The flight began with a brief taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. After that, the aircraft, a PC-21, took off from runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport. The departure roll started with a moderate wind, where the temperature was 27 °C and the wind speed was 14 kt coming from a direction of 80°. The crosswind was 4 kt, while the headwind component was 13 kt.
Upon liftoff, the aircraft quickly gained speed and reached 110 kt, exceeding the takeoff speed requirement. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, ascending from 5,960 feet above mean sea level (asl) to 9,564 ft asl. During this 2-minute climb, the aircraft covered a distance of 6 nautical miles, showing an impressive rate of climb of 3604 ft in a short time. The climb started 1 mile north of Lemmon Valley, Nevada.
As the aircraft continued on its journey, the enroute descent started 3 miles south of Cold Springs, Nevada. In a span of 2 minutes, the aircraft descended from 9,717 ft asl to 7,656 ft asl, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. This steady descent demonstrated the aircraft's ability to maintain control and navigate through the air with precision.
For the final approach to runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport, the aircraft came from the west at a heading of 96.0°, flying at an altitude of 2,334 feet above ground level (agl) and a distance of 3 nautical miles from the runway. The local weather conditions at this point were characterized by a temperature of 25 °C and a wind speed of 8 kt, blowing from a direction of 133°. The crosswind component was 5 kt, while the headwind component was 6 kt.
The landing on runway 08 at the Reno/Stead airport was notable for exceeding the target threshold height at an altitude of 137 ft agl. The threshold speed was also high at 134 kt, and the touchdown point was located 493 meters beyond the touchdown zone, indicating that the aircraft touched down somewhat too far down the runway. The touchdown speed was 106 kt, which is considered relatively fast, but the touchdown rate of 21 ft per minute was precise.
Upon landing, the runway rollout alignment was found to be 8.2 meters off the centerline, showing a slight misalignment. The total landing distance covered was 1,373 meters, accounting for 61% of the runway length. The overall flight distance was 14 nautical miles, and it took approximately 9 minutes to complete. The flight used a significant amount of fuel, approximately 28 kg, during this time.
Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 5 kt 0 kt min to max 8 kt |
0 | 2 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average speed turning corners 3 kt max 3 kt |
0 | 0 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g |
1.00 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 0.9 ° 0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° |
1.4 | 1.1 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° |
0.7 | 0.5 ° | |
| Info |
Battery Master On at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Engine 1 Started at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched On at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched On at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake On at 00:42:49 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake Off at 00:43:08 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:43:43 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 00:44:04 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:44:06 |
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| 0 % |
Taxi Lights at 00:44:21 |
Entering runway 08 at 4SD Reno/Stead, Average speed was 13 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 9 kt 3 kt min to max 26 kt |
6 | 26 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 1.3 ° 0.7 ° min to max 1.9 ° |
0.8 | 1.8 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° |
0.7 | 0.2 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g |
1.00 | 0.99 g |
Departure roll runway 08 at 4SD Reno/Stead. Takeoff distance 693 m 30 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 110 kt. Local weather - Temperature 27 °C. Wind 14 kt at 80 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 13 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Takeoff distance 693 m 30 % of runway |
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| 31.29 % |
Liftoff speed was 110 kt Target 80 kt |
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| 79.88 % |
Runway alignment max 8.57 m 8.57 m left to 0.00 m left |
6.12 | 7.40 m | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.95 g min to max 1.03 g |
0.99 | 1.03 g | |
| 100 % |
Takeoff Bounce |
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| Info |
Average pitch angle 2.3 ° 0.8 ° min to max 5.1 ° |
1.6 | 5.1 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.2 | 0.6 ° | |
| 0 % |
Landing Lights at 00:46:05 |
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| 0 % |
Strobe Lights at 00:46:09 |
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.3 ° -0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° |
-0.2 | -0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 120 kt 110 kt min to max 128 kt |
110 | 128 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° |
0.6 | 1.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.04 g 0.99 g min to max 1.10 g |
1.03 | 1.07 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 546 fpm 304 fpm min to max 721 fpm |
304 | 721 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 22 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl |
0 | 54 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.0 ° 5.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° |
5.1 | 6.4 ° | |
| Info |
Landing Gear Up at 00:46:26 |
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.3 ° -0.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
-0.3 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 133 kt 128 kt min to max 149 kt |
128 | 149 kt | |
| 80.76 % |
Average bank angle 2.4 ° 1.0 ° min to max 9.3 ° |
1.3 | 1.8 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.07 g 0.91 g min to max 1.13 g |
1.07 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 996 fpm 731 fpm min to max 1,610 fpm |
731 | 1,610 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 91 ft agl 55 ft agl min to max 257 ft agl |
