My FS Flights logo MY FS FLIGHTS
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

74.70 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind266° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
24 May 2024 0:09 12 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
93.66 %
Enroute Score
77.80 %
Arrival Score
43.61 %

What went well

Touchdown 404 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 21 % of the runway used
Airborne in 794 m — 37 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — bounce at touchdown; Touchdown VSI was -1,931 ft/m at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 95 kn at 0 %, −5.42 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −5.36 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 8.6 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 2.8 ° at 0 %, −4.15 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, Average speed was 14 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kn24 kn min to max 28 kn 24 28 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 25 kt
Departure Roll 92.72Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 31 m 1 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 54 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 31 m1 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 54 knTarget 62 kn
64 % Runway alignment max 13.03 m13.03 m left to 0.00 m left 8.08 11.19 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.2 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 97.25Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.8 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 52 kn50 kn min to max 54 kn 54 50 kn
90 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 0.3 5.8 °
97 % Average g force 1.19 g1.03 g min to max 1.30 g 1.09 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 778 ft/m442 ft/m min to max 1,043 ft/m 442 1,043 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.1 °6.4 ° min to max 21.2 ° 6.4 21.2 °
Departure Climb 2 91.02Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 49 kn47 kn min to max 52 kn 49 52 kn
69 % Average bank angle 10.7 °5.9 ° min to max 13.7 ° 5.9 13.4 °
87 % Average g force 0.90 g0.53 g min to max 1.27 g 1.18 1.22 g
Info Average VSI 652 ft/m66 ft/m min to max 1,286 ft/m 1,060 174 ft/m
Info Average altitude 73 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 80 ft agl 45 80 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °0.7 ° min to max 22.4 ° 21.8 9.5 °
Enroute Climb 93.89Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (, ). Climbing from 1,125 ft asl to 1,541 ft asl, an increase of 415 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kn46 kn min to max 95 kn 52 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °0.1 ° min to max 21.5 ° 13.4 3.3 °
39 % Average g force 1.18 g0.39 g min to max 2.32 g 1.22 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 306 ft/m-996 ft/m min to max 2,473 ft/m 188 550 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,259 ft asl1,121 ft asl min to max 1,541 ft asl 1,125 1,541 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °-9.9 ° min to max 32.7 ° 9.7 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 121 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 87 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 105 ft agl · 73 kt
Enroute Level 55.60Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (, ) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,701 ft asl1,551 ft asl min to max 1,937 ft asl 1,551 1,667 ft asl
100 % Average speed 93 kn70 kn min to max 107 kn 94 107 kn
0 % Average bank angle 23.2 °0.2 ° min to max 92.0 ° 3.6 64.4 °
56 % Average g force 1.08 g0.49 g min to max 2.02 g 1.03 1.89 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-39.9 ° min to max 24.2 ° 4.0 -39.9 °
Enroute Climb 2 76.69Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,421 ft asl to 4,330 ft asl, an increase of 2,909 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn57 kn min to max 128 kn 128 81 kn
67 % Average bank angle 11.4 °0.0 ° min to max 56.6 ° 6.3 16.3 °
0 % Average g force 1.07 g0.36 g min to max 4.60 g 1.47 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 683 ft/m-7,039 ft/m min to max 4,511 ft/m -7,039 -588 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,596 ft asl1,345 ft asl min to max 4,365 ft asl 1,421 4,330 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-31.0 ° min to max 29.9 ° -31.0 -5.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 85.01Enroute descent started 3 miles south west of Guelph (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,320 ft asl to 2,908 ft asl, a decrease of 1,411 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn84 kn min to max 130 kn 84 120 kn
69 % Average bank angle 18.4 °1.3 ° min to max 55.5 ° 11.7 34.4 °
74 % Average g force 1.03 g0.55 g min to max 1.70 g 0.98 0.71 g
Info Average VSI -1,112 ft/m-3,769 ft/m min to max 2,664 ft/m -613 -3,769 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,844 ft asl2,908 ft asl min to max 4,356 ft asl 4,320 2,908 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.8 °-21.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° -6.6 -21.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 88.76Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles south west of Guelph (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kn82 kn min to max 128 kn 123 82 kn
76 % Average bank angle 18.0 °2.7 ° min to max 36.3 ° 28.8 10.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.15 g0.85 g min to max 1.39 g 1.13 0.85 g
Info Average VSI -1,601 ft/m-4,573 ft/m min to max 311 ft/m -4,462 -704 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,431 ft asl2,302 ft asl min to max 2,827 ft asl 2,827 2,302 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.0 °-21.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° -21.1 -5.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 50.20Approaching runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,253 ft agl to 92 ft agl. A decrease of 1,162 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.6 °4.4 ° min to max 11.8 °Target 3.0 ° 11.7 4.4 °
100 % Average speed 105 kn82 kn min to max 114 kn 82 112 kn
0 % Heading variation 2.8 °1.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.2 1.6 °
64 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.6 ° min to max 16.5 ° 5.3 13.7 °
75 % Average g force 1.13 g0.73 g min to max 1.69 g 0.86 1.69 g
Info Average VSI -2,359 ft/m-3,370 ft/m min to max -989 ft/m -989 -2,019 ft/m
Info Average altitude 547 ft agl92 ft agl min to max 1,253 ft agl 1,253 92 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -11.0 °-18.6 ° min to max -3.4 ° -7.0 -3.4 °
00.250.50.7510501001502002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 35.66Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 112 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
58 % Heading variation 1.2 °1.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 1.4 °
58 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.4 ° min to max 18.1 ° 14.1 0.4 °
75 % Average g force 0.99 g0.45 g min to max 1.69 g 1.69 1.39 g
Info Average speed 99 kn92 kn min to max 112 kn 112 95 kn
Info Average VSI -551 ft/m-1,959 ft/m min to max 503 ft/m -1,959 -1,931 ft/m
Info Average altitude 61 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 85 ft agl 63 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-13.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° -3.0 -8.4 °
07515022530037545052560067575001835537188Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 35.00Touchdown point was 121 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 95 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -1,931 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 45.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kn at 266 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown VSI was -1,931 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 398 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 95 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 45.18 m42.65 m left 40.59 45.18 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 1.6 °
0 % Average g force 1.25 g0.53 g min to max 3.64 g 1.39 0.55 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 74 kn67 kn min to max 95 kn 95 68 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °-10.5 ° min to max 12.2 ° -8.4 -10.5 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 41 ft agl · 74 kt
Arrival Rollout 53.57Total landing distance 633 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 45.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 633 m30 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 45.82 m45.82 m left to 0.00 m left 45.73 45.50 m
86 % Average g force 1.24 g1.09 g min to max 1.50 g 1.50 1.13 g
Info Average speed 53 kn50 kn min to max 55 kn 55 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-6.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° -6.4 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.6 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.6 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 17 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kn7 kn min to max 45 kn 45 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.99 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 54 kt with 6.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

