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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

74.70 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind266° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
24 May 2024 0:09 12 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
93.66 %
Enroute Score
77.80 %
Arrival Score
43.61 %

What went well

Touchdown 404 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 21 % of the runway used
Airborne in 794 m — 37 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — bounce at touchdown; Touchdown VSI was -1,931 ft/m. at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 95 kn at 0 %, −5.42 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −5.36 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 8.6 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 2.8 ° at 0 %, −4.15 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, Average speed was 14 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kn24 kn min to max 28 kn 24 28 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Departure Roll 92.72Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 31 m 1 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 54 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 31 m1 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 54 knTarget 62 kn
64 % Runway alignment max 13.03 m13.03 m left to 0.00 m left 8.08 11.19 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.2 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 97.25Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.8 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 52 kn50 kn min to max 54 kn 54 50 kn
90 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 0.3 5.8 °
97 % Average g force 1.19 g1.03 g min to max 1.30 g 1.09 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 778 ft/m442 ft/m min to max 1,043 ft/m 442 1,043 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.1 °6.4 ° min to max 21.2 ° 6.4 21.2 °
Departure Climb 2 91.02Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 49 kn47 kn min to max 52 kn 49 52 kn
69 % Average bank angle 10.7 °5.9 ° min to max 13.7 ° 5.9 13.4 °
87 % Average g force 0.90 g0.53 g min to max 1.27 g 1.18 1.22 g
Info Average VSI 652 ft/m66 ft/m min to max 1,286 ft/m 1,060 174 ft/m
Info Average altitude 73 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 80 ft agl 45 80 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °0.7 ° min to max 22.4 ° 21.8 9.5 °
Enroute Climb 93.89Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (, ). Climbing from 1,125 ft asl to 1,541 ft asl, an increase of 415 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kn46 kn min to max 95 kn 52 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °0.1 ° min to max 21.5 ° 13.4 3.3 °
39 % Average g force 1.18 g0.39 g min to max 2.32 g 1.22 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 306 ft/m-996 ft/m min to max 2,473 ft/m 188 550 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,259 ft asl1,121 ft asl min to max 1,541 ft asl 1,125 1,541 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °-9.9 ° min to max 32.7 ° 9.7 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 121 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 87 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 105 ft agl · 73 kt
Enroute Level 55.60Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (, ) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,701 ft asl1,551 ft asl min to max 1,937 ft asl 1,551 1,667 ft asl
100 % Average speed 93 kn70 kn min to max 107 kn 94 107 kn
0 % Average bank angle 23.2 °0.2 ° min to max 92.0 ° 3.6 64.4 °
56 % Average g force 1.08 g0.49 g min to max 2.02 g 1.03 1.89 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-39.9 ° min to max 24.2 ° 4.0 -39.9 °
Enroute Climb 2 76.69Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,421 ft asl to 4,330 ft asl, an increase of 2,909 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn57 kn min to max 128 kn 128 81 kn
67 % Average bank angle 11.4 °0.0 ° min to max 56.6 ° 6.3 16.3 °
0 % Average g force 1.07 g0.36 g min to max 4.60 g 1.47 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 683 ft/m-7,039 ft/m min to max 4,511 ft/m -7,039 -588 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,596 ft asl1,345 ft asl min to max 4,365 ft asl 1,421 4,330 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-31.0 ° min to max 29.9 ° -31.0 -5.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 85.01Enroute descent started 3 miles south west of Guelph (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,320 ft asl to 2,908 ft asl, a decrease of 1,411 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn84 kn min to max 130 kn 84 120 kn
69 % Average bank angle 18.4 °1.3 ° min to max 55.5 ° 11.7 34.4 °
74 % Average g force 1.03 g0.55 g min to max 1.70 g 0.98 0.71 g
Info Average VSI -1,112 ft/m-3,769 ft/m min to max 2,664 ft/m -613 -3,769 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,844 ft asl2,908 ft asl min to max 4,356 ft asl 4,320 2,908 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.8 °-21.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° -6.6 -21.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 88.76Arrival started 3 miles south west of Guelph (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kn82 kn min to max 128 kn 123 82 kn
76 % Average bank angle 18.0 °2.7 ° min to max 36.3 ° 28.8 10.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.15 g0.85 g min to max 1.39 g 1.13 0.85 g
Info Average VSI -1,601 ft/m-4,573 ft/m min to max 311 ft/m -4,462 -704 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,431 ft asl2,302 ft asl min to max 2,827 ft asl 2,827 2,302 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.0 °-21.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° -21.1 -5.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 50.20Approaching runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,253 ft agl to 92 ft agl. A decrease of 1,162 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.6 °4.4 ° min to max 11.8 °Target 3.0 ° 11.7 4.4 °
100 % Average speed 105 kn82 kn min to max 114 kn 82 112 kn
0 % Heading variation 2.8 °1.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.2 1.6 °
64 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.6 ° min to max 16.5 ° 5.3 13.7 °
75 % Average g force 1.13 g0.73 g min to max 1.69 g 0.86 1.69 g
Info Average VSI -2,359 ft/m-3,370 ft/m min to max -989 ft/m -989 -2,019 ft/m
Info Average altitude 547 ft agl92 ft agl min to max 1,253 ft agl 1,253 92 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -11.0 °-18.6 ° min to max -3.4 ° -7.0 -3.4 °
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 35.66Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn. Target 63 kn
81 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
58 % Heading variation 1.2 °1.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 1.4 °
58 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.4 ° min to max 18.1 ° 14.1 0.4 °
75 % Average g force 0.99 g0.45 g min to max 1.69 g 1.69 1.39 g
Info Average speed 99 kn92 kn min to max 112 kn 112 95 kn
Info Average VSI -551 ft/m-1,959 ft/m min to max 503 ft/m -1,959 -1,931 ft/m
Info Average altitude 61 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 85 ft agl 63 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-13.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° -3.0 -8.4 °
07515022530037545052560067575001835537188Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 35.00Touchdown point was 121 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 95 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -1,931 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 45.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kn at 266 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown VSI was -1,931 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 398 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 95 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 45.18 m42.65 m left 40.59 45.18 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 1.6 °
0 % Average g force 1.25 g0.53 g min to max 3.64 g 1.39 0.55 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 74 kn67 kn min to max 95 kn 95 68 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °-10.5 ° min to max 12.2 ° -8.4 -10.5 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 41 ft agl · 74 kt
Arrival Rollout 53.57Total landing distance 633 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 45.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 633 m30 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 45.82 m45.82 m left to 0.00 m left 45.73 45.50 m
86 % Average g force 1.24 g1.09 g min to max 1.50 g 1.50 1.13 g
Info Average speed 53 kn50 kn min to max 55 kn 55 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-6.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° -6.4 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.6 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.6 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 17 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kn7 kn min to max 45 kn 45 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.99 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll794 m · 37 %
100.00Liftoff speed54 kt
63.61Runway alignment13.03 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
97.25Rate of climb778 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

