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EPWA
Warsaw, Poland
Runway 15
Elevation351 ft asl
Weight69,969 kg
Fuel8,181 kg
Wind200° · 8 kn · 6 kn cross

Flight Score

97.89 %
ESSA
Stockholm, Sweden
Runway 19L
Elevation112 ft asl
Weight66,190 kg
Fuel4,309 kg
Wind129° · 12 kn · 10 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 1:38 559 nm Airbus A320ceo 3,871 kg
Departure Score
98.99 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
94.68 %

What went well

Rollout held the centreline in a 10 kn crosswind — 6.45 m off at taxi speed
Touchdown 327 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 49 ft and 141 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 460 fpm with one bounce, −1.73 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 460 fpm−0.75
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.68
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.44 G at contact−0.04
Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 189 kt against 164 kt at 94 %, −0.16 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 7.3 ° at 93 %, −0.11 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 164 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 25 kt fast at 189 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 164 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 4 14 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.5 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 15 at EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport, Average speed was 20 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kt14 kt min to max 14 kt 14 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 15 at EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport. Takeoff distance 1,679 m 46 % of runway. Rotation speed was 162 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 9 kt at 199 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,679 m46 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 162 ktTarget 153 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.79 m right0.00 m left to 4.79 m right -0.45 -4.79 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.95 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.6 ° min to max 6.7 ° 0.8 6.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.2 1.3 °
Departure Climb 1 99.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 15 EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 176 kt172 kt min to max 179 kt 172 179 kt
96 % Average bank angle 3.8 °1.3 ° min to max 6.9 ° 1.3 6.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g0.95 g min to max 1.23 g 0.95 1.23 g
Info Average VSI 440 fpm94 fpm min to max 935 fpm 94 935 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 18 ft agl 0 18 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °6.8 ° min to max 12.8 ° 6.8 12.8 °
Departure Climb 2 98.37Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 15 EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 182 kt180 kt min to max 189 kt 180 189 kt
93 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 7.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g0.97 g min to max 1.22 g 1.22 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 1,785 fpm1,242 fpm min to max 2,842 fpm 1,242 2,842 fpm
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 333 ft agl 30 333 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.8 °13.2 ° min to max 15.1 ° 13.4 15.1 °
Departure Climb 3 97.57Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 15 EPWA Warsaw Chopin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Climb speed 189 kt188 kt min to max 190 ktTarget 164 kt, 25 kt fast 190 188 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.8 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.8 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up at 18 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.6 °
Info Average VSI 3,656 fpm3,083 fpm min to max 3,798 fpm 3,083 3,701 fpm
Info Average altitude 654 ft agl381 ft agl min to max 895 ft agl 381 895 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.0 °15.9 ° min to max 16.1 ° 16.0 16.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Dawidy (Masovian Voivodeship, Poland). Climbing from 1,323 ft asl to 34,012 ft asl, an increase of 32,688 ft in 19 minutes and covering 126 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kt186 kt min to max 290 kt 188 263 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.0 °0.0 ° min to max 30.2 ° 1.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.26 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,968 fpm-26 fpm min to max 3,693 fpm 3,681 -26 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,056 ft asl1,323 ft asl min to max 34,012 ft asl 1,323 34,012 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °3.2 ° min to max 16.0 ° 16.0 3.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,299 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,457 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4,731 ft agl · 237 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Gruta (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland) and lasted 35 minutes, covering 273 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,201 ft of 34,011 ft asl33,995 ft asl min to max 34,033 ft asl 34,010 33,995 ft asl
100 % Average speed 261 kt260 kt min to max 263 kt 263 260 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.0 ° min to max 14.8 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.2 3.2 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 25 miles east of Vaestervik (Kalmar, Sweden). Descent from 33,995 ft asl to 17,007 ft asl, a decrease of 16,989 ft in 10 minutes and covering 68 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 268 kt257 kt min to max 279 kt 260 260 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 16.1 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.80 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,495 fpm-4,079 fpm min to max 164 fpm 2 35 fpm
Info Average altitude 24,067 ft asl16,987 ft asl min to max 33,997 ft asl 33,995 17,007 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-1.8 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Nynaeshamn (Stockholm County, Sweden) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,350 ft of 17,009 ft asl17,005 ft asl min to max 17,011 ft asl 17,009 17,009 ft asl