55 | 257 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.5 ° 6.0 ° min to max 7.7 ° |
6.5 | 7.0 ° |
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 08 4SD Reno/Stead.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 1.5 ° 0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° |
0.4 | 2.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 178 kt 154 kt min to max 203 kt |
154 | 203 kt | |
| 77.29 % |
Average bank angle 3.3 ° 0.3 ° min to max 10.6 ° |
2.8 | 10.6 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.86 g min to max 1.22 g |
1.01 | 1.16 g | |
| 100 % |
Landing gear up |
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| Info |
Average VSI 1,709 fpm 965 fpm min to max 2,817 fpm |
1,650 | 2,817 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 534 ft agl 285 ft agl min to max 860 ft agl |
285 | 860 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.1 ° 4.6 ° min to max 8.7 ° |
6.8 | 8.7 ° | |
| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 00:46:40 |
Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Lemmon Valley (Nevada, United States). Climbing from 5,960 ft asl to 9,564 ft asl, an increase of 3,604 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 222 kt 202 kt min to max 239 kt |
203 | 224 kt | |
| 73.88 % |
Average bank angle 24.4 ° 1.3 ° min to max 53.1 ° |
11.1 | 2.5 ° | |
| 84.57 % |
Average g force 1.16 g 0.54 g min to max 2.04 g |
1.06 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 2,117 fpm -344 fpm min to max 4,217 fpm |
3,083 | 627 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 8,049 ft asl 5,960 ft asl min to max 9,564 ft asl |
5,960 | 9,564 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 5.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 10.9 ° |
8.9 | 2.2 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 |
Enroute descent started 3 miles south of Cold Springs (Nevada, United States). Descent from 9,717 ft asl to 7,656 ft asl, a decrease of 2,061 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 204 kt 139 kt min to max 234 kt |
220 | 139 kt | |
| 98.62 % |
Average bank angle 28.7 ° 0.8 ° min to max 40.7 ° |
0.8 | 1.1 ° | |
| 92.29 % |
Average g force 1.16 g 0.85 g min to max 1.77 g |
0.97 | 1.01 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -1,209 fpm -2,866 fpm min to max 953 fpm |
953 | -2,028 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 8,828 ft asl 7,656 ft asl min to max 9,744 ft asl |
9,717 | 7,656 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -1.8 ° -6.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° |
2.9 | -6.0 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Pitot Heat Switched On at 00:49:22 |
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| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 00:49:55 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:50:12 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 00:50:44 |
Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 2,334 ft agl to 1,432 ft agl. A decrease of 902 ft in 29 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 0 % |
Approach angle 8.0 ° 7.6 ° min to max 8.1 ° Target 3.0 ° |
7.6 | 8.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 136 kt 128 kt min to max 147 kt |
142 | 132 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.7 ° -0.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° |
-0.6 | -0.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° |
1.0 | 0.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.91 g min to max 1.18 g |
1.18 | 0.95 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -1,813 fpm -2,127 fpm min to max -1,153 fpm |
-2,059 | -1,972 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 1,926 ft agl 1,432 ft agl min to max 2,334 ft agl |
2,334 | 1,432 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -5.9 ° -7.4 ° min to max -3.0 ° |
-5.4 | -7.4 ° |
Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,398 ft agl to 921 ft agl. A decrease of 477 ft in 14 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 41.08 % |
Approach angle 8.2 ° 8.1 ° min to max 8.3 ° Target 3.0 ° |
8.1 | 8.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 134 kt 131 kt min to max 137 kt |
131 | 135 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.6 ° -0.6 ° min to max -0.6 ° |
-0.6 | -0.6 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° |
0.9 | 0.2 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.98 g 0.90 g min to max 1.05 g |
1.05 | 0.90 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -2,036 fpm -2,176 fpm min to max -1,922 fpm |
-2,001 | -2,176 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 1,164 ft agl 921 ft agl min to max 1,398 ft agl |
1,398 | 921 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -7.4 ° -7.9 ° min to max -6.8 ° |
-6.8 | -7.6 ° | |
| Info |
GPWS Warning Activated at 00:51:53 |
Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 882 ft agl to 415 ft agl. A decrease of 467 ft in 11 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 53.7 % |
Approach angle 8.1 ° 7.7 ° min to max 8.3 ° Target 3.0 ° |
8.3 | 7.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 138 kt 133 kt min to max 141 kt |
135 | 133 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.6 ° -0.7 ° min to max -0.5 ° |
-0.7 | -0.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 1.9 ° 0.1 ° min to max 2.8 ° |
2.8 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.98 g 0.90 g min to max 1.04 g |
0.90 | 1.01 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -2,322 fpm -2,382 fpm min to max -2,259 fpm |
-2,312 | -2,382 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 634 ft agl 415 ft agl min to max 882 ft agl |
882 | 415 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -6.8 ° -8.0 ° min to max -6.2 ° |
-8.0 | -6.4 ° |
Approaching runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 376 ft agl to 136 ft agl. A decrease of 240 ft in 6 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 74.74 % |
Approach angle 7.3 ° 7.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° Target 3.0 ° |
7.6 | 7.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 134 kt 133 kt min to max 137 kt |
134 | 133 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
-0.2 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.02 g 0.96 g min to max 1.08 g |
1.00 | 1.02 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -2,148 fpm -2,383 fpm min to max -1,900 fpm |
