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EDNY
Friedrichshafen, Germany
Runway 06
Elevation1,348 ft asl
Weight64,433 kg
Fuel4,399 kg
Wind167° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.65 %
LSGG
Geneva, Switzerland
Runway 22
Elevation1,388 ft asl
Weight62,572 kg
Fuel2,427 kg
Wind9° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
7 Sep 2026 0:47 186 nm Airbus A320neo 1,972 kg
Departure Score
97.08 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
92.88 %

What went well

Touchdown 213 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 33 ft and 134 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 0.61 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 394 fpm, −1.25 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.63
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 394 fpm−0.59
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.42 G at contact−0.03
Arrival Taxi — Landing Lights at 1 %, peak speed in a turn 20 kt at 75 %, −1.01 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −0.97 points

Next time

Departure

Hold the nose down until the speed reaches 144 kt, then rotate.

What happened: You started the rotation at 118 kt, 26 kt before the 144 kt rotation speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 144 kt at rotation

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Begin raising the nose earlier, by 11 ft, so the flare has time to arrest the sink before touchdown.

What happened: The flare began late at 3.5 ft, 7.8 ft below the normal band, and a late flare like this usually leaves too little time to arrest the sink before touchdown.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude and start the flare in the normal band, around 11 ft.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 22 kt0 kt min to max 28 kt 2 8 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.4 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.0 0.5 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 12 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 12 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 12 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 12 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 12 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 06 at EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport, Average speed was 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 12 kt 7 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 85.38Departure roll runway 06 at EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport. Takeoff distance 823 m 40 % of runway. Rotation speed was 118 kt. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 1 kt at 166 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 823 m40 % of runway
77 % Rotation speed was 118 ktTarget 144 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.34 m left2.34 m left to 0.00 m left 1.97 0.98 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 6.5 ° 0.1 6.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 06 EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 145 kt137 kt min to max 152 kt 137 152 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.01 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 566 fpm242 fpm min to max 1,051 fpm 242 1,051 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl 0 53 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °6.6 ° min to max 9.3 ° 6.6 9.3 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 144 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 06 EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 156 kt152 kt min to max 168 kt 152 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.01 g min to max 1.16 g 1.10 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 1,452 fpm1,066 fpm min to max 2,753 fpm 1,066 2,753 fpm
Info Average altitude 115 ft agl54 ft agl min to max 403 ft agl 54 403 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °9.3 ° min to max 14.1 ° 9.3 14.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 180 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 180 ft agl · 166 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 06 EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 166 kt164 kt min to max 168 ktTarget 170 kt, 4 kt slow 168 164 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up at 138 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average VSI 3,622 fpm3,085 fpm min to max 3,931 fpm 3,085 3,931 fpm
Info Average altitude 701 ft agl457 ft agl min to max 956 ft agl 457 956 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.2 °14.3 ° min to max 16.1 ° 14.4 16.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of Meckenbeuren (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Climbing from 2,385 ft asl to 17,620 ft asl, an increase of 15,235 ft in 6 minutes and covering 24 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 226 kt155 kt min to max 282 kt 162 282 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.6 °0.0 ° min to max 28.9 ° 0.4 11.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 2,894 fpm1,188 fpm min to max 4,091 fpm 3,973 2,662 fpm
Info Average altitude 9,690 ft asl2,385 ft asl min to max 17,620 ft asl 2,385 17,620 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.0 °4.1 ° min to max 17.0 ° 16.3 5.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,246 ft agl · 168 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Owingen (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) and lasted 6 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,381 ft of 17,620 ft asl17,620 ft asl min to max 17,620 ft asl 17,620 17,620 ft asl
100 % Average speed 282 kt282 kt min to max 282 kt 282 282 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °11.7 ° min to max 11.7 ° 11.7 11.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.01 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °5.7 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 5.7 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Owingen (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Climbing from 17,620 ft asl to 25,594 ft asl, an increase of 7,974 ft in 5 minutes and covering 30 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 279 kt267 kt min to max 282 kt 282 267 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 11.7 18.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,926 fpm-16 fpm min to max 2,662 fpm 2,662 -3 fpm
