CYYZ to KBUF Flight Report - Cessna CJ4 Citation

Flight from CYYZ to KBUF

Saturday, 29 March 2025 09:08

Minutes 81

80 nm

Fuel 1,148 lbs

Cessna CJ4 Citation

Departure

Runway 06L at CYYZ

Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Altitude

545 ft asl

Weight

13,603 lbs

Fuel

2,913 lbs

Temperature

34 °F

Wind Speed

10 kt

Wind Direction

33.3 °

Headwind

10 kt

Crosswind

2 kt

Arrival

Runway 05 at KBUF

Buffalo Niagara International Airport

Buffalo New York, United States

702 ft asl

Altitude

12,455 lbs

Weight

1,765 lbs

Fuel

37 °F

Temperature

9 kt

Wind Speed

20.0 °

Wind Direction

9 kt

Headwind

3 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 83.01%

Departure Score 95.46%

Enroute Score 97%

Arrival Score 56.56%

The flight began with the aircraft, a Cessna CJ4 Citation, taxiing from the parking area to the runway at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, taking approximately 1 minute and covering less than 1 nautical mile. The departure roll took place on runway 06L, with a takeoff distance of 539 meters, which accounted for 19% of the runway. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 128 knots.

As the aircraft departed, it encountered local weather conditions of 3°C temperature and a wind of 13 knots at 33 degrees. The crosswind was 3 knots, while the headwind was 13 knots. The enroute climb started approximately 1 mile northwest of Eringate-Centennial-West Deane, Ontario, Canada, where the aircraft climbed from 1,560 feet above sea level to 3,185 feet above sea level, an increase of 1,625 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 7 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise began 1 mile south of Clanton Park, Ontario, Canada, and lasted for 49 minutes, covering a distance of 44 nautical miles. The aircraft then encountered another enroute climb, this time overhead Niagara Falls International Airport in New York, United States, where it climbed from 2,015 feet above sea level to 2,601 feet above sea level, an increase of 586 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile.

The enroute level cruise resumed 1 mile southwest of Niagara Falls International Airport and lasted for 13 minutes, covering a distance of 17 nautical miles. The enroute descent started 2 miles west of Lackawanna, New York, United States, where the aircraft descended from 3,127 feet above sea level to 2,123 feet above sea level, a decrease of 1,004 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 6 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 05 at Buffalo Niagara International Airport was made from the southwest, heading 27.0 degrees at 3 nautical miles and 1,426 feet above ground level. The landing took place on runway 05, which had a length of 2,308 meters. The threshold height was excessively over target, while the threshold speed was excessively high.

The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway. The touchdown speed was 110 knots, which was too fast, and the touchdown rate was very hard at -564 feet per minute. The runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 80.0 meters from the centreline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were 3°C temperature and a wind of 9 knots at 19 degrees, with a crosswind of 4 knots and a headwind of 9 knots.

The total landing distance was 1,371 meters, which accounted for 59% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 64.1 meters from the centreline. The taxiing to the parking area from the runway took approximately 10 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile.

The total flight distance was 80 nautical miles, taking a total of 81 minutes, and the aircraft used 521 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages CYYZ to KBUF

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Taxi

90 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 0 kt 0 kt min to max 0 kt	0		0 kt
100 %	Average speed turning corners 0 kt max 0 kt	0		0 kt
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.01 g
Info	Average pitch angle -1.7 ° -1.9 ° min to max -1.7 °	-1.7		-1.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.1 °	0.0		0.1 °
Info	Battery Master On at 09:09:08
Info	Engine 1 Started at 09:09:08
Info	Engine 2 Started at 09:09:08
Info	Beacon Lights Switched On at 09:09:08
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 09:09:08
Info	Navigation Lights Switched On at 09:09:08
Info	Strobe Lights Switched On at 09:09:08
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 09:09:08
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated at 09:09:08
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated at 09:09:08
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 09:09:08
Info	Landing Gear Down at 09:09:08
Info	Pitot Heat Switched Off at 09:09:08
Info	Parking Brake On at 09:09:08
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:09:08
Info	Pitot Heat Switched On at 09:11:22
Info	Parking Brake Off at 09:11:24
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 09:11:25
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 09:11:25
Info	Parking Brake On at 09:11:25
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:11:25
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 09:11:30
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 09:11:30
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:11:30
0 %	Taxi Lights at 09:11:00

