Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 161 kt.
What happened: Climb speed was 128 kt against a target of 161 kt, running 33 kt slow through the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 161 kt.
Arrival
Take the power back earlier on final, so the aircraft settles onto the path and the speed comes back to 94 kt together. Do not push down for the height: that only adds speed.
What happened: You crossed the threshold at 84 ft agl, 34 ft agl above the 50 ft agl target, and at 142 kt, 48 kt over the 94 kt threshold speed. High and fast together is energy the runway has to absorb, and this touchdown came 675 m beyond the aim point.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 94 kt on short final, then 50 ft agl over the threshold
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 17 stages, 16 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 81 kt, 10 kt below the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 89 kt 2.3 s later, the nose coming up at 4.0° a second. Climb 3 averaged 128 kt, 33 kt under its 161 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 966 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,977 m of runway left; gear up at 167 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,720 fpm on average to 966 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,745 m runway.
Rolled from 32 m in, drifted 4.6 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 19 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare held the target profile well. Crossing the threshold 48 kt above target, the flare began at 7 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 1,132 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 103 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.52 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 84 ft, 34 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 7 ft. Touched down 1,132 m in, 827 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 410 fpm at the flare to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.4° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,812 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 10 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 12 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 1,132 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport, a movement that required 9 minutes and covered 5 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 21, the OV-10 Bronco used a takeoff distance of 541 m, representing 20 % of the runway, and achieved liftoff at 90 kt; ambient temperature was 15 °C.
The initial climb began overhead KGCN, ascending from 7,293 ft asl to 8,400 ft asl, a gain of 1,107 ft in 1 minute while covering 4 nm.
A level cruise segment started 2 mi northwest of Tusayan, lasting 2 minutes and spanning 6 nm.
A subsequent climb commenced 3 mi northeast of Grand Canyon, raising the aircraft from 8,653 ft asl to 9,811 ft asl, an increase of 1,158 ft over 2 minutes and 6 nm.
The first descent began 10 mi northeast of Grand Canyon, descending from 9,816 ft asl to 7,968 ft asl, a loss of 1,848 ft in 3 minutes while covering 14 nm.
A second cruise phase started 11 mi east of KGRM Devil’s Track Airport, lasting 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
The next climb originated 12 mi southwest of Bitter Springs, climbing from 8,277 ft asl to 11,169 ft asl, a rise of 2,892 ft in 5 minutes across 18 nm.
A further descent began 3 mi south of L41 Marble Canyon, dropping from 11,062 ft asl to 4,331 ft asl, a decrease of 6,731 ft in 4 minutes and covering 16 nm.
On final approach to runway 33 at KPGA Page Municipal Airport, the aircraft descended from 1,227 ft agl to 89 ft agl in 15 seconds and was scored on the stabilisation gates.
Landing on runway 33, whose length is 1,814 m, the threshold height of 84 ft agl was significantly above target and the threshold speed was high at 142 kt. Touchdown occurred beyond the midpoint of the runway, using more than 50 % of the available length, with a touchdown speed of 96 kt and a touchdown rate of minus 41 fpm. The touchdown point was offset 10.3 m from the centreline; local weather reported a temperature of 23 °C, wind 4 kt from 280°, a crosswind component of 4 kt and a headwind component of 1 kt.
The rollout distance measured 1,332 m, representing 73 % of the runway, and the aircraft’s path after touchdown was misaligned by 12.5 m from the centreline.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, a movement that took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 79 nm, required 24 minutes of flight time, and consumed 120 kg of fuel.
Scroll or drag the slider to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values