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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

90.31 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
2 Apr 2024 0:08 9 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
96.78 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
67.68 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 35 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 0.69 m off at taxi speed
Airborne in 685 m — 32 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −6.28 points
Arrival Touchdown — bounce at touchdown; Speed at touchdown 86 kn at 0 %, Touchdown VSI was -404 ft/m. at 63 %, −2.72 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 8.2 ° at 0 %, −1.78 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 98.21Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 69 knTarget 62 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 8.87 m3.36 m left to 5.50 m right -1.04 -0.48 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.3 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 97.58Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn69 kn min to max 73 kn 69 73 kn
92 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.5 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.5 4.3 °
95 % Average g force 1.03 g0.80 g min to max 1.34 g 1.12 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 559 ft/m406 ft/m min to max 655 ft/m 406 424 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 0 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °3.3 ° min to max 8.1 ° 3.3 4.5 °
Departure Climb 2 98.26Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.3 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.3 2.5 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn72 kn min to max 82 kn 75 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.3 0.1 °
99 % Average g force 1.05 g0.85 g min to max 1.27 g 1.27 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 788 ft/m322 ft/m min to max 1,076 ft/m 575 529 ft/m
Info Average altitude 146 ft agl59 ft agl min to max 377 ft agl 59 377 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °2.9 ° min to max 10.0 ° 8.6 3.7 °

Events

Info Bounce during liftoff 204 ft agl · 79 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.87Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 2.9 °2.6 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.6 3.1 °
100 % Average speed 93 kn82 kn min to max 101 kn 82 101 kn
99 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 1.04 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 503 ft/m174 ft/m min to max 949 ft/m 550 344 ft/m
Info Average altitude 719 ft agl386 ft agl min to max 983 ft agl 386 983 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °1.2 ° min to max 7.4 ° 5.0 2.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,036 ft asl to 2,780 ft asl, an increase of 744 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 101 kn98 kn min to max 105 kn 101 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 20.9 ° 0.2 16.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.10 g 1.04 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 477 ft/m205 ft/m min to max 754 ft/m 414 512 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,405 ft asl2,036 ft asl min to max 2,780 ft asl 2,036 2,780 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 4.1 ° 2.6 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,824 ft asl2,788 ft asl min to max 2,908 ft asl 2,788 2,908 ft asl
100 % Average speed 104 kn101 kn min to max 108 kn 101 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.8 °13.7 ° min to max 20.0 ° 16.6 15.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.90 g min to max 1.22 g 0.93 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 4.9 ° 1.8 2.3 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,922 ft asl to 3,194 ft asl, an increase of 272 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 101 kn98 kn min to max 105 kn 101 104 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.0 °4.1 ° min to max 18.0 ° 17.1 4.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.83 g min to max 1.23 g 1.10 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 483 ft/m-179 ft/m min to max 1,172 ft/m 439 200 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,011 ft asl2,922 ft asl min to max 3,194 ft asl 2,922 3,194 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-2.3 ° min to max 4.5 ° 3.0 0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,143 ft asl to 2,888 ft asl, a decrease of 256 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 112 kn107 kn min to max 116 kn 110 107 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °1.1 ° min to max 19.2 ° 7.8 7.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.15 g 1.09 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -383 ft/m-948 ft/m min to max 178 ft/m -431 -360 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,016 ft asl2,888 ft asl min to max 3,143 ft asl 3,143 2,888 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-6.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° -1.2 -2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 2 miles south east of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 104 kn100 kn min to max 108 kn 106 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 12.4 ° 8.9 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.81 g min to max 1.17 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,049 ft/m-1,638 ft/m min to max -482 ft/m -482 -1,638 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,464 ft asl1,901 ft asl min to max 2,879 ft asl 2,879 1,901 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-9.8 ° min to max -2.4 ° -3.1 -9.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 78.70Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 842 ft agl to 176 ft agl. A decrease of 667 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 8.2 °8.0 ° min to max 8.6 °Target 3.0 ° 8.1 8.6 °
100 % Average speed 104 kn101 kn min to max 106 kn 103 101 kn
96 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.5 0.4 °
97 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.5 ° min to max 4.0 ° 1.3 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.85 g min to max 1.10 g 0.96 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -1,539 ft/m-1,824 ft/m min to max -1,194 ft/m -1,704 -1,340 ft/m
Info Average altitude 505 ft agl176 ft agl min to max 842 ft agl 842 176 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.1 °-10.0 ° min to max -6.1 ° -10.0 -7.8 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 24.65Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 142 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
99 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.3 0.4 °
95 % Average g force 1.07 g0.91 g min to max 1.33 g 0.99 0.92 g
Info Average speed 94 kn86 kn min to max 100 kn 100 86 kn
Info Average VSI -761 ft/m-1,429 ft/m min to max -206 ft/m -1,429 -404 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl-5 ft agl min to max 142 ft agl 142 -5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-7.7 ° min to max 0.5 ° -7.7 -2.9 °
0751502253003754505256000285785113142Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 67.39Touchdown point was 406 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 86 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -404 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
63 % Touchdown VSI was -404 ft/m.
89 % Touchdown distance was 555 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 86 knTarget 53 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 3.20 m1.80 m left 3.20 0.02 m
99 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.4 0.4 °
73 % Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.73 g 0.92 0.91 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 79 kn68 kn min to max 86 kn 86 68 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-2.9 ° min to max 6.9 ° -2.9 1.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 12 ft agl · 81 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,059 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,059 m50 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.69 m0.00 m left to 0.69 m right -0.04 -0.69 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.01 g
Info Average speed 63 kn47 kn min to max 74 kn 74 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.5 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kn9 kn min to max 34 kn 34 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

