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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.
What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 18°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.
Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.
Arrival
Steepen the descent on final to bring the aircraft back down to the glideslope and cross the threshold at 50 ft.
What happened: The approach was flown off the glideslope, and crossing the threshold high like this usually carries the touchdown long.
Watch for: Watch the VASI or PAPI glideslope indication against the threshold crossing height of 50 ft.
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 21 stages, 20 in the score
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4 landings
The flight is kept as it was recorded: it ends when the engine is shut down, so a landing with the rotors turning is a stop along the way, not a new flight.
| # | Where | Into flight | Touchdown | Ground speed | Sideways | On the ground |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | KSGU · St George Regional Airport | 22:36 | 42 ft/min | 0.0 kt | 0.0 kt | 0:16 |
| 2 | KSGU · St George Regional Airport | 29:00 | 37 ft/min | 3.9 kt | 2.8 kt | 0:07 |
| 3 | KSGU · St George Regional Airport | 29:24 | 67 ft/min | 0.0 kt | 0.0 kt | 0:52 |
| 4 | 1L8 · General Dick Stout Field | 48:56 | 24 ft/min | 0.0 kt | 0.0 kt | End of flight |
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 89 kt, on the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 93 kt 1.4 s later, the nose coming up at 6.6° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 161 kt target, at 159 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 512 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,957 m of runway left; gear up at 10 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,000 fpm on average to 512 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,745 m runway.
Rolled from 44 m in, drifted 12 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 300 ft gate: glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3°.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: no landing flap until 1.1 nm, banked until 0.9 nm, high until 0.3 nm, left of the centreline from 0.8 nm and slow from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
High from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm (up to 150 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 316 m right of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside it from 1.1 to 0.8 nm, then 33 m left of it from 0.8 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 24 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 14 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −14 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 2 kt · 1 kt head · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 93 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.40 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 64 ft, 14 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 373 m in, 68 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 860 fpm at the flare to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.8° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,745 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.4 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.7 m right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 373 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The OV-10 Bronco taxied from the parking area to runway 21 at KGCN Grand Canyon National Park Airport in 4 minutes, covering approximately 1 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 21, the aircraft used 622 m of runway, representing 23 % of the available length, and lifted off at 93 kt; ambient temperature was 16 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 2 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt head-wind component.
The initial climb began overhead KGCN, climbing from 7,149 ft asl to 7,940 ft asl, an increase of 790 ft in less than 1 minute while covering 1 nm.
A level cruise segment started 1 mile west of KGCN, lasted 2 minutes and spanned 6 nm.
The first descent commenced 3 miles west of Grand Canyon Village, descending from 7,511 ft asl to 3,699 ft asl, a loss of 3,812 ft in 2 minutes over 4 nm.
A subsequent cruise phase originated 3 miles northwest of Grand Canyon Village, persisted for 2 minutes and covered 4 nm.
The next climb started 2 miles northeast of Grand Canyon, climbing from 3,333 ft asl to 8,431 ft asl, an increase of 5,098 ft in 5 minutes while traveling 13 nm.
A following descent began 9 miles southeast of KGRM Devil’s Track Airport, descending from 8,258 ft asl to 3,593 ft asl, a decrease of 4,664 ft in 2 minutes across 6 nm.
A cruise segment then started 13 miles southeast of KGRM, lasted 3 minutes and covered 12 nm.
The next climb originated 16 miles east of Grand Canyon, climbing from 3,124 ft asl to 8,837 ft asl, an increase of 5,712 ft in 5 minutes over 18 nm.
A further cruise began 3 miles east of Grand Canyon, lasted 2 minutes and spanned 5 nm.
The third descent started 1 mile southeast of Grand Canyon Village, descending from 8,480 ft asl to 7,040 ft asl, a loss of 1,440 ft in 2 minutes while covering 4 nm.
Final approach to runway 21 at KGCN was executed from the north-east on a heading of 222.0°, entering the approach at 1 nm and 497 ft agl; the aircraft then descended from 717 ft agl to 161 ft agl in 48 seconds and met the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing on runway 21, whose total length is 2,743 m, the aircraft touched down 366 m from the threshold at 83 kt with a vertical speed of minus 228 fpm; the touchdown point was 4.9 m off centreline, the threshold height of 62 ft agl was above target and the threshold speed of 84 kt was slightly below target. Local weather at landing was 15 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 270°, a 2 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt head-wind component.
Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good, and the total landing distance recorded was 602 m, representing 22 % of the runway.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 78 nm, lasted 27 minutes, and consumed 137 kg of fuel.
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