100 % Average speed 229 kt220 kt min to max 258 kt 258 220 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.0 ° min to max 12.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °3.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 3.0 4.7 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Haesthagen (Stockholm County, Sweden). Descent from 17,008 ft asl to 3,001 ft asl, a decrease of 14,007 ft in 10 minutes and covering 44 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 202 kt176 kt min to max 231 kt 220 176 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °0.0 ° min to max 25.7 ° 0.0 6.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,422 fpm-3,342 fpm min to max 33 fpm 9 33 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,459 ft asl3,001 ft asl min to max 17,011 ft asl 17,008 3,001 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-1.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 4.8 5.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON 6,966 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 6,670 ft agl · 236 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 6,083 ft agl · 228 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,834 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,716 ft agl · 201 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Almunge (Uppsala County, Sweden) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±650 ft of 3,003 ft asl2,995 ft asl min to max 3,014 ft asl 3,001 3,009 ft asl
100 % Average speed 155 kt143 kt min to max 176 kt 176 144 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.5 ° 9.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °5.4 ° min to max 8.9 ° 5.4 8.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 2,843 ft agl · 151 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles south east of Laenna (Uppsala County, Sweden). Descent from 2,992 ft asl to 1,440 ft asl, a decrease of 1,551 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 141 kt140 kt min to max 145 kt 145 141 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -646 fpm-738 fpm min to max -271 fpm -271 -645 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,888 ft asl1,440 ft asl min to max 2,992 ft asl 2,992 1,440 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °1.8 ° min to max 6.6 ° 6.6 3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 5 2,434 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,195 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,024 ft agl · 145 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 19L at ESSA Stockholm-Arlanda Airport. Descent from 1,378 ft agl to 61 ft agl in 108 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 89.81Landing on runway 19L at ESSA Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, runway length 2,484 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 142 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 142 kt. Target 139 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
59 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.6° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 327 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.78 m right0.61 m right to 0.78 m right -0.61 -0.78 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 1.08 g
Info Average speed 141 kt140 kt min to max 142 kt 142 140 kt
Info Average VSI -628 fpm-696 fpm min to max -429 fpm -696 -429 fpm
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 50 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °2.9 ° min to max 6.0 ° 2.9 6.0 °
07515022530037501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 84.19Touchdown point was 140 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 140 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -460 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 14 kt at 130 °. Crosswind: 13 kt Headwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
44 % Touchdown rate was -460 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 327 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 140 ktTarget below 132 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.19 m left2.15 m left -0.78 5.19 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.3 0.4 °
89 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.44 g 1.08 1.06 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 136 kt132 kt min to max 140 kt 140 132 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.8 ° min to max 7.0 ° 6.0 5.9 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,089 m, 44 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.3 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,089 m44 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 8.34 m left8.34 m left to 0.00 m left 8.34 6.45 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 0.98 g
Info Average speed 119 kt69 kt min to max 126 kt 126 69 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.8 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 41 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 36 kt28 kt min to max 61 kt 61 28 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.1 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 30 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 30 kt
Arrival Taxi 99.40Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average speed 22 kt0 kt min to max 30 kt 20 2 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 15 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.3 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 1 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 162 kt, 9 kt above the 153 kt target, and lifted off at 171 kt 2.6 s later, the nose coming up at 2.2° a second. Climb 3 averaged 189 kt, 25 kt over its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1536.8° off · 2.2°/s14° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 20 kt 0.8° 0 s
80 kt320 m 80 kt 0.8° 16.7 s
Rotate1,358 m · target 153 162 kt 1.2° 33.6 s
Liftoff1,570 m · +9 kt from rotation 171 kt 6.8° 36.1 s
Gear up1,853 m · 18 ft · full marks to 400 ft 179 kt 12.8° 39.3 s
35 ft1,943 m · 4.1 s after liftoff 181 kt 13.7° 40.3 s
Climb 32,714 m · 382 ft to 895 ft · target 164 189 kt avg 16.0° 49.6 s
End of Climb 33,466 m · 895 ft 188 kt 16.0° 57.1 s

