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LIEO
Olbia (SS), Italy
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight66,043 kg
Fuel5,665 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

93.61 %
EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 08L
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight64,204 kg
Fuel3,795 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
6 Nov 2026 1:39 560 nm Airbus A320neo 1,870 kg
Departure Score
90.26 %
Enroute Score
98.82 %
Arrival Score
91.74 %

What went well

Touchdown 232 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 52 ft and 152 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.77 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 253 kt against 170 kt at 4 %, −3.25 points
Firm touchdown — 870 fpm, −2.09 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 870 fpm−1.33
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.60
  • Arrival Touchdown · 2.11 G at contact−0.16
Arrival Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, Landing Lights at 1 %, −0.66 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 83 kt fast at 253 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.5 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 8 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 8 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport. Takeoff distance 1,493 m 61 % of runway. Rotation speed was 138 kt. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,493 m61 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 138 ktTarget 146 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.52 m right0.00 m left to 1.52 m right -1.47 -1.01 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.96 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.4 ° min to max 6.2 ° -0.1 6.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 171 kt156 kt min to max 185 kt 156 185 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.97 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 529 fpm193 fpm min to max 700 fpm 193 700 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 39 ft agl 0 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °5.3 ° min to max 7.3 ° 6.2 5.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 197 kt185 kt min to max 247 kt 185 247 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.77 g min to max 1.21 g 1.03 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 948 fpm382 fpm min to max 2,157 fpm 704 936 fpm
Info Average altitude 142 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 438 ft agl 40 438 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °5.7 ° min to max 9.5 ° 5.9 7.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 228 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 228 ft agl · 197 kt
Departure Climb 3 61.03Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
4 % Climb speed 253 kt249 kt min to max 255 ktTarget 170 kt, 83 kt fast 250 249 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 17.9 °0.0 ° min to max 17.9 ° 0.2 17.9 °
95 % Average g force 1.11 g0.94 g min to max 1.47 g 1.11 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up at 151 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
Info Average VSI 2,132 fpm1,241 fpm min to max 4,366 fpm 1,241 4,366 fpm
Info Average altitude 639 ft agl457 ft agl min to max 911 ft agl 457 911 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °5.8 ° min to max 14.6 ° 7.2 13.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 605 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 605 ft agl · 255 kt
Enroute Climb 99.92Enroute climb started 2 miles north west of Loiri Porto San Paolo (Sardegna, Italy). Climbing from 1,095 ft asl to 25,627 ft asl, an increase of 24,532 ft in 9 minutes and covering 48 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 248 kt240 kt min to max 253 kt 245 250 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 28.4 °0.0 ° min to max 28.4 ° 23.3 0.6 °
99 % Average g force 1.05 g0.42 g min to max 1.62 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,632 fpm807 fpm min to max 5,089 fpm 4,235 807 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,229 ft asl1,095 ft asl min to max 25,627 ft asl 1,095 25,627 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °2.9 ° min to max 16.4 ° 12.5 5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 1-19 min to max 10 8 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 14 miles north east of Porto Cervo (Sardegna, Italy) and lasted 50 minutes, covering 358 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,786 ft of 25,975 ft asl25,720 ft asl min to max 26,005 ft asl 25,720 26,000 ft asl
100 % Average speed 285 kt250 kt min to max 302 kt 250 293 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.0 ° 8.4 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.11 g 0.89 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 5 -4 1
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.2 ° min to max 4.8 ° 3.4 1.4 °
Enroute Descent 90.60Enroute descent started 3 miles west of Neustift im Stubaital (Tirol, Austria). Descent from 25,999 ft asl to 8,012 ft asl, a decrease of 17,988 ft in 8 minutes and covering 54 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Average speed 314 kt250 kt min to max 330 kt 290 250 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.3 ° 1.1 0.0 °
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.44 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -2,423 fpm-4,572 fpm min to max 20 fpm -18 8 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,468 ft asl8,012 ft asl min to max 26,004 ft asl 25,999 8,012 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-6.1 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.5 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 5 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,423 ft agl
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 6,309 ft agl · 346 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Starnberg (Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 8,015 ft asl to 9,402 ft asl, an increase of 1,387 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 250 kt245 kt min to max 252 kt 249 251 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.6 °1.5 ° min to max 25.6 ° 6.2 8.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.23 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 731 fpm31 fpm min to max 2,134 fpm 230 31 fpm
Info Average altitude 9,016 ft asl8,015 ft asl min to max 9,402 ft asl 8,015 9,402 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °3.1 ° min to max 8.9 ° 5.3 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 2-1 min to max 9 5 -1
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Neuried (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 12 minutes, covering 55 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±970 ft of 9,410 ft asl9,391 ft asl min to max 9,432 ft asl 9,402 9,399 ft asl
100 % Average speed 250 kt249 kt min to max 251 kt 251 250 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.5 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 7.5 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination -1-8 min to max 3 0 1
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.9 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.0 3.1 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Maisach (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 9,399 ft asl to 5,026 ft asl, a decrease of 4,373 ft in 3 minutes and covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 251 kt245 kt min to max 255 kt 250 249 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.6 °0.3 ° min to max 25.6 ° 0.7 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.79 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,559 fpm-2,033 fpm min to max -10 fpm -10 -108 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,229 ft asl5,026 ft asl min to max 9,399 ft asl 9,399 5,026 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.1 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 1-10 min to max 9 1 -1

