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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use coordinated aileron input to level the wings and hold bank angle close to wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the initial climb, your average bank angle drifted to 3°.
Watch for: Attitude indicator, bank angle near wings-level
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 60 kt with 2.5° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 26 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,093 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 0.3 m off the centreline, in 11 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 0 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.6 nm out at 56 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Wide: the downwind was 1.9 nm out at 56 kt, where about 0.6 nm suits that speed.
The bomber pattern. A downwind flown so wide that final becomes a two-mile straight-in, quietly converting your circuit session back into the ILS-style approach you were trying to escape. The symptom is that your final leg takes over a minute and you're stabilised with time to spare, every lap. The practice value lives in the compressed judgement of a proper-sized circuit, and a huge one launders it away.
Read more in Pattern WorkSteep: 46° of bank.
Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 1.1 nm (up to 490 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm, then 45 m right of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 24 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 14 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +24 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 5.6° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 379 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
9 kt across from the right, which takes about 12° of crab to hold the centreline at 42 kt. Touched down with 4° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 027° at 10 kt · 0 kt head · 9 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 42 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 7 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,093 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 66 ft, 16 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 35 ft. Touched down 379 m in, 74 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,093 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 310 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at 14 ft, then back up to 250 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,093 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 0.4 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 379 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 251 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Aerotechnik EV97 departed from runway 30 at LFLI Annemasse Airfield. Take-off distance was 6 m (1 % of runway) and liftoff occurred at 60 kt. Local weather was temperature 8 °C, wind 11 kt from 027°, with a cross-wind component of 11 kt and no head-wind.
The aircraft climbed to 50 ft agl in 4 seconds, averaging 229 fpm and reaching 83 kt at the top of the initial climb. The left-hand circuit from runway 30 lasted 7 minutes. The downwind leg was 2 nm, flown in 121 seconds at 970 ft agl; the base leg was 1 nm, flown in 104 seconds.
On final approach to runway 30, descent was from 972 ft agl to 69 ft agl in 91 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level.
Landing was on runway 30, whose length is 1,093 m. Threshold height at 67 ft agl was above target and threshold speed was slightly above target at 52 kt. The flare was described as a fair landing flare with little round-out. Touchdown occurred at 42 kt, a good speed, and 379 m down the runway, a good distance. Touchdown rate was fair at minus 251 fpm. Alignment on touchdown and during rollout was perfect, with no bounce. Total landing distance was 504 m (46 % of runway) and rollout alignment remained perfect.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 8 nm in 11 minutes and used 1 kg of fuel.
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