Departure Runway Entry

Entering runway 06L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Average speed was 9 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 0 kt 0 kt min to max 0 kt	0		0 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -1.8 ° -1.9 ° min to max -1.8 °	-1.9		-1.8 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.2 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.2		0.2 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 09:18:54
Info	Parking Brake Off at 09:18:57

Departure Roll

100 %

Departure roll runway 06L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Takeoff distance 539 m 19 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 128 kt. Local weather - Temperature 3 °C. Wind 13 kt at 33 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 13 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Takeoff distance 539 m 19 % of runway
100 %	Liftoff speed was 128 kt Target 130 kt
100 %	Runway alignment max 3.71 m 2.51 m left to 1.21 m right	-1.21		2.51 m
100 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.96 g min to max 1.07 g	1.00		1.07 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle -1.6 ° -2.2 ° min to max 2.6 °	-1.8		2.6 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.2		0.1 °

Departure Climb 1

100 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -0.3 ° -0.4 ° min to max -0.2 °	-0.2		-0.4 °
100 %	Average speed 141 kt 132 kt min to max 147 kt	132		147 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.3 °	0.0		1.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.15 g 1.09 g min to max 1.23 g	1.13		1.23 g
Info	Average VSI 678 fpm 352 fpm min to max 1,075 fpm	352		1,075 fpm
Info	Average altitude 21 ft agl 1 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl	1		49 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.5 ° 2.9 ° min to max 8.3 °	2.9		8.3 °
Info	Landing Gear Up at 09:19:27

Departure Climb 2

95.39 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -0.6 ° -1.4 ° min to max -0.4 °	-0.4		-1.4 °
100 %	Average speed 150 kt 147 kt min to max 156 kt	147		152 kt
81.55 %	Average bank angle 3.4 ° 1.5 ° min to max 9.0 °	1.5		9.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.21 g 1.14 g min to max 1.26 g	1.23		1.14 g
Info	Average VSI 1,847 fpm 1,131 fpm min to max 4,031 fpm	1,131		4,031 fpm
Info	Average altitude 115 ft agl 53 ft agl min to max 391 ft agl	53		391 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 11.6 ° 8.6 ° min to max 20.2 °	8.6		20.2 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:19:28

Departure Climb 3

91.9 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
91.67 %	Heading variation -3.1 ° -4.5 ° min to max -2.0 °	-2.0		-4.5 °
100 %	Average speed 139 kt 130 kt min to max 150 kt	150		130 kt
68.97 %	Average bank angle 7.8 ° 0.3 ° min to max 13.8 °	10.5		4.6 °
97.71 %	Average g force 0.87 g 0.42 g min to max 1.12 g	1.12		0.42 g
100 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 4,463 fpm 3,499 fpm min to max 4,772 fpm	4,359		3,499 fpm
Info	Average altitude 740 ft agl 469 ft agl min to max 987 ft agl	469		987 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 20.8 ° 12.4 ° min to max 23.8 °	21.6		12.4 °

Enroute Climb

97.03 %

Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Eringate-Centennial-West Deane (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,560 ft asl to 3,185 ft asl, an increase of 1,625 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 223 kt 130 kt min to max 269 kt	130		258 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 10.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 35.8 °	6.8		25.3 °
70.29 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.48 g min to max 2.54 g	0.49		1.17 g
Info	Average VSI 448 fpm -4,222 fpm min to max 3,636 fpm	2,585		8 fpm
Info	Average altitude 2,271 ft asl 1,310 ft asl min to max 3,188 ft asl	1,560		3,185 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.7 ° -11.3 ° min to max 15.0 °	8.4		-1.7 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 09:19:50
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 09:19:56
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 09:20:47
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated at 09:20:47
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 09:20:48
Info	Overspeed Warning Activated at 09:21:16
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:21:22
Info	Overspeed Warning Deactivated at 09:21:33
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 09:21:20

Enroute Level

88.97 %

Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Clanton Park (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 49 minutes, covering 44 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
93.77 %	Average altitude 2,938 ft asl 2,015 ft asl min to max 3,868 ft asl	3,190		2,016 ft asl
78.94 %	Average speed 204 kt 146 kt min to max 264 kt	257		146 kt
88.42 %	Average bank angle 14.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 45.8 °	23.2		4.0 °
96.86 %	Average g force 1.06 g 0.67 g min to max 1.61 g	1.08		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -0.2 ° -2.6 ° min to max 2.3 °	-1.9		1.2 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:22:07
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 09:22:36
Info	Overspeed Warning Activated at 09:22:38
Info	Overspeed Warning Deactivated at 09:22:52
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Activated at 09:24:13
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:32:36
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:36:41
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:40:42
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:46:47
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:51:15
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 09:53:48
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 09:56:32
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 09:58:36
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 10:00:00
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 10:04:22
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 10:06:41
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 09:21:43
Info	Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 09:22:30

