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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

84.93 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
3 Apr 2024 0:09 7 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
84.71 %
Enroute Score
99.98 %
Arrival Score
62.64 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 39 % of the runway used
Airborne in 924 m — 43 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 107 kn. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −6.36 points
Arrival Touchdown — bounce at touchdown; Speed at touchdown 81 kn at 0 %, Touchdown VSI was -764 ft/m. at 25 %, −3.55 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 11.1 ° at 29 %, bank angle up to 9.9 ° at 81 %, −1.89 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 13 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 80.00Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 64 knTarget 62 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 109.56 m20.22 m left to 89.34 m right -1.04 10.90 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.21 g 0.98 1.21 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.2 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.3 5.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.2 6.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 91.52Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Heading variation -1.1 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 62 kn59 kn min to max 64 kn 64 59 kn
90 % Average bank angle 4.2 °3.5 ° min to max 6.0 ° 6.0 3.8 °
51 % Average g force 1.45 g0.90 g min to max 2.10 g 1.31 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 998 ft/m478 ft/m min to max 1,294 ft/m 478 1,294 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.5 °7.3 ° min to max 19.6 ° 7.3 16.9 °
Departure Climb 2 81.75Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
34 % Heading variation -3.3 °-7.3 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.4 -7.3 °
100 % Average speed 55 kn50 kn min to max 59 kn 58 56 kn
94 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.9 1.0 °
98 % Average g force 0.97 g0.72 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 924 ft/m-25 ft/m min to max 1,552 ft/m 1,311 938 ft/m
Info Average altitude 157 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 381 ft agl 45 381 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °0.7 ° min to max 17.9 ° 17.1 10.5 °
Departure Climb 3 85.57Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
28 % Heading variation -7.9 °-8.3 ° min to max -7.5 ° -7.5 -8.3 °
100 % Average speed 52 kn51 kn min to max 54 kn 54 51 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.0 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.04 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 680 ft/m492 ft/m min to max 968 ft/m 968 508 ft/m
Info Average altitude 443 ft agl398 ft agl min to max 480 ft agl 398 480 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °6.5 ° min to max 10.6 ° 10.6 8.8 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,533 ft asl to 3,152 ft asl, an increase of 1,619 ft in 3 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 53 kn45 kn min to max 60 kn 50 53 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 20.4 ° 2.7 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.77 g min to max 1.18 g 1.03 0.77 g
Info Average VSI 477 ft/m-40 ft/m min to max 1,119 ft/m 574 909 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,256 ft asl1,533 ft asl min to max 3,152 ft asl 1,533 3,152 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 12.0 ° 9.3 8.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.94Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,297 ft asl3,164 ft asl min to max 3,370 ft asl 3,164 3,370 ft asl
100 % Average speed 60 kn51 kn min to max 72 kn 51 60 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.2 °0.1 ° min to max 24.6 ° 7.0 24.5 °
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.83 g min to max 1.26 g 0.98 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-5.9 ° min to max 10.0 ° 10.0 6.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles east of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,377 ft asl to 2,819 ft asl, a decrease of 558 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 72 kn57 kn min to max 94 kn 59 94 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.9 °3.2 ° min to max 25.8 ° 25.8 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.15 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -271 ft/m-2,554 ft/m min to max 723 ft/m 528 -2,554 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,212 ft asl2,819 ft asl min to max 3,383 ft asl 3,377 2,819 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-15.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.8 -14.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 3 miles east of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 102 kn96 kn min to max 109 kn 96 109 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.3 ° min to max 10.1 ° 4.4 10.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.83 g min to max 1.17 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -2,337 ft/m-2,639 ft/m min to max -2,004 ft/m -2,556 -2,528 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,456 ft asl2,075 ft asl min to max 2,776 ft asl 2,776 2,075 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -14.2 °-16.8 ° min to max -11.9 ° -14.0 -14.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 77.33Approaching runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,004 ft agl to 188 ft agl. A decrease of 815 ft in 17 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
29 % Approach angle 11.1 °8.0 ° min to max 12.6 °Target 3.0 ° 12.6 8.0 °
100 % Average speed 112 kn109 kn min to max 115 kn 109 113 kn
84 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.0 °
81 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.5 ° min to max 9.9 ° 9.9 2.5 °
84 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.53 g 0.99 1.53 g
Info Average VSI -2,857 ft/m-3,124 ft/m min to max -2,442 ft/m -2,508 -2,442 ft/m
Info Average altitude 597 ft agl188 ft agl min to max 1,004 ft agl 1,004 188 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -15.4 °-17.0 ° min to max -8.6 ° -14.6 -8.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 23.67Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 148 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 107 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 107 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
90 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.2 ° min to max 5.9 ° 5.9 0.6 °
94 % Average g force 1.06 g0.64 g min to max 1.23 g 1.23 0.95 g
Info Average speed 86 kn81 kn min to max 107 kn 107 81 kn
Info Average VSI -999 ft/m-1,516 ft/m min to max -12 ft/m -672 -764 ft/m
Info Average altitude 44 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 151 ft agl 148 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.9 °-10.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.6 -4.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 36 ft agl · 90 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259000306191121151Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 57.35Touchdown point was 199 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 81 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -764 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
25 % Touchdown VSI was -764 ft/m.
93 % Touchdown distance was 518 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 81 knTarget 53 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.26 m1.98 m left 2.24 1.30 m
88 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.4 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.6 0.8 °
65 % Average g force 1.02 g0.69 g min to max 1.86 g 0.95 0.75 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 71 kn67 kn min to max 81 kn 81 67 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-4.9 ° min to max 7.0 ° -4.9 -4.7 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 10 ft agl · 75 kt
Arrival Rollout 92.21Total landing distance 977 m, 46 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 977 m46 % of runway.
85 % Runway alignment max 8.19 m7.20 m left to 0.98 m right 0.72 7.20 m
90 % Average g force 1.02 g0.73 g min to max 1.42 g 1.42 1.00 g
Info Average speed 51 kn33 kn min to max 67 kn 67 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 3 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 13 kn9 kn min to max 30 kn 30 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.3 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

