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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

82.04 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 32
25 Apr 2024 0:10 12 nm Cessna Skyhawk 6 kg
Departure Score
91.66 %
Enroute Score
90.62 %
Arrival Score
54.89 %

What went well

Touchdown 155 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 36 % of the runway used
Airborne in 739 m — 35 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — bounce at touchdown; Speed at touchdown 88 kn at 0 %, Touchdown VSI was -742 ft/m. at 27 %, −4.10 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 47.96 m at 0 %, g force 0.93 to 1.82 g at 67 %, −4.02 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 53 %, −3.85 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 93.58Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 72 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
91 % Liftoff speed was 72 knTarget 62 kn
77 % Runway alignment max 16.69 m9.34 m left to 7.36 m right -1.04 -6.21 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.97 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.3 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.2 2.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 90.88Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Heading variation 1.0 °0.5 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.5 1.7 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn72 kn min to max 79 kn 72 76 kn
83 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 8.6 ° 2.3 1.3 °
71 % Average g force 1.19 g0.95 g min to max 1.76 g 1.10 1.75 g
Info Average VSI 621 ft/m157 ft/m min to max 1,263 ft/m 157 1,263 ft/m
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 0 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °1.4 ° min to max 21.7 ° 2.2 21.7 °
Departure Climb 2 92.20Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation 1.7 °0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.7 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 64 kn46 kn min to max 76 kn 76 46 kn
81 % Average bank angle 4.0 °1.5 ° min to max 9.2 ° 1.5 9.2 °
71 % Average g force 1.33 g0.57 g min to max 1.75 g 1.75 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 1,722 ft/m354 ft/m min to max 3,194 ft/m 1,325 1,048 ft/m
Info Average altitude 153 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 361 ft agl 44 361 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 22.4 °8.2 ° min to max 33.3 ° 22.2 17.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 319 ft agl · 58 kt
Enroute Climb 99.66Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,424 ft asl to 4,098 ft asl, an increase of 2,674 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kn44 kn min to max 96 kn 45 90 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 17.2 ° 9.8 0.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.00 g0.79 g min to max 1.31 g 0.84 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 626 ft/m-403 ft/m min to max 1,356 ft/m 1,041 593 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,210 ft asl1,424 ft asl min to max 4,098 ft asl 1,424 4,098 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °-0.8 ° min to max 13.8 ° 13.8 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 79.56Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,131 ft asl to 3,853 ft asl, a decrease of 277 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 113 kn90 kn min to max 142 kn 90 100 kn
64 % Average bank angle 39.3 °8.5 ° min to max 57.8 ° 8.5 56.8 °
38 % Average g force 1.50 g0.98 g min to max 2.34 g 0.98 1.53 g
Info Average VSI -387 ft/m-4,334 ft/m min to max 3,374 ft/m 456 3,256 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,855 ft asl3,504 ft asl min to max 4,149 ft asl 4,131 3,853 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-19.2 ° min to max 17.9 ° 2.9 15.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 74.92Enroute climb started 2 miles north east of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 3,900 ft asl to 4,331 ft asl, an increase of 431 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 71 kn47 kn min to max 94 kn 94 63 kn
46 % Average bank angle 35.4 °0.9 ° min to max 66.8 ° 59.2 6.9 °
63 % Average g force 1.40 g0.52 g min to max 1.89 g 1.43 0.72 g
Info Average VSI 1,100 ft/m-544 ft/m min to max 2,954 ft/m 2,954 1,234 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,090 ft asl3,900 ft asl min to max 4,331 ft asl 3,900 4,331 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °-2.6 ° min to max 28.5 ° 14.8 5.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.71Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,449 ft asl4,299 ft asl min to max 4,642 ft asl 4,340 4,573 ft asl
100 % Average speed 87 kn64 kn min to max 110 kn 64 110 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.3 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 1.2 °