Info Average altitude 20,567 ft asl17,620 ft asl min to max 25,597 ft asl 17,620 25,594 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.2 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 23,372 ft agl · 410 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 23,372 ft agl · 410 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Hallau (Kanton Schaffhausen, Switzerland) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,780 ft of 25,600 ft asl25,553 ft asl min to max 25,615 ft asl 25,594 25,553 ft asl
100 % Average speed 247 kt239 kt min to max 267 kt 267 241 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 19.3 ° 18.6 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °1.8 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.4 1.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 24,343 ft agl · 355 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Rothrist (Kanton Aargau, Switzerland). Descent from 25,393 ft asl to 2,688 ft asl, a decrease of 22,705 ft in 21 minutes and covering 92 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 205 kt144 kt min to max 242 kt 241 145 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 13.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,023 fpm-2,074 fpm min to max 8 fpm -984 -859 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,012 ft asl2,688 ft asl min to max 25,393 ft asl 25,393 2,688 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-1.6 ° min to max 4.7 ° 1.7 1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 22,857 ft agl · 351 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 18,900 ft agl · 306 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 18,883 ft agl · 306 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 18,800 ft agl · 305 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 18,783 ft agl · 305 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 10,887 ft agl · 269 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 10,170 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 10,170 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 10,034 ft agl · 277 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 6,167 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5,880 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 5,880 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 5,956 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5,826 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4,165 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,942 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,902 ft agl · 225 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,656 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 2,597 ft agl · 177 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 22 at LSGG Geneva Cointrin International Airport. Descent from 1,343 ft agl to 25 ft agl in 108 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 509 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,104 ft agl · 146 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 430 ft agl · 142 kt
Arrival Landing 88.82Landing on runway 22 at LSGG Geneva Cointrin International Airport, runway length 3,892 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 134 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 134 kt. Target 135 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
55 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 213 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.36 m left2.36 m left to 1.34 m left 2.36 1.34 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °1.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average speed 133 kt132 kt min to max 134 kt 134 132 kt
Info Average VSI -652 fpm-662 fpm min to max -616 fpm -656 -616 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 33 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °3.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 3.0 4.5 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.66Touchdown distance was good at 212 m. Touchdown speed at 132 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -394 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 23 °C. Wind 1 kt at 3 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Touchdown rate was -394 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 213 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 132 ktTarget below 134 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.34 m left1.07 m left 1.34 0.61 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.6 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.7 °
90 % Average g force 1.13 g1.06 g min to max 1.42 g 1.06 1.09 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 131 kt131 kt min to max 132 kt 132 131 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °4.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 4.5 4.3 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 14 ft agl · 136 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,012 m, 26 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,012 m26 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.84 m right0.00 m left to 3.84 m right -2.68 -2.11 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.08 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 126 kt74 kt min to max 136 kt 136 74 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-1.1 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.4 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 30 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 32 kt4 kt min to max 69 kt 69 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.7 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 84.93Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 19 kt6 kt min to max 27 kt 23 10 kt
75 % Average speed turning corners 19 ktmax 20 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.7 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 12 ft agl · 9 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 118 kt, 26 kt below the 144 kt target, and lifted off at 136 kt 3.9 s later, the nose coming up at 1.5° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 170 kt target, at 166 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 170180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 1446.6° off · 1.5°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 12 kt 0.1° 0 s
80 kt360 m 80 kt 0.0° 14.4 s
Rotate745 m · target 144 118 kt 0.8° 21.6 s
Liftoff1,011 m · +18 kt from rotation 136 kt 6.6° 25.5 s
35 ft1,273 m · 3.4 s after liftoff 149 kt 8.9° 28.9 s
Gear up1,609 m · 138 ft · full marks to 400 ft 159 kt 9.9° 33.8 s
Climb 32,303 m · 458 ft to 957 ft · target 170 166 kt avg 14.4° 41.2 s
End of Climb 33,000 m · 957 ft 164 kt 16.1° 49.4 s