Enroute Climb 2

100 %

Enroute climb started overhead KIAG Niagara Falls International Airport Niagara Falls (New York, United States). Climbing from 2,015 ft asl to 2,601 ft asl, an increase of 586 ft in 2 minutes and covering 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 170 kt 146 kt min to max 197 kt	146		197 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 17.0 ° 0.1 ° min to max 33.6 °	2.2		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.08 g 0.98 g min to max 1.27 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI 359 fpm -106 fpm min to max 645 fpm	-1		590 fpm
Info	Average altitude 2,177 ft asl 2,006 ft asl min to max 2,601 ft asl	2,015		2,601 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.3 ° 0.2 ° min to max 2.8 °	1.2		0.2 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Enroute Level 2

99.58 %

Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of KIAG Niagara Falls International Airport Niagara Falls (New York, United States) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 17 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
98.59 %	Average altitude 3,392 ft asl 2,696 ft asl min to max 3,705 ft asl	2,696		3,129 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 193 kt 163 kt min to max 236 kt	198		163 kt
100 %	Average bank angle 17.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 36.6 °	0.1		6.6 °
100 %	Average g force 1.08 g 0.90 g min to max 1.29 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -0.5 ° -1.7 ° min to max 2.0 °	0.1		-0.7 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 10:19:40
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 10:23:39
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 10:25:31
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated at 10:26:02

Enroute Descent

99.43 %

Enroute descent started 2 miles west of Lackawanna (New York, United States). Descent from 3,127 ft asl to 2,123 ft asl, a decrease of 1,004 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 172 kt 158 kt min to max 186 kt	164		185 kt
98.58 %	Average bank angle 17.0 ° 0.2 ° min to max 40.7 °	9.1		8.6 °
100 %	Average g force 1.07 g 0.80 g min to max 1.37 g	0.99		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI -592 fpm -1,451 fpm min to max -96 fpm	-139		-535 fpm
Info	Average altitude 2,701 ft asl 2,123 ft asl min to max 3,127 ft asl	3,127		2,123 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -2.1 ° -5.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	-0.8		-3.1 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 10:26:44
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Activated at 10:26:44
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated at 10:26:53
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Activated at 10:27:02
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 10:27:02
Info	Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated at 10:27:32
Info	Landing Gear Down at 10:27:58

Arrival Final 4

71.85 %

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,426 ft agl to 1,296 ft agl. A decrease of 130 ft in 12 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
75.3 %	Approach angle 3.8 ° 3.6 ° min to max 4.0 ° Target 3.0 °	3.6		4.0 °
100 %	Average speed 175 kt 166 kt min to max 184 kt	184		166 kt
26.69 %	Heading variation -11.1 ° -11.5 ° min to max -10.3 °	-11.5		-10.3 °
32.95 %	Average bank angle 15.1 ° 2.9 ° min to max 27.8 °	10.7		12.3 °
100 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.87 g min to max 1.12 g	1.01		0.88 g
Info	Average VSI -628 fpm -989 fpm min to max -558 fpm	-561		-989 fpm
Info	Average altitude 1,367 ft agl 1,296 ft agl min to max 1,426 ft agl	1,426		1,296 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -3.3 ° -3.8 ° min to max -2.9 °	-3.1		-3.1 °
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 10:28:14
Info	Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated at 10:28:14

Arrival Final 3

76.09 %

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,274 ft agl to 888 ft agl. A decrease of 387 ft in 19 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
50.74 %	Approach angle 4.0 ° 3.8 ° min to max 4.2 ° Target 3.0 °	4.0		4.2 °
100 %	Average speed 166 kt 163 kt min to max 168 kt	166		165 kt
39.08 %	Heading variation -7.8 ° -9.9 ° min to max -5.3 °	-9.9		-5.3 °
84.81 %	Average bank angle 5.4 ° 1.6 ° min to max 8.6 °	7.9		5.5 °
100 %	Average g force 0.97 g 0.79 g min to max 1.22 g	0.87		0.84 g
Info	Average VSI -1,195 fpm -1,757 fpm min to max -178 fpm	-1,208		-1,476 fpm
Info	Average altitude 1,049 ft agl 888 ft agl min to max 1,274 ft agl	1,274		888 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -3.3 ° -5.9 ° min to max 1.0 °	-4.2		-5.6 °
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 10:28:36

