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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 173 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 27 kt fast at 200 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 173 kt in the climb
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on the approach so you are back at 111 kt by the stabilisation gate, before the excess speed carries forward.
What happened: This flight was fast at the gate at 138 kt, carried that excess energy into a high, fast crossing of the threshold, and that combination usually carries the touchdown long, as it did here with the touchdown point at 1,084 m.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 111 kt at the stabilisation gate.
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 20 stages, 18 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 118 kt, 7 kt below the 125 kt target, and lifted off at 139 kt 3.8 s later, the nose coming up at 1.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 200 kt, 27 kt over its 173 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 932 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,907 m of runway left; gear up at 155 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,040 fpm on average to 932 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,702 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 3.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 23 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 17 kt above the approach speed of 111 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way, low until 2.9 nm, left of the centreline from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Low from 4 nm to 2.9 nm (up to 490 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 947 m left of the centreline, then inside it from 2.3 to 1.0 nm, then 38 m left of it from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 28 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to the threshold (up to +35 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare tracked the target profile closely. Crossing the threshold 32 kt above target, the aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 1,084 m past the threshold. The flare cannot burn off excess energy - fix the approach speed and the float goes with it.
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 119 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, wings level.
Wind 180° at 3 kt · 1 kt tail · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 119 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 22 s, an average deceleration of 0.23 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,918 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 63 ft, 13 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 39 ft. Touched down 1,084 m in, 779 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,918 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 750 fpm at the flare to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,918 m of the 2,201 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 9.6 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.2 m right by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 1,084 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 320 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Hawker H25B taxied from the parking area to the runway in 5 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Take-off was from runway 09 at EGNX East Midlands Airport. The aircraft used 617 m of runway, 23 % of the available length, and rotated at 118 kt. Local weather was 13 °C with wind 7 kt from 120°, giving a 4 kt crosswind and a 6 kt headwind.
Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 25 seconds, averaging 1 908 fpm and reaching 229 kt at the top of the climb.
The climb continued from 1 282 ft asl to 21 525 ft asl in 11 minutes, covering 57 nm, beginning overhead Kegworth with a brief level-off at 6 300 ft asl.
Level flight was held at 21 500 ft asl for 5 minutes, covering 31 nm, starting 2 miles south-west of Ripponden.
Descent from 21 514 ft asl to 470 ft asl took 14 minutes, covering 59 nm, beginning 4 miles north-west of Pateley Bridge with a brief level-off at 2 000 ft asl.
A climb from 448 ft asl to 1 783 ft asl lasted 2 minutes over 5 nm, starting overhead Dinnington.
A subsequent descent from 1 675 ft asl to 895 ft asl lasted 3 minutes over 8 nm, starting overhead Heddon on the Wall.
Final approach to runway 07 at EGNT Newcastle Airport descended from 836 ft agl to 71 ft agl in 101 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; the speed check was not met. Configuration on final was flap position 3 at 1 211 ft agl, speed 287 kt.
Landing on runway 07 used the full runway length of 2 201 m. The threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target and the threshold speed was too high at 143 kt. The flare was described as perfect; the aircraft floated before touchdown. Touchdown occurred after more than 50 % of the runway length, at a speed of 119 kt, a little fast, with a firm rate of -321 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 10.1 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred.
Runway rollout was very well aligned and the total landing distance was 1 836 m, 83 % of the runway.
The flight covered 167 nm in 38 minutes and consumed 475 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 11 °C with wind 3 kt from 180°, giving a 3 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.
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