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CYKZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 21
Elevation636 ft asl
Weight2,894 lbs
Fuel329 lbs
Wind309° · 7 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

96.41 %
CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight2,887 lbs
Fuel322 lbs
9 Mar 2023 0:08 13 nm Beechcraft A36 Bonanza 7 lbs
Departure Score
99.89 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
88.72 %

What went well

Touched down at -51 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 754 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 5.1 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 30 %, Landing and flare profile at 37 %, −2.26 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.1 ° at 48 %, Heading variation 0.0 ° at 86 %, −0.98 points
Arrival Final 2 — bank angle up to 8.0 ° at 84 %, Approach angle 4.4 ° at 88 %, −0.45 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.

Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Start to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kn0 kn min to max 13 kn 0 11 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 knmax 9 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -1.0 -2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.0 0.5 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 21 at CYKZ Toronto\/Buttonville Mun. Takeoff distance 2,278 ft 85 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 82 kn. Local weather - Temperature 28 °F. Wind 7 kn at 308 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Tailwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
62 % Takeoff distance 2,278 ft85 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 82 knTarget 84 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 6.0 ft4.5 ft left to 1.4 ft right 4.5 -0.5 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-2.1 ° min to max 5.7 ° -2.1 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.7 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 99.45Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 CYKZ Toronto\/Buttonville Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn82 kn min to max 93 kn 82 93 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.9 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.99 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 612 ft/m354 ft/m min to max 846 ft/m 354 846 ft/m
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °6.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 6.0 11.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 CYKZ Toronto\/Buttonville Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -1.0 °
100 % Average speed 97 kn93 kn min to max 113 kn 93 113 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 1,123 ft/m858 ft/m min to max 1,647 ft/m 858 1,623 ft/m
Info Average altitude 114 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 375 ft agl 53 375 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °9.4 ° min to max 12.3 ° 11.8 10.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 81 ft agl · 93 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 CYKZ Toronto\/Buttonville Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.9 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 134 kn114 kn min to max 148 kn 114 141 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.79 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 656 ft/m-197 ft/m min to max 1,828 ft/m 1,633 344 ft/m
Info Average altitude 833 ft agl394 ft agl min to max 991 ft agl 394 991 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °0.3 ° min to max 10.5 ° 10.5 2.1 °
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Bayview Woods-Steeles (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,640 ft asl1,638 ft asl min to max 1,641 ft asl 1,638 1,641 ft asl
100 % Average speed 141 kn140 kn min to max 141 kn 140 140 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 0.93 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.1 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.6 1.3 °
Arrival 92.42Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile north of Bayview Woods-Steeles (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 142 kn105 kn min to max 167 kn 141 105 kn
83 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 35.0 ° 0.2 7.0 °
96 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.32 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -204 ft/m-1,409 ft/m min to max 1,355 ft/m 17 -948 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,823 ft asl787 ft asl min to max 2,542 ft asl 1,641 787 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-4.6 ° min to max 6.9 ° 2.0 -3.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Battery Master Off 1,656 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Battery Master On 1,671 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 923 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 810 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 567 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival Final 2 93.24Approaching runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 522 ft agl to 478 ft agl. A decrease of 45 ft in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Approach angle 4.4 °4.4 ° min to max 4.5 °Target 3.0 ° 4.5 4.4 °
100 % Average speed 100 kn98 kn min to max 103 kn 103 98 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °0.8 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.8 °
84 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.3 ° min to max 8.0 ° 8.0 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -904 ft/m-939 ft/m min to max -855 ft/m -936 -939 ft/m
Info Average altitude 500 ft agl478 ft agl min to max 522 ft agl 522 478 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-4.2 ° min to max -2.6 ° -2.9 -4.2 °
11.251.51.752400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-150-113-75-3803875113150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 85.32Approaching runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 459 ft agl to 18 ft agl. A decrease of 441 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
48 % Approach angle 2.1 °1.0 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.3 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn79 kn min to max 96 kn 96 79 kn
86 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 -0.1 °
93 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.3 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 0.94 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -596 ft/m-1,232 ft/m min to max -348 ft/m -1,049 -348 ft/m
Info Average altitude 86 ft agl18 ft agl min to max 459 ft agl 459 18 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-5.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° -4.7 2.4 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-130-98-65-330336598130Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 66.13Landing on runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre, runway length 3,989 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 79 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 79 kn. Target 75 kn
37 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.6 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 72 kn64 kn min to max 79 kn 79 64 kn
Info Average VSI -164 ft/m-345 ft/m min to max -52 ft/m -345 -52 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 13 ft agl 13 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.5 ° min to max 5.8 ° 2.5 5.7 °
025050075001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500750-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 99.64Touchdown distance was good at 747 ft. Touchdown speed at 64 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -51 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 33 °F. Wind 7 kn at 300 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.9 % Touchdown VSI was -51 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 747 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 64 knTarget 65 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 5.5 ft5.3 ft right -5.5 -5.1 ft
95 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g1.00 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 64 kn63 kn min to max 64 kn 64 63 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °4.8 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 4.8 °
Arrival Rollout 99.30Total landing distance 1,728 ft, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,728 ft43 % of runway.
98 % Runway alignment max 6.5 ft0.0 ft left to 6.5 ft right -5.0 -4.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average speed 53 kn38 kn min to max 57 kn 57 38 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-2.3 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.8 -2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 50 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 21 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn13 kn min to max 30 kn 30 13 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.4 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 1.00 g

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 20 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 81 kt with 6.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.0° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 15 kt -2.1° 0 s
Liftoff991 ft 81 kt 6.0° 10.6 s
35 ft1,562 ft · 3.7 s after liftoff 92 kt 10.7° 14.4 s
End of Climb 317,819 ft · 991 ft 141 kt 2.1° 87 s

Takeoff from CYKZ 21

Takeoff roll100.00
1,260ft47 %
Liftoff speed100.00
81kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.5ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.45
611fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 991 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 856 ft of runway left; then climbing at 780 fpm on average to 991 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 81 ktSCALE CHANGES2.5 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,695 ft runway.

Rolled from 277 ft in, never more than 5 ft off the centreline, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 47 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS7 kn75 %widest 4.5 ft LROLL 277 FT INAirborne 1,269 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,269 ft of 2,695 ft · 47 %
Behind the start of the roll, 277 ftTakeoff roll, 991 ft Left ahead, 1,426 ft

The approach to CYTZ 26

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 490 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,079839549229
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 4,280 ft right of the centreline at 2.3 nm, then inside it from 1.2 to 1.0 nm, then drifted 110 ft left between 1.0 and 0.5 nm, then inside the band from 0.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2937 ft R831 ft R110 ft L40 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYTZ 26

Over the threshold

Threshold height29.62
13ft
Threshold speed98.37
79kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
754ft
Centreline99.46
5.5ft R
Speed100.00
64kt
Touchdown rate99.86
-51fpm
Impact100.00
1.03G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 58 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.11 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 1,049 fttouchdown1,091 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 3,989 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 13 ft, 37 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 754 ft in, 246 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,989 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

13 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −51 fpm · 5.8° nose up · 65 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 13 ft, down at 754 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 290 fpm at 16 ft to 50 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−51 fpm at touchdown5.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,989 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 6 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 754 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 754 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,681 ft of 3,989 ft · 42 %
In the air over the runway, 754 ftRollout, 927 ft Left over, 2,308 ft
Rollout distance100.00
927ft42 % used
Rollout alignment98.44
6.5ft R

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