-2,383 | -1,900 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 264 ft agl 136 ft agl min to max 376 ft agl |
376 | 136 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -5.8 ° -6.7 ° min to max -4.6 ° |
-5.9 | -5.5 ° |
Landing on runway 08 at KRTS Reno/Stead, runway length 2,240 m. Threshold height at 137 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 134 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 25.34 % |
Threshold speed was excessively high at 134 kt. Target 95 kt |
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| 0 % |
Target 50 ft agl |
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| 0 % |
Landing and flare profile |
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| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
0.1 | 0.0 ° | |
| 95.93 % |
Average bank angle 2.5 ° 0.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° |
2.8 | 3.2 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.07 g 1.00 g min to max 1.26 g |
1.04 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 121 kt 106 kt min to max 134 kt |
134 | 106 kt | |
| Info |
Average VSI -446 fpm -1,840 fpm min to max 21 fpm |
-1,840 | 21 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 37 ft agl 25 ft agl min to max 137 ft agl |
137 | 26 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 1.8 ° -5.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° |
-5.0 | 4.4 ° | |
| Info |
GPWS Warning Deactivated at 00:52:19 |
Touchdown point was 493 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 106 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at 21 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 8 kt at 133 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Touchdown VSI was 21 fpm. |
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| 0 % |
Touchdown distance was 915 m Target 457 m |
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| 100 % |
Speed at touchdown 106 kt Target below 96 kt |
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| 100 % |
Runway alignment max 2.15 m 1.59 m left |
0.91 | 2.15 m | |
| 90.69 % |
Average bank angle 1.9 ° 1.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° |
3.2 | 1.6 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.12 g 1.00 g min to max 1.19 g |
1.00 | 1.10 g | |
| 80 % |
Landing Bounce |
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| Info |
Average speed 105 kt 104 kt min to max 106 kt |
106 | 104 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 4.6 ° 4.1 ° min to max 5.5 ° |
4.4 | 5.5 ° |
Total landing distance 1,373 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.2 m from centreline.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Landing distance 1,373 m 61 % of runway. |
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| 81.34 % |
Runway alignment max 13.35 m 5.18 m left to 8.17 m right |
2.28 | -8.11 m | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.90 g min to max 1.08 g |
1.08 | 0.97 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 103 kt 68 kt min to max 110 kt |
110 | 68 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 4.3 ° 1.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° |
5.6 | 1.0 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 1.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° |
1.8 | 0.9 ° |
Exiting runway, average speed 29 kt
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 26 kt 0 kt min to max 51 kt |
51 | 0 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 0.8 ° 0.7 ° min to max 0.9 ° |
0.8 | 0.9 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
0.1 | 0.1 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.95 g min to max 1.00 g |
0.95 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:52:55 |
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| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 00:52:56 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:52:59 |
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| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 00:53:00 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:53:05 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 00:53:19 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 00:53:22 |
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| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 00:53:23 |
The PC-21 aircraft successfully landed at KRTS Reno/Stead, concluding the training exercise with a performance score of 74.8%. The approach to the runway began at a distance of 3 nautical miles and an altitude of 2,334 feet above ground level (agl), heading 96.0°.
Upon reaching the runway 08 threshold, the aircraft failed to meet expectations in terms of height and speed, touching down at an altitude of 137 feet agl, which is 1,197 feet above the target, and with a speed of 134 knots, exceeding the desired threshold speed. This indicates a slightly aggressive approach, which could have been prevented with a more gradual descent.
After touching down, the aircraft continued to travel 493 meters down the runway, which is 493 meters beyond the intended touchdown zone. The landing speed of 106 knots, also known as V touchdown, was faster than the recommended threshold speed, resulting in increased friction and potential for higher runway wear. However, the touchdown rate of 21 feet per minute (fpm) was precise, ensuring a controlled descent.
Local weather conditions, including a temperature of 25 °C and winds of 8 knots at a direction of 133°, had a moderate impact on the approach. A crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 6 knots contributed to a total wind speed of 11 knots, though still relatively light.
Upon completing the landing, the aircraft traveled a total distance of 1,373 meters down the runway, accounting for 61% of the available runway length. This moderate landing distance was partially affected by the runway rollout alignment, which deviated by 8.2 meters from the centerline.
These results reflect an opportunity for the pilot to improve their approach-to-landing performance, with a focus on achieving smoother and more controlled descents. Addressing the high touchdown speed and excessive deviation from threshold height may be necessary, though the pilot demonstrated a good understanding of touch-down rate control, as indicated by the precise touchdown rate.
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