Takeoff from EPWA 15

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,679m46 %
Rotation speed100.00
162kttarget 153, 9 fast
Liftoff speed
171kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.79m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
18ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed93.92
189kttarget 164
Rate of climb99.00
439fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 895 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,629 m of runway left; gear up at 18 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,560 fpm on average to 895 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3189 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 162 kttarget 153Liftoff 171 ktGear up 18 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,685 m runway.

Rolled from 113 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 5.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.2 m right, in 5 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 45 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS5 kn75 %widest 5.11 m RROLL 113 M INAirborne 1,683 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,683 m of 3,685 m · 46 %
Behind the start of the roll, 113 mTakeoff roll, 1,570 m Left ahead, 2,002 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate650 fpm730 fpm
On glideslope3.2°3.1°
On centreline0.0° off0.0° off
On speed+1.1 kt+1.5 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to ESSA 19L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3686993802081,000 ft gate7 of 71,093 ft · 140 kt500 ft gate7 of 7563 ft · 141 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 1 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m L0 m L0 m R0 m R0 m L0 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +3 kt on the approach speed of 139 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 139+2 kt+1 kt+2 kt+2 kt+3 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on ESSA 19L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
49ft
Threshold speed100.00
141kttarget 139, 2 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.78m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
327m
Centreline100.00
5.19m L
Speed100.00
139kttarget 131, 8 fast
Touchdown rate43.65
-460fpm
Impact89.14
1.44G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare59.26

The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.6° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 327 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

10 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 140 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 129° at 12 kt · 6 kt head · 10 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 49 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 16 ft. Touched down 327 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

49 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 16 ft · −562 fpm · 4.4° · 141 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −457 fpm · 6°−459 fpm · 6° nose up · 140 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 49 ft, down at 327 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 560 fpm at the flare to 460 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−459 fpm at touchdown6° at touchdown, +1.5° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,484 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5.2 m left of the centreline and drifted to 9.3 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 10 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 327 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 327 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.44 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 820 m of 2,484 m · 33 %
In the air over the runway, 327 mRollout, 493 m Left over, 1,664 m
Rollout distance100.00
493m33 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
8.34m L

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo departed Warsaw-Chopin Airport (EPWA) on runway 15. The take-off roll was 1,679 m, using 46 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 162 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with a wind from 199° at 9 kt (crosswind 7 kt, headwind 6 kt).

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 18 seconds, averaging 2,288 fpm and reaching 188 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1,323 ft asl to 34,012 ft asl in 19 minutes, covering 126 nm, beginning the climb overhead Dawidy. Cruise was maintained at 34,000 ft asl for 35 minutes, covering 273 nm, starting 1 mile south of Gruta. Descent began from 33,995 ft asl and continued to 1,440 ft asl in 30 minutes, covering 150 nm, starting 25 miles east of Vaestervik, with brief level-offs at 17,000 ft asl and 3,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 19L at Stockholm-Arlanda Airport (ESSA) started from 1,378 ft agl and descended to 61 ft agl in 108 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 2,195 ft agl at 145 kt, and the final flap position 5 was selected at 2,434 ft agl at 147 kt.

The aircraft touched down on runway 19L, whose length is 2,484 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 142 kt, described as good. Touchdown occurred 140 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 140 kt, noted as a little fast, with a hard rate of -460 fpm. The touchdown point was 5.2 m off the centreline and a single bounce was observed. Runway rollout distance was 1,089 m, 44 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was 8.3 m off the centreline.

Local weather at the destination was 10 °C with a wind from 130° at 14 kt (crosswind 13 kt, headwind 7 kt). After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 7 minutes, covering 2 nm. The total flight covered 559 nm in 98 minutes and used 3,871 kg of fuel.

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