97 % Average g force 0.92 g0.70 g min to max 1.05 g 0.70 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-7.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.9 -1.9 °
Enroute Descent 2 99.26Enroute descent started 3 miles north of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,587 ft asl to 2,829 ft asl, a decrease of 1,757 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kn79 kn min to max 116 kn 109 85 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.3 ° min to max 14.3 ° 1.8 0.9 °
93 % Average g force 0.97 g0.62 g min to max 1.16 g 0.95 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -1,273 ft/m-2,037 ft/m min to max 192 ft/m 192 -1,653 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,698 ft asl2,829 ft asl min to max 4,587 ft asl 4,587 2,829 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -8.2 °-14.6 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -10.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 2,926 ft agl · 114 kt
Arrival 99.66Arrival started 3 miles north of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 81 kn78 kn min to max 85 kn 85 85 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.2 °1.3 ° min to max 15.3 ° 5.8 6.3 °
98 % Average g force 0.94 g0.72 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -1,712 ft/m-2,932 ft/m min to max -1,464 ft/m -1,513 -2,932 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,588 ft asl2,337 ft asl min to max 2,805 ft asl 2,805 2,337 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -11.1 °-19.7 ° min to max -8.2 ° -9.4 -19.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 63.17Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,253 ft agl to 37 ft agl. A decrease of 1,216 ft in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
4 % Approach angle 6.5 °2.3 ° min to max 13.4 °Target 3.0 ° 13.4 2.3 °
100 % Average speed 100 kn88 kn min to max 104 kn 88 99 kn
58 % Heading variation 1.2 °0.5 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.3 1.1 °
59 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 18.4 ° 5.6 0.6 °
90 % Average g force 1.20 g0.70 g min to max 1.42 g 0.99 1.30 g
Info Average VSI -2,584 ft/m-3,383 ft/m min to max -1,539 ft/m -3,129 -1,539 ft/m
Info Average altitude 343 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 1,253 ft agl 1,253 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -12.1 °-19.9 ° min to max -4.7 ° -19.3 -4.7 °
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 53.85Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn. Target 63 kn
74 % Target 50 ft agl
53 % Landing and flare profile
76 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.7 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.7 °
95 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.7 3.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.05 g0.94 g min to max 1.30 g 1.30 1.08 g
Info Average speed 93 kn88 kn min to max 98 kn 98 88 kn
Info Average VSI -934 ft/m-1,500 ft/m min to max -742 ft/m -1,500 -742 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 33 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.2 °-4.7 ° min to max -3.6 ° -4.5 -3.6 °
07515001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 50.79Touchdown distance was good at 154 m. Touchdown speed at 88 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -742 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 13.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 268 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
27 % Touchdown VSI was -742 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 154 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 88 knTarget 53 kn
61 % Runway alignment max 13.68 m9.95 m left 13.68 8.07 m
33 % Average bank angle 4.3 °1.3 ° min to max 7.3 ° 3.9 7.2 °
63 % Average g force 1.12 g0.67 g min to max 1.90 g 1.08 0.68 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 78 kn68 kn min to max 88 kn 88 68 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-5.7 ° min to max 4.5 ° -3.6 -5.7 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 27 ft agl · 77 kt
Arrival Rollout 51.74Total landing distance 649 m, 52 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 48.0 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 649 m52 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 47.96 m47.96 m left to 0.00 m left 9.23 47.96 m
67 % Average g force 1.08 g0.93 g min to max 1.82 g 1.82 1.01 g
Info Average speed 52 kn32 kn min to max 66 kn 66 32 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-2.4 ° min to max 3.1 ° -0.9 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 6.9 ° 6.9 0.7 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 8 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn12 kn min to max 25 kn 25 12 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