Takeoff from EDNY 06

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
823m40 %
Rotation speed76.92
118kttarget 144, 26 slow
Liftoff speed
136kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.34m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
138ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
166kttarget 170
Rate of climb100.00
566fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 957 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 992 m of runway left; gear up at 138 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,400 fpm on average to 957 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3166 kt avgtarget 170THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 118 kttarget 144Liftoff 136 ktGear up 138 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,083 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 2.4 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.35 m LAirborne 829 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 829 m of 2,083 m · 40 %
Takeoff roll, 829 m Left ahead, 1,254 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate970 fpm340 fpm
On glideslope3.1°2.4°
On centreline0.1° off
On speed+7.0 kt+0.3 kt
Wings level2° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LSGG 22

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 150 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3525462821791,000 ft gate7 of 71,072 ft · 142 kt500 ft gate7 of 7435 ft · 135 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 28× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 13 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR34 m L034 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 m L12 m L10 m L5 m L8 m L1 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +10 kt on the approach speed of 135 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 135+10 kt−0 kt+0 kt+1 kt−1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LSGG 22

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed100.00
134kttarget 135, 1 slow
Centreline offset100.00
2.36m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
213m
Centreline100.00
1.34m L
Speed100.00
131kttarget 134 or less
Touchdown rate55.71
-394fpm
Impact90.29
1.42G
BouncesOk
None
The flare55.30

The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 213 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 009° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 138 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 22 s, an average deceleration of 0.26 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 905 m30 kt · 1,015 mtouchdown1,055 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 3 ft. Touched down 213 m in, 92 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 3 ft · −605 fpm · 4.2° · 132 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −522 fpm · 4.5°−393 fpm · 4.5° nose up · 132 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 33 ft, down at 213 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 600 fpm at the flare to 390 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−393 fpm at touchdown4.5° at touchdown, +0.3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,892 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.3 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 213 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 213 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 393 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 957 m of 3,892 m · 25 %
In the air over the runway, 213 mRollout, 744 m Left over, 2,935 m
Rollout distance100.00
744m25 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.84m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 06 at EDNY Friedrichshafen Airport in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 06, the Aer Lingus A32-251N accelerated over a takeoff distance of 823 m, representing 40 % of the runway, and lifted off at 137 kt; ambient temperature was 22 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 166°, a cross-wind component of 1 kt and no head-wind.

The first en-route climb commenced 1 mile south-west of Meckenbeuren, Germany, climbing from 2,385 ft asl to 17,620 ft asl - a gain of 15,235 ft - in 6 minutes while covering 24 nm.

A brief level cruise began 1 mile north-west of Owingen, Germany, lasting 6 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.

The second climb started 1 mile north-west of Owingen, climbing from 17,620 ft asl to 25,594 ft asl - an increase of 7,974 ft - in 5 minutes and traversing 30 nm.

A subsequent level cruise was flown overhead Hallau, Switzerland, for 5 minutes and a distance of 32 nm.

Descent operations began overhead Rothrist, Switzerland, descending from 25,393 ft asl to 2,688 ft asl - a loss of 22,705 ft - in 21 minutes while covering 92 nm.

The final approach to runway 22 at LSGG Geneva Cointrin International Airport was conducted from the north-east, on a heading of 225.0° at 4 nm and 1,286 ft agl.

Landing on runway 22, which is 3,892 m long, was achieved with a threshold speed slightly above target at 134 kt; touchdown occurred 212 m down the runway at 132 kt, with a heavy touchdown rate of minus 616 fpm and perfect runway-touchdown alignment. Local weather reported a temperature of 23 °C, wind 1 kt from 3°, a cross-wind of 1 kt and a tail-wind component of 1 kt. The total landing distance was 1,012 m, representing 26 % of the runway.

Runway rollout alignment was very good, completing the landing roll within the calculated distance.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 186 nm, lasted 47 minutes, and consumed 1,972 kg of fuel.

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