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,200 ft agl
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Bergkirchen (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±751 ft of 4,998 ft asl4,849 ft asl min to max 5,017 ft asl 5,017 4,849 ft asl
100 % Average speed 235 kt207 kt min to max 250 kt 249 207 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 24.8 °0.0 ° min to max 24.8 ° 1.2 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.16 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 2-1 min to max 8 0 -1
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-4.2 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.9 -2.8 °

Events

Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 3,368 ft agl · 262 kt
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 3,420 ft agl · 237 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,440 ft agl · 270 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,440 ft agl · 270 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,397 ft agl · 250 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 3,429 ft agl · 240 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Fahrenzhausen (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 4,671 ft asl to 2,983 ft asl, a decrease of 1,689 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 159 kt156 kt min to max 191 kt 191 157 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -814 fpm-974 fpm min to max -658 fpm -940 -889 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,421 ft asl2,983 ft asl min to max 4,671 ft asl 4,671 2,983 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-1.9 ° min to max 2.4 ° -1.9 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 0-3 min to max 1 0 1

Events

Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 3,068 ft agl · 203 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport. Descent from 1,562 ft agl to 68 ft agl in 86 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 992 ft agl · 165 kt
Arrival Landing 90.98Landing on runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport, runway length 4,065 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt. Target 145 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
64 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 232 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.90 m left1.90 m left to 1.83 m left 1.90 1.83 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.08 g1.01 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 1.06 g
Info Average speed 151 kt150 kt min to max 152 kt 152 150 kt
Info Average VSI -1,006 fpm-1,096 fpm min to max -861 fpm -1,096 -861 fpm
Info Average altitude 26 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl 53 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.5 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.5 3.9 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 992 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 44 ft agl · 155 kt
07515022501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 77.65Touchdown distance was good at 232 m. Touchdown speed at 150 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -870 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -870 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 232 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 150 ktTarget below 145 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.83 m left1.82 m left 1.83 1.77 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °
53 % Peak g force 2.11 g0.90 g min to max 2.11 g 1.06 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 148 kt145 kt min to max 150 kt 150 145 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °3.2 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.9 3.6 °

Events

Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 10 ft agl · 154 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 974 m, 24 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 974 m24 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.39 m left1.39 m left to 0.00 m left 1.39 1.33 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 1.08 1.01 g
Info Average speed 116 kt78 kt min to max 150 kt 150 78 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 39 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 40 kt9 kt min to max 78 kt 78 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 8 ft agl · 54 kt
Arrival Taxi 90.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 21 kt 20 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.9 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights

Takeoff from LIEO 23

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,493m61 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.52m R
Rotation speed100.00
138kttarget 146, 8 early

Rotated early, and slowly

The nose came up at 138 kt, 8 kt before the 146 kt rotate speed, and rose at 1.7° a second, slower than the 2.0 to 3.0 other Airbus A320neo pilots fly.

The nose started up before the rotate speed and then came up slowly, as if easing it off early. Wait for the rotate speed, then make one steady pull at the normal rate for this aircraft.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
156ktat 6.2°
Rotation
1.7°/sover 3.5 s, gaining 18 kt
35 ft
183ktat 5.6°, 5.4 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.9°steepest
Gear up100.00
151ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed3.76
253kttarget 170

Plan view the roll down the 2,441 m runway.

