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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

90.56 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight993 kg
Fuel72 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
26 Mar 2024 0:08 6 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
94.05 %
Enroute Score
97.58 %
Arrival Score
73.45 %

What went well

Touchdown 289 m in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 645 m — 30 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 8.9 ° at 14 %, Speed at touchdown 74 kn at 23 %, −4.10 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kn. at 17 %, g force 0.95 to 1.57 g at 82 %, −3.32 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 6.6 ° at 71 %, bank angle up to 10.9 ° at 79 %, −1.43 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 12 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 89.78Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 62 knTarget 62 kn
49 % Runway alignment max 18.11 m17.07 m left to 1.04 m right -1.04 12.51 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.3 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.2 3.2 °
Departure Climb 1 96.75Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 64 kn62 kn min to max 65 kn 62 65 kn
88 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 3.5 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.80 g min to max 1.21 g 1.08 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 638 ft/m370 ft/m min to max 745 ft/m 370 663 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °3.3 ° min to max 10.0 ° 3.3 7.5 °
Departure Climb 2 98.24Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° -0.2 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 67 kn62 kn min to max 78 kn 65 66 kn
94 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.3 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.7 3.5 °
97 % Average g force 1.00 g0.69 g min to max 1.24 g 0.99 0.88 g
Info Average VSI 729 ft/m-240 ft/m min to max 1,603 ft/m 662 1,104 ft/m
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl 44 380 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °-0.6 ° min to max 14.0 ° 7.5 8.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 187 ft agl · 73 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.48Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 69 kn54 kn min to max 78 kn 66 54 kn
77 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 10.6 ° 2.6 10.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.18 g 0.87 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 870 ft/m168 ft/m min to max 1,690 ft/m 892 1,066 ft/m
Info Average altitude 644 ft agl393 ft agl min to max 977 ft agl 393 977 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °2.3 ° min to max 14.8 ° 6.2 11.5 °
Enroute Climb 96.34Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,040 ft asl to 3,647 ft asl, an increase of 1,607 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 79 kn28 kn min to max 113 kn 53 87 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.1 °0.2 ° min to max 33.1 ° 14.2 1.6 °
63 % Average g force 1.05 g0.39 g min to max 1.89 g 0.92 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 542 ft/m-4,470 ft/m min to max 3,353 ft/m 992 1,597 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,512 ft asl1,904 ft asl min to max 3,647 ft asl 2,040 3,647 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °-35.3 ° min to max 36.0 ° 9.0 7.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 1,202 ft agl · 56 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,285 ft agl · 42 kt
Enroute Level 96.39Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.6 % Average altitude 3,739 ft asl3,629 ft asl min to max 4,008 ft asl 3,773 3,792 ft asl
100 % Average speed 102 kn75 kn min to max 119 kn 78 107 kn
93 % Average bank angle 25.1 °1.3 ° min to max 43.4 ° 9.2 2.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.15 g0.80 g min to max 1.39 g 0.94 1.12 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-7.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 9.6 -4.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles south of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,780 ft asl to 2,813 ft asl, a decrease of 967 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn90 kn min to max 107 kn 106 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.5 ° min to max 21.3 ° 0.9 7.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -1,162 ft/m-1,754 ft/m min to max 293 ft/m 293 -1,294 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,271 ft asl2,813 ft asl min to max 3,780 ft asl 3,780 2,813 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.5 °-10.5 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -6.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,826 ft agl · 102 kt
Arrival 99.89Arrival started 3 miles south of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 87 kn78 kn min to max 92 kn 92 90 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.1 °0.2 ° min to max 23.2 ° 5.8 16.0 °
99 % Average g force 0.99 g0.74 g min to max 1.26 g 1.07 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,902 ft/m-2,879 ft/m min to max -490 ft/m -1,248 -2,210 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,178 ft asl1,452 ft asl min to max 2,792 ft asl 2,792 1,452 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -11.8 °-18.2 ° min to max -1.6 ° -5.9 -13.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 87.15Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 344 ft agl to 73 ft agl. A decrease of 272 ft in 7 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Approach angle 6.6 °4.3 ° min to max 9.4 °Target 3.0 ° 9.4 4.3 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn90 kn min to max 92 kn 90 91 kn
88 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °
79 % Average bank angle 4.8 °1.1 ° min to max 10.9 ° 4.9 1.7 °
96 % Average g force 1.10 g0.96 g min to max 1.32 g 0.96 1.32 g
Info Average VSI -2,275 ft/m-2,444 ft/m min to max -1,986 ft/m -2,349 -1,986 ft/m
Info Average altitude 178 ft agl73 ft agl min to max 344 ft agl 344 73 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -12.0 °-14.6 ° min to max -7.2 ° -14.5 -7.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 70.13Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
17 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kn. Target 63 kn
80 % Target 50 ft agl
92 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
89 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 1.7 4.4 °
82 % Average g force 1.07 g0.95 g min to max 1.57 g 1.55 1.21 g
Info Average speed 82 kn74 kn min to max 91 kn 91 74 kn
Info Average VSI -828 ft/m-1,825 ft/m min to max -570 ft/m -1,825 -602 ft/m
Info Average altitude 29 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 64 ft agl 64 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-5.0 ° min to max -1.0 ° -4.8 -1.0 °
07515022530001326385164Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 63.07Touchdown distance was good at 279 m. Touchdown speed at 74 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was heavy at -602 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
42 % Touchdown VSI was -602 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 279 mTarget 457 m
23 % Speed at touchdown 74 knTarget 53 kn
89 % Runway alignment max 6.08 m5.52 m left 4.39 5.07 m
14 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.1 ° min to max 8.9 ° 4.4 1.6 °
78 % Average g force 1.07 g0.72 g min to max 1.64 g 1.21 1.17 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 68 kn60 kn min to max 74 kn 74 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-5.8 ° min to max 3.5 ° -1.0 0.7 °