Arrival Final 2

64.58 %

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 854 ft agl to 444 ft agl. A decrease of 410 ft in 19 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
31.02 %	Approach angle 4.5 ° 3.9 ° min to max 5.2 ° Target 3.0 °	4.1		4.2 °
100 %	Average speed 166 kt 158 kt min to max 175 kt	168		175 kt
81.77 %	Heading variation -2.1 ° -4.4 ° min to max -0.7 °	-4.4		-0.7 °
35.49 %	Average bank angle 12.1 ° 2.3 ° min to max 26.9 °	6.4		5.0 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.62 g min to max 1.29 g	0.85		1.29 g
Info	Average VSI -1,242 fpm -3,319 fpm min to max 88 fpm	-1,793		-3,269 fpm
Info	Average altitude 687 ft agl 444 ft agl min to max 854 ft agl	854		444 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -2.2 ° -11.9 ° min to max 3.5 °	-6.4		-7.2 °
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 10:28:40
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 10:28:53

Arrival Final 1

78.87 %

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 403 ft agl to 124 ft agl. A decrease of 279 ft in 16 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
35.38 %	Approach angle 5.6 ° 3.9 ° min to max 7.2 ° Target 3.0 °	3.9		5.5 °
100 %	Average speed 163 kt 151 kt min to max 180 kt	179		151 kt
94 %	Heading variation -0.2 ° -0.6 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.4		-0.6 °
66.39 %	Average bank angle 6.9 ° 0.7 ° min to max 15.8 °	0.7		2.3 °
97.14 %	Average g force 1.10 g 0.63 g min to max 1.60 g	1.60		1.35 g
Info	Average VSI -1,249 fpm -2,935 fpm min to max 821 fpm	-2,791		-919 fpm
Info	Average altitude 319 ft agl 124 ft agl min to max 423 ft agl	403		124 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -2.6 ° -8.3 ° min to max 3.8 °	-4.9		-0.2 °
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 10:28:59
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 10:29:08
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 10:29:10
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 10:29:14

Arrival Landing

12.14 %

Landing on runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, runway length 2,308 m. Threshold height at 118 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 146 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Threshold speed was excessively high at 146 kt. Target 94 kt
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
0 %	Landing and flare profile
0 %	Heading variation -2.7 ° -3.5 ° min to max -0.8 °	-0.8		-3.5 °
71.41 %	Average bank angle 6.2 ° 0.1 ° min to max 13.1 °	2.9		8.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.67 g min to max 1.45 g	1.16		0.89 g
Info	Average speed 118 kt 110 kt min to max 146 kt	146		110 kt
Info	Average VSI -317 fpm -1,344 fpm min to max 151 fpm	-278		-564 fpm
Info	Average altitude 44 ft agl 21 ft agl min to max 121 ft agl	118		21 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.3 ° -7.1 ° min to max 6.5 °	1.4		-4.3 °

Arrival Touchdown

53.49 %

Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 110 kt was too fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -564 fpm. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 80.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 3 °C. Wind 9 kt at 19 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 9 kt.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
83.99 %	Touchdown VSI was -564 fpm.
0 %	Touchdown distance was 944 m Target 457 m
76.48 %	Speed at touchdown 110 kt Target below 92 kt
0 %	Runway alignment max 79.96 m 71.74 m right	-79.96		-64.59 m
24.99 %	Average bank angle 1.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 8.1 °	8.1		0.9 °
78.86 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.61 g min to max 2.24 g	0.89		1.15 g
80 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 102 kt 99 kt min to max 110 kt	110		99 kt
Info	Average pitch angle 3.1 ° -4.3 ° min to max 11.6 °	-4.3		-3.0 °

Arrival Rollout

55 %

Total landing distance 1,371 m, 59 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 64.1 m from centreline.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 1,371 m 59 % of runway.
0 %	Runway alignment max 64.07 m 0.00 m left to 64.07 m right	-64.07		-7.70 m
100 %	Average g force 1.05 g 0.97 g min to max 1.26 g	1.12		0.97 g
Info	Average speed 84 kt 59 kt min to max 91 kt	91		59 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -1.6 ° -2.7 ° min to max 0.1 °	-2.7		-1.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.9 °	0.5		0.1 °
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 10:29:44