81.22Threshold height63 ft
0.00Threshold speed112 kt
58.40Centreline offset0.47 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 26

Past threshold100.00
404m
Centreline0.00
45.18m L
Speed0.00
94kt
Touchdown rate0.00
-1,931fpm
Impact0.00
3.64G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

63 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 63 ft, down at 404 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 404 m past threshold CLEARED

The 404 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone.

Runway used 458 m of 2,124 m · 22 %
Rollout distance100.00
54m21 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
45.82m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
93.66 %
92.72 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 31 m 1 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 54 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 31 m using 1.45 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 54 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
63.61 %
13.03 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
60 35 10
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
02505007501,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
97.25 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
60 50 40
Bank °
90.13 %
6 3 0
G
97.14 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
22 14 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 500 -100
91.02 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
60 50 40
Bank °
69.11 %
14 9.5 5
G
87.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
23 12 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 600 -100
02505007501,00001632486480 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.010.010.020.030.0401938577695 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.010.010.020.030.04-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 43.61 %
Landing Summary

While your aircraft landing score of 43.6% may seem discouraging, it is important to remember that each landing provides a valuable learning opportunity. By addressing the specific areas of improvement identified in the analysis, you can work towards achieving a higher score in your future landings.

Starting with the Approach Phase, it is crucial to maintain a descent path within the glideslope limits and ensure proper heading alignment to set yourself up for a successful landing. Additionally, controlling your speed to prevent it from becoming excessively high will help you approach the runway more smoothly.

Moving on to the Landing Phase, focus on lowering the threshold height to meet the targeted point and improving your landing flare technique for a smoother touchdown. Pay attention to your bank angle stability during landing to ensure a safe and controlled descent.

In the Touchdown Phase, work on reducing the touchdown rate by adjusting your speed appropriately and aim to touch down within the designated touchdown zone to improve your landing accuracy. Avoid bouncing on touchdown to prevent any loss of control of the aircraft.

Lastly, during the Rollout Phase, concentrate on maintaining runway alignment by staying closer to the centreline for a more precise landing.

By incorporating these adjustments and focusing on improving the specific areas highlighted in the analysis, you can gradually enhance your overall landing performance. Keep practicing and remain patient and determined, and you will see progress in your skills as a pilot. Remember, every landing is an opportunity to learn and grow. Keep up the hard work!

50.2 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,253 ft agl to 92 ft agl. A decrease of 1,162 ft in 27 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
0 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
114 97 80
Alignment
0 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
63.59 %
17 8.5 0
G
74.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-989 -2,195 -3,400
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
35.66 %
Landing
Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn.
Height
81.22 %
Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
58.4 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
57.71 %
19 9.5 0
G
74.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
112 101 90
Pitch °
Info
6 -3 -12
Descent Rate fpm
Info
503 -748 -2,000
07515022530037545052560067575001835537188 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
35 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 121 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 95 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -1,931 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 45.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kn at 266 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
Bounce on touchdown.
Touchdown
0 %
Touchdown rate was very heavy at -1,931 fpm.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 95 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown point was 121 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
0 %
Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 45.2 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 1.0 °
G
0 %
G 1.25 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
53.57 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 633 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 45.8 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 633 m using 29.78 % of runway
Alignment
0 %
Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 45.8 m from centreline.
G
85.71 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
51 46 40
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
8 1 -6
0200400600 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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