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll645 m · 30 %
100.00Liftoff speed62 kt
48.89Runway alignment17.07 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
96.75Rate of climb637 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

79.78Threshold height64 ft
16.70Threshold speed90 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.12 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 32

Past threshold100.00
289m
Centreline88.93
5.07m L
Speed23.36
74kt
Touchdown rate41.87
-602fpm
Impact77.71
1.64G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,242 m of the approach.

64 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 64 ft, down at 289 m

Plan view — the full 1,242 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 289 m past threshold CLEARED

The 289 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 289 m of 1,242 m · 23 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
94.05 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 0.5 0
89.78 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 62 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
48.89 %
17.07 m left to 1.04 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
4 2 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
96.75 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
98.78 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 65 60
Bank °
88.21 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 7 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 350 -100
98.24 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
94.32 %
5 2.5 0
G
96.57 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
14 7 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,700 700 -300
95.48 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 65 50
Bank °
77.42 %
11 5.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
15 8.5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,700 850 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000091182273364455 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 73.45 %
Landing Summary

While your aircraft landing score of 73.5% may not have been as high as you had hoped, it's important to remember that every landing provides an opportunity for learning and improvement. Let's break down the different phases of your landing in order to identify areas for growth and development.

During the Approach Phase, it was noted that the descent path was above the glideslope limit and your speed was excessively high. By focusing on maintaining a steady descent path and managing your airspeed effectively, you can improve the overall quality of your approach and set yourself up for a smoother landing.

Moving on to the Landing Phase, it is clear that there were several areas that could be refined. While it's great that you had a good landing flare, it's important to work on keeping the threshold height closer to the target and improving your landing heading. Additionally, ensuring better stability in your bank angles during landing will contribute to a more controlled and precise touchdown.

Finally, in the Touchdown Phase, there were a few key areas that impacted your overall score. A heavy touchdown rate and excessively high speed indicate a need for better control and adjustment during the final moments of landing. Additionally, aiming for a more accurate touchdown distance within the touchdown zone and closer to the runway centerline will help to enhance your overall performance.

Remember, landing an aircraft is a skill that takes time and practice to master. By acknowledging the areas that need improvement and implementing targeted strategies for enhancement, you will be able to elevate your performance and achieve higher scores in future landings. Keep up the hard work and dedication, and you will see progress in no time. Keep pushing yourself to do better, and you will reach your goals. Good luck on your next landing!

87.15 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 344 ft agl to 73 ft agl. A decrease of 272 ft in 7 seconds.
Glideslope
71.43 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
87.6 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
71.43 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
92 91 90
Alignment
87.6 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
78.7 %
11 6 1
G
96 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,986 -2,243 -2,500
00.250.50.751050100150200250300 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
70.13 %
Landing
Landing on runway 32 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 1,242 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kn.
Height
79.78 %
Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
16.7 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 91 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
92.29 %
Great landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
88.51 %
7 3.5 0
G
81.71 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
91 80 70
Pitch °
Info
0 -2 -4
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-570 -1,235 -1,900
07515022530001326385164 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
63.07 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 279 m. Touchdown speed at 74 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was heavy at -602 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
41.87 %
Touchdown rate was heavy at -602 fpm.
Speed
23.36 %
Touchdown speed at 74 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 279 m.
Alignment
88.93 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.1 m from centreline.
Bank
13.98 %
Bank angle 4.8 °
G
77.71 %
G 1.07 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Metrics
Metrics

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