80.00 %
100.00Takeoff roll924 m · 43 %
100.00Liftoff speed64 kt
0.00Runway alignment10.90 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
91.52Rate of climb998 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

77.33 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
0.00Threshold height147 ft
0.00Threshold speed106 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.04 m R

Touchdown

57.35 %
89.76Touchdown point551 m
100.00Centreline at touchdown1.30 m L
24.86Sink rate-763 ft/m
65.14Touchdown force1.86 G
FailBounces1
92.21Rollout distance321 m · 39 % used
Landing weight992 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind269° · 2 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 26

Past threshold
551 m
Off centreline
1.30 mL
Sink rate
-763 ft/m
Impact
1.86G

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

147 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 147 ft, down at 551 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 551 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 551 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.86 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 872 m of 2,124 m · 41 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
84.71 %
80 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 64 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
0 %
20.22 m left to 89.34 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
7 3.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
91.52 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
95.89 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Bank °
89.61 %
6 4.5 3
G
51.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
20 14 7
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 600 -100
81.75 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
34 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
60 50 40
Bank °
93.68 %
5 2.5 0
G
98.29 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
18 9 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,600 750 -100
85.57 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
28.33 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
60 55 50
Bank °
99.53 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 8.5 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 650 300
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000065130195260325 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 62.64 %
77.33 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,004 ft agl to 188 ft agl. A decrease of 815 ft in 17 seconds.
Glideslope
29.24 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
84 %
Good heading alignment
Glideslope °
29.24 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
115 107 100
Alignment
84 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
81.41 %
10 5 0
G
84 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-2,442 -2,821 -3,200
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
23.67 %
Landing
Landing on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 148 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 107 kn.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 148 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 107 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
89.84 %
6 3 0
G
93.71 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
107 93 80
Pitch °
Info
1 -4.5 -10
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-12 -806 -1,600
0751502253003754505256006757508259000306191121151 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
57.35 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 199 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 81 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -764 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
Bounce on touchdown.
Touchdown
24.86 %
Touchdown rate was very heavy at -764 ft/m.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 81 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
93.33 %
Touchdown point was 199 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
88.25 %
Bank angle 1.6 °
G
65.14 %
G 1.02 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
92.21 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 977 m, 46 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 977 m using 46 % of runway
Alignment
84.86 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
90.29 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
61 40 20
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
02004006008001,000 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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