60 kt4020025°13°0°LIFTOFF6.4° off17° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 18 kt 0.2° 0 s
Liftoff487 m 54 kt 6.4° 19.2 s
35 ft569 m · 2.6 s after liftoff 51 kt 16.7° 21.8 s
End of the climb716 m · 80 ft 52 kt 9.5° 26.9 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
794m37 %
Liftoff speed100.00
54kt
Runway alignment63.61
13.03m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.25
778fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 80 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,247 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 54 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 308 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 13 m at the widest, and lifted off 11 m left. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 13.16 m LROLL 308 M INAirborne 796 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 796 m of 2,124 m · 37 %
Behind the start of the roll, 308 mTakeoff roll, 487 m Left ahead, 1,329 m

The approach to CYKF 26

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to the threshold (up to 2,210 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND3,2913,0552,2771,7701,275750
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 426 m right of the centreline, then 371 m left of it from 2.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND381 m R187 m R350 m L291 m L203 m L190 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 26

Over the threshold

Threshold height81.22
63ft
Threshold speed0.00
112kt
Centreline offset58.40
0.47m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
404m
Centreline0.00
45.18m L
Speed0.00
94kt
Touchdown rate0.00
-1,931fpm
Impact0.00
3.64G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 266° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 63 ft, 13 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 404 m in, 99 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

63 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −1,931 fpm · −8.4° nose down · 95 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 63 ft, down at 404 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 63 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 950 fpm before coming down at 1,930 fpm to touch. The nose went down 5.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,250−2,500−13°−2°10°touchdown−1,931 fpm at touchdown−8.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 45 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 20 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 404 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 404 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone.

Runway used 458 m of 2,124 m · 22 %
In the air over the runway, 404 mRollout, 54 m Left over, 1,667 m
Rollout distance100.00
54m21 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
45.82m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Metrics
Metrics

Scroll or drag the slider to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values

More Flights Like This
CYKF → CYKF
Kitchener\/Waterloo to Kitchener\/Waterloo
Cessna Skyhawk
24 May 2024 · 14 nm 77.57%
CYKF → CYKF
Kitchener\/Waterloo to Kitchener\/Waterloo
Cessna Skyhawk
24 May 2024 · 20 nm 61.47%
CYKF → KDTW
Region of Waterloo International Airport to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Learjet 35
19 Sep 2026 · 241 nm 93.84%
CYHU → CYKF
Montréal / Saint-Hubert Airport to Region of Waterloo International Airport
Learjet 35
19 Sep 2026 · 379 nm 99.34%
EDFB → EDFB
Reichelsheim Airfield to Reichelsheim Airfield
Cessna Skyhawk
31 Oct 2026 · 10 nm 94.18%
LSZR → LSZH
Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport to Zürich Airport
Cessna Skyhawk
29 Oct 2026 · 88 nm 94.52%
More flights at CYKF · More flights at CYKF · More Cessna Skyhawk flights · Browse all flights