93.58 %
FailTaxi lightsOff
100.00Takeoff roll739 m · 35 %
90.83Liftoff speed72 kt
77.08Runway alignment6.21 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
90.88Rate of climb621 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

63.17 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
74.13Threshold height33 ft
0.00Threshold speed98 kt
76.40Centreline offset0.33 m L

Touchdown

50.79 %
100.00Touchdown point155 m
61.26Centreline at touchdown8.07 m L
27.17Sink rate-741 ft/m
62.86Touchdown force1.90 G
FailBounces1
51.74Rollout distance296 m · 36 % used
Landing weight991 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind269° · 1 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 32

Past threshold
155 m
Off centreline
8.07 mL
Sink rate
-741 ft/m
Impact
1.90G

Side view — the last 1,242 m of the approach.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 33 ft, down at 155 m

Plan view — the full 1,242 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 155 m past threshold CLEARED

The 155 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.90 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 451 m of 1,242 m · 36 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
91.66 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 0.5 0
93.58 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 72 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
90.83 %
Liftoff speed was 72 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
77.08 %
9.34 m left to 7.36 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,0001,250-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
90.88 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
92.56 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 75 70
Bank °
82.61 %
9 4.5 0
G
70.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
22 12 1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 600 -100
92.2 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
99.25 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 60 40
Bank °
80.97 %
10 5.5 1
G
71.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
34 21 8
Climb Rate fpm
Info
3,200 1,700 200
02505007501,0001,250068136204272340 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.020.040.060.080.10100200300 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.020.040.060.080.1-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 54.89 %
Landing Summary

First and foremost, I want to commend you for your performance during the aircraft landing, despite the challenges faced in each phase of the landing process.

In the Approach Phase, it is evident that improvements can be made in terms of descent path, heading alignment, and speed control. Maintaining a steady descent path within the glideslope limit and ensuring proper heading alignment are crucial for a successful landing. Additionally, controlling the speed of the aircraft is essential for a smooth touchdown.

Moving on to the Landing Phase, it is important to focus on achieving the target threshold height and executing a proper landing flare. These elements play a significant role in ensuring a safe and controlled landing. By improving these aspects, you can enhance the overall quality of your landings.

During the Touchdown Phase, it is clear that there were several areas for improvement. Ranging from the touchdown rate, speed control, touchdown distance, and runway alignment, there are multiple aspects that can be fine-tuned to achieve a more optimal landing. Additionally, avoiding bouncing on touchdown is crucial for a smooth and safe landing.

Finally, in the Rollout Phase, maintaining proper runway alignment is key to successfully completing the landing process. Ensuring that the aircraft stays aligned with the centerline of the runway can prevent any potential mishaps during the rollout phase.

Overall, while the landing score of 54.9% may not have been as high as you may have hoped, it is important to view this as an opportunity for growth and improvement. By identifying the specific areas that need attention and focusing on enhancing your skills in those areas, you can strive for better outcomes in future landings. Remember, practice makes perfect, and with dedication and perseverance, you can achieve your goals in mastering aircraft landings. Keep up the good work and continue to strive for excellence in your flying skills.

63.17 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,253 ft agl to 37 ft agl. A decrease of 1,216 ft in 25 seconds.
Glideslope
4.06 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
58 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
4.06 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
104 92 80
Alignment
58 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
58.64 %
19 9.5 0
G
90.29 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,539 -2,470 -3,400
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
53.85 %
Landing
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kn.
Height
74.13 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 98 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
53.29 %
Poor landing flare
Centreline ft
76.4 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
94.95 %
4 2 0
G
97.14 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
98 89 80
Pitch °
Info
-2 -3 -4
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-745 -1,123 -1,500
07515001223354658 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
50.79 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 154 m. Touchdown speed at 88 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -742 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 13.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 268 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Bounce on touchdown.
Touchdown
27.17 %
Touchdown rate was very heavy at -742 ft/m.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 88 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 154 m.
Alignment
61.26 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 13.7 m from centreline.
Bank
33.25 %
Bank angle 4.3 °
G
62.86 %
G 1.12 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
51.74 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 649 m, 52 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 48.0 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 649 m using 52.23 % of runway
Alignment
0 %
Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 48.0 m from centreline.
G
67.43 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
62 41 20
Bank °
Info
7 3.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 1 -2
0200400600 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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