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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 26 kt fast at 196 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb
Arrival
Stop the rotation once the sink is arrested at 0.7 ft, holding the normal landing attitude instead of continuing to pull back.
What happened: The flare pitch reached 2.5°, well above this type's ground attitude, and touchdown followed at a sink rate of 637 fpm. Over-rotating the flare like this usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: hold the normal landing attitude once sink is arrested at 0.7 ft.
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 163 kt, 13 kt above the 150 kt target, and lifted off at 176 kt 2.9 s later, the nose coming up at 1.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 196 kt, 26 kt over its 170 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 977 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,243 m of runway left; gear up at 418 ft, 18 ft past the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 3,620 fpm on average to 977 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,911 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 5.4 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 46 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 1.0 nm, about 370 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 190 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 64 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.3 nm, then slow to 1.0 nm (up to −9 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. Pitch reached 9.2° at touchdown, well above this aircraft's ground attitude. Touchdown was 216 m past the threshold. That is tail strike territory - stop the rotation once the sink is arrested.
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 131 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, 2° of bank.
Wind 060° at 10 kt · 9 kt tail · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 138 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 25 s, an average deceleration of 0.23 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare high, at 46 ft, 22 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 216 m in, 89 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 940 fpm at the flare to 640 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,882 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 6.4 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 6.7 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 216 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.77 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320neo taxied to runway 08R at EGKK London Gatwick Airport and departed, using 1,345 m of runway (46 % of runway). Rotation occurred at 163 kt. Local weather was 16 °C, wind 7 kt from 060°, with a 2 kt cross-wind and a 7 kt head-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 14 seconds, averaging 2,730 fpm and reaching 193 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 1,275 ft asl to 5,345 ft asl in 2 minutes while covering 6 nm, starting overhead EGKK.
Descent from 5,329 ft asl to 4,687 ft asl took 2 minutes over 7 nm, beginning 1 mile east of Lingfield. Level flight at 4,400 ft asl continued for 3 minutes, covering 12 nm, starting 1 mile south-west of Hildenborough.
A series of three short climbs, descents and level legs between 4,000 ft asl and 5,500 ft asl lasted 5 minutes and covered 20 nm, from overhead Maidstone to overhead Rainham. A climb from 4,095 ft asl to 5,431 ft asl took 3 minutes over 15 nm, starting 1 mile west of Allhallows. Level flight at 5,400 ft asl continued for 14 minutes, covering 61 nm, starting 1 mile north of Rochford.
Descent from 5,798 ft asl to 1,509 ft asl took 6 minutes over 17 nm, beginning 1 mile east of Croydon. The final approach to runway 26L at EGKK began with a descent from 1,327 ft agl to 55 ft agl in 94 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 3,575 ft agl, 177 kt; final flap position 4 at 2,471 ft agl, 145 kt.
Landing on runway 26L (runway length 2,882 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 132 kt. The flare was poor, with the nose raised too far. Touchdown occurred at 215 m from the threshold, speed 131 kt, with a heavy rate of -637 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 6.4 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 978 m (34 % of runway) and rollout alignment was very good.
Local weather at landing was 14 °C, wind 10 kt from 060°, with a 3 kt cross-wind and a 9 kt tail-wind. The flight covered 144 nm in 37 minutes and used 580 kg of fuel.
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