff from KTTN 06

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,132m62 %
Rotation speed99.35
103kttarget 114, 11 slow
Liftoff speed
158kt
Runway alignment100.00
0.53m R
Bounce on takeoff60.00
Yes
Gear up100.00
24ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed89.71
218kttarget 187
Rate of climb100.00
810fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 860 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 334 m of runway left; gear up at 24 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,050 fpm on average to 860 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3218 kt avgtarget 187THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 103 kttarget 114Liftoff 158 ktGear up 24 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,830 m runway.

Rolled from 50 m in, never more than 0.6 m off the centreline. Airborne 53 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 0.59 m RROLL 50 M INAirborne 980 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 980 m of 1,830 m · 54 %
Behind the start of the roll, 50 mTakeoff roll, 931 m Left ahead, 850 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate740 fpm
On glideslope2.9°
On centreline0.1° off
On speed+11 kt
Wings level0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 2.0 to 0.5 nm, then not again: low from 0.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KJAX 08

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.5 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 70 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3231,005677301138500 ft gate7 of 7537 ft · 130 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 263 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND263 m L0 m R8 m L3 m L1 m L5 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 2.0 nm (up to +78 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 119+78 kt+55 kt+20 kt+10 kt+11 kt+7 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KJAX 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
30ft
Threshold speed100.00
125kttarget 119, 6 fast
Centreline offset100.00
1.19m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
475m
Centreline100.00
0.63m R
Speed100.00
115kttarget 118 or less
Touchdown rate68.40
-324fpm
Impact90.86
1.41G
BouncesOk
None
The flare77.64

The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 475 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 150° at 3 kt · 0 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 117 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 36 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 913 m30 kt · 1,249 mtouchdown1,299 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 30 ft, 20 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 18 ft. Touched down 475 m in, 170 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

30 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 18 ft · −327 fpm · 4.6° · 125 ktdescent slowed at 10 ft · −82 fpm · 5.7°−323 fpm · 5.2° nose up · 115 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 30 ft, down at 475 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 330 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at 10 ft, then back up to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−323 fpm at touchdown5.2° at touchdown, +0.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,039 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 0.6 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 475 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 475 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 323 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,349 m of 3,039 m · 44 %
In the air over the runway, 475 mRollout, 874 m Left over, 1,689 m
Rollout distance100.00
874m44 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.65m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Learjet 35 taxied from the parking area to the departure runway in six minutes, covering a distance of 1 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport, the aircraft used 1,132 m of runway, representing 62 % of the available length, and lifted off at 158 kt. Ambient conditions were 28 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 1 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt tail-wind component.

The initial climb commenced one mile north of Ewing, New Jersey, climbing from 1,171 ft asl to 24,603 ft asl, an altitude gain of 23,432 ft achieved in ten minutes while covering 66 nm.

A brief level cruise followed one mile south of NJ07 Newport Meadows Seaplane Base, lasting two minutes and extending the flight by 12 nm.

A second climb began overhead 0N4 Chandelle Airport, Dover, Delaware, ascending from 24,866 ft asl to 33,995 ft asl, a gain of 9,129 ft in eleven minutes and traversing 88 nm.

The aircraft then entered a longer level cruise six miles northwest of Tangier, Virginia, which persisted for fifty minutes and added 391 nm to the route.

Descent operations started five miles southwest of SC15 Airy Hall Airport, Green Pond, South Carolina, descending from 34,004 ft asl to 1,903 ft asl, a loss of 32,101 ft in twenty-three minutes while covering 140 nm.

A short level segment followed four miles northeast of Callahan, Florida, lasting three minutes and contributing an additional 10 nm.

Final approach to runway 08 at KJAX Jacksonville International Airport reduced altitude from 1,330 ft agl to 38 ft agl in ninety-four seconds, with the aircraft scoring on the stabilisation gates.

Landing on runway 08 was executed with a runway length of 3,039 m; the threshold speed was 126 kt, touchdown occurred 53 m beyond the touchdown zone at 115 kt, and the vertical speed at touchdown was minus 190 fpm. Weather at the time was 27 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 150°, a 2 kt cross-wind and no head-wind component.

Runway rollout covered a distance of 1,385 m, representing 46 % of the runway, and alignment during rollout was perfect.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in two minutes, traveling less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 715 nm, lasted 108 minutes, and consumed 1,204 kg of fuel.

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