98.21 %
100.00Takeoff roll685 m · 32 %
100.00Liftoff speed69 kt
91.04Runway alignment0.48 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
97.58Rate of climb558 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

78.70 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
0.00Threshold height141 ft
0.00Threshold speed100 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.09 m L

Touchdown

67.39 %
88.00Touchdown point567 m
99.44Centreline at touchdown0.02 m L
62.71Sink rate-404 ft/m
72.57Touchdown force1.73 G
FailBounces1
100.00Rollout distance196 m · 35 % used
Landing weight992 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 08

Past threshold
567 m
Off centreline
0.02 mL
Sink rate
-404 ft/m
Impact
1.73G

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

141 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 141 ft, down at 567 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 567 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 567 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.73 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 763 m of 2,124 m · 36 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
96.78 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
1 0.5 0
98.21 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 69 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
91.04 %
3.36 m left to 5.50 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
97.58 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
92.37 %
5 2.5 0
G
94.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 6 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
98.26 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
93.75 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
99.76 %
3 1.5 0
G
98.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 6 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 650 200
99.87 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 95 80
Bank °
99.37 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 4.5 1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 500 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000077154231308385 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.750100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.75-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 67.68 %
78.7 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 842 ft agl to 176 ft agl. A decrease of 667 ft in 26 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
96 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
106 103 100
Alignment
96 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
97.48 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,194 -1,547 -1,900
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
24.65 %
Landing
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 142 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 142 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
98.77 %
3 1.5 0
G
95.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
100 90 80
Pitch °
Info
1 -3 -7
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-206 -853 -1,500
0751502253003754505256000285785113142 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
67.39 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 406 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 86 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -404 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Bounce on touchdown.
Touchdown
62.71 %
Touchdown rate was hard at -416 ft/m.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 86 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
89.33 %
Touchdown point was 406 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
99.44 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline.
Bank
99.38 %
Bank angle 0.7 °
G
72.57 %
G 1.02 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
100 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,059 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,059 m using 49.86 % of runway
Alignment
100 %
Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
66 48 30
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
02004006008001,000 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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