Rolled from 385 m in, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 61 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.39 m RROLL 385 M INAirborne 1,496 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,496 m of 2,441 m · 61 %
Behind the start of the roll, 385 mTakeoff roll, 1,112 m Left ahead, 945 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 911 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 470 m of runway left; gear up at 151 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,280 fpm on average to 911 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3253 kt avgtarget 170THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 264 m · 3.5 sRotate 138 kttarget 146Liftoff 156 ktGear up 151 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES3.7 km past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 170270 kt18090020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 264 m · 3.5 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 146held 7.4°6.2° off · 1.7°/s6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.0 to 3.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320neo pilots over the last 180 days (154 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s2.0°/s3°/s3.0°/sTAIL STRIKE 11.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT6.2° off · 1.7°/s6° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.0 to 3.0°/s, other Airbus A320neo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,010 fpm1,050 fpm
On glideslope3.6°3.8°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+12 kt+13 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDM 08L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 220 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,5488564632541,000 ft gate7 of 71,244 ft · 157 kt500 ft gate7 of 7699 ft · 158 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 39× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 9 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR24 m L024 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND9 m R6 m R0 m R2 m L5 m R4 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +7 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 145 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 145+12 kt+14 kt+12 kt+11 kt+7 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDM 08L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
52ft
Threshold speed100.00
152kttarget 145, 7 fast
Centreline offset100.00
1.90m L
Bank100.00
0.1°steepest
Flare63.91

The flare wandered off the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 232 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
232m
Centreline100.00
1.83m L
Speed100.00
149kttarget 145, 4 fast
Touchdown rate0.00
-870fpm
Impact52.98
2.11G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.4°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
600m21 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.39m L

Taxi in

Lights0.50
Wrongtaxi lights off, landing lights on
Taxi speed100.00
21kt peak9 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 52 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 31 ft. Touched down 232 m in, 73 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

52 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 31 ft · −1,240 fpm · 3.5° · 151 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −869 fpm · 3.9°−869 fpm · 3.9° nose up · 150 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 52 ft, down at 232 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,240 fpm at the flare to 870 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed. Into the flare at 151 kt, 6 kt over the 145 kt approach speed, and 150 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,5000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−869 fpm at touchdown3.9° at touchdown, +0.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 4,065 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 1.8 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 1.8 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 232 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 232 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 2.11 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 832 m of 4,065 m · 20 %
In the air over the runway, 232 mRollout, 600 m Left over, 3,233 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 156 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.35 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 814 m30 kt · 931 mtouchdown968 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320neo departed from runway 23 at LIEO Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport. Takeoff used 1,493 m of runway (61 % of runway) and rotation occurred at 138 kt. Local weather was 17 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt headwind and 1 kt cross-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 40 seconds, averaging 1,281 fpm and reaching 249 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 1,095 ft asl to 25,627 ft asl in 9 minutes, covering 48 nm, beginning 2 mi north-west of Loiri Porto San Paolo. Level cruise at 26,000 ft asl continued for 50 minutes, covering 358 nm, starting 14 mi north-east of Porto Cervo.

Descent from 25,999 ft asl to 8,012 ft asl took 8 minutes over 54 nm, beginning 3 mi west of Neustift im Stubaital. A subsequent climb from 8,015 ft asl to 9,402 ft asl lasted 2 minutes and covered 7 nm, starting 1 mi north-east of Starnberg. Level flight at 9,400 ft asl continued for 12 minutes, covering 55 nm, beginning 1 mi north of Neuried.

The next descent from 9,399 ft asl to 2,983 ft asl took 7 minutes over 27 nm, starting 1 mi west of Maisach, with a brief level-off at 5,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport began with a descent from 1,562 ft agl to 68 ft agl in 86 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, on glideslope, on centreline, on speed, wings level.

Landing on runway 08L (runway length 4,065 m) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt. The flare was described as a fair landing flare with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 232 m from the threshold at 150 kt, a little fast, with a very heavy touchdown rate of minus 870 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 974 m (24 % of runway) and rollout alignment was perfect.

Local weather at Munich was 15 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt tailwind and 0 kt cross-wind. Taxiing from the runway to parking took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.

The flight covered 560 nm in 99 minutes and used 1,870 kg of fuel.

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