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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.
What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 21 m off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft agl instead of 81 ft agl.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 81 ft agl against a 50 ft agl target, well above the normal profile. The touchdown point was also long at 1,044 m against a 457 m target, a pattern often seen after high threshold crossings.
Watch for: Radio altimeter against the 50 ft threshold crossing target on short final.
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 167 kt, 11 kt above the 156 kt target, and lifted off at 182 kt 2.5 s later, the nose coming up at 2.6° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 187 kt target, at 192 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 826 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,339 m of runway left; gear up at 42 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 3,090 fpm on average to 826 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,439 m runway.
Rolled from 160 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 20 m at the widest, and lifted off 9.3 m right, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then not again: high from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then high to the threshold (up to 40 ft over).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 17× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 21 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 138 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare held the target profile well. The flare began at 46 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 1,044 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.
6 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 130 kt. Touched down with the nose 8° into wind, wings level.
Wind 340° at 8 kt · 4 kt tail · 6 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 148 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 50 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 2,704 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 80 ft, 30 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare high, at 46 ft; ballooned 2 ft from 9 ft. Touched down 1,044 m in, 740 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,704 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 1,070 fpm at the flare to 390 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 2,704 m of the 3,549 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 13 m right of the centreline and drifted to 22 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 1,044 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 391 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 777-200ER taxied from the parking area to runway 24 at EHAM Amsterdam Airport Schiphol for 15 minutes, covering 2 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 24 with a distance of 1,754 m (51 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 167 kt. Local weather was 16 °C with wind 37 kt from 249°, giving a crosswind component of 8 kt and a headwind of 37 kt.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 13 seconds, averaging 2,879 fpm and reaching 191 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 943 ft asl to 36,852 ft asl in 22 minutes, covering 160 nm, beginning 1 mile north-west of Aalsmeerderbrug.
A cruise segment at 37,000 ft asl lasted 239 minutes, covering 2,019 nm, beginning 1 mile south-east of Ingeldorf.
The next climb from 37,004 ft asl to 38,997 ft asl took 3 minutes over 27 nm, starting 66 miles south-east of Bilma.
Level flight at 39,000 ft asl continued for 175 minutes, covering 1,420 nm, beginning 94 miles south-east of Bilma.
Descent from 38,997 ft asl to 6,230 ft asl was completed in 18 minutes, covering 108 nm, starting 34 miles west of FZNR Rwindi Airport.
Final approach to runway 10 at HRYR Kigali International Airport began with a descent from 1,377 ft agl to 128 ft agl in 89 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,968 ft agl at 233 kt; final flap position 5 was selected at 1,129 ft agl at 171 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 10 (length 3,549 m). The threshold height at 81 ft agl was significantly above target, while the threshold speed of 144 kt was good. The flare was described as very good; the aircraft dropped onto the runway at the end of the flare. Touchdown was 627 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 130 kt (good) and a firm rate of minus 392 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 13.3 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred.
Total landing distance was 2,558 m (72 % of the runway). Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 16.5 m from the centreline. Local weather was 21 °C with wind 5 kt from 319°, giving a crosswind component of 3 kt and a tailwind component of 4 kt.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered a total of 3,744 nm in 476 minutes and used 48,018 kg of fuel.
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