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 38 kt

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 28 kt 13 kt min to max 43 kt	43		13 kt
Info	Average pitch angle -1.9 ° -2.0 ° min to max -1.7 °	-2.0		-1.7 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.8 °	0.8		0.1 °
Info	Average g force 0.99 g 0.97 g min to max 1.01 g	0.98		0.99 g
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 10:29:49
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 10:29:50
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 10:29:51

Arrival Taxi

40.5 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 10 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Average speed 16 kt 0 kt min to max 46 kt	13		7 kt
55 %	Average speed turning corners 17 kt max 21 kt	0		0 kt
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.03 g	1.01		0.99 g
Info	Average pitch angle -2.0 ° -2.5 ° min to max -1.4 °	-1.6		-1.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.1		0.3 °
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 10:29:55
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 10:29:56
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 10:31:21
Info	Parking Brake On at 10:34:24
Info	Parking Brake Off at 10:34:38
Info	Parking Brake On at 10:36:10
Info	Parking Brake Off at 10:36:26
0 %	Taxi Lights at 10:33:00

Takeoff on runway 06L at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport in the Cessna CJ4 Citation

95.46 %

90 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Taxi Lights

0 %

Switched On

Speed

100 %

Turn Speed

100 %

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

100 %

Takeoff Roll

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 1,769 ft using 18.86 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 128 kn - Target 130 kn

Alignment

100 %

8.2 ft left to 4.0 ft right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

100 %

Switched On

100 %

Speed

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

100 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

95.39 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

81.55 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

91.9 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 06L CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.

Heading

91.67 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

68.97 %

97.71 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

Landing on runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport in the Cessna CJ4 Citation

Landing Score 49.87 %

Landing Summary

The Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft has landed at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, but the landing was not without its issues. The final approach was conducted from the southwest, heading 27.0° at 3 nautical miles and 1,426 feet above ground level (agl). The aircraft touched down on runway 05, which has a length of 2,308 meters.

However, the landing was not executed perfectly. The threshold height at 118 feet agl was excessively over target, indicating that the aircraft was higher than it should have been at the point of touchdown. Additionally, the threshold speed was excessively high at 146 knots, which is faster than the recommended speed for landing. This excessive speed likely contributed to the hard touchdown rate.

The touchdown point was also very long, using more than 50% of the available runway. This suggests that the aircraft was not aligned properly with the runway centerline, and the pilot may have been struggling to maintain control during the landing. The touchdown speed of 110 knots was also too fast, which further exacerbated the hard touchdown rate of -564 feet per minute (fpm).

Furthermore, the runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 80 meters from the centerline, indicating a significant deviation from the intended path. This misalignment likely contributed to the long touchdown point and the hard touchdown rate. The local weather conditions at the time of the landing were not particularly challenging, with a temperature of 3°C and a wind of 9 knots at 19°.

The total landing distance was 1,371 meters, which is 59% of the available runway. This is a relatively long landing distance, indicating that the aircraft was not able to stop within the available runway length. The runway rollout alignment was also excessively misaligned by 64.1 meters from the centerline, further highlighting the issues with the landing.

Overall, the landing of the Cessna CJ4 Citation at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport was not executed perfectly, with issues related to threshold height, threshold speed, touchdown speed, touchdown rate, and runway alignment. These issues likely contributed to a hard landing and a long landing distance.

71.85 %

Final 4

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,426 ft agl to 1,296 ft agl. A decrease of 130 ft in 12 seconds.

Glideslope

75.3 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

26.69 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

75.3 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

26.69 %

Bank

32.95 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

76.09 %

Final 3

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,274 ft agl to 888 ft agl. A decrease of 387 ft in 19 seconds.

Glideslope

50.74 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

39.08 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

50.74 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

39.08 %

Bank

84.81 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

64.58 %

Final 2

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 854 ft agl to 444 ft agl. A decrease of 410 ft in 19 seconds.

Glideslope

31.02 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

81.77 %

Poor heading alignment

Glideslope

31.02 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

81.77 %

Bank

35.49 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

78.87 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 403 ft agl to 124 ft agl. A decrease of 279 ft in 16 seconds.

Glideslope

35.38 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

94 %

Good heading alignment

Glideslope

35.38 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

94 %

Bank

66.39 %

97.14 %

Descent Rate

Info

12.14 %

Landing

Landing on runway 05 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara International Airport, runway length 2,308 m. Threshold height at 118 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 146 kt.

Height

0 %

Threshold height at 118 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

0 %

Threshold speed was excessively high at 146 kt. Target 94 kt

Flare

0 %

Very poor landing flare

Heading

0 %

Bank