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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Track the centreline through touchdown using small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway.
What happened: The aircraft touched down off the centreline at 131 m, and drifting off centreline at touchdown usually carries through into the rollout, as it did here with alignment reaching 133 m.
Watch for: Watch runway centreline position, keeping deviation inside the limit through touchdown and rollout.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 16 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 124 kt, 7 kt above the 117 kt target, and lifted off at 133 kt 2.0 s later, the nose coming up at 3.4° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 188 kt target, at 184 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 934 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,366 m of runway left; gear up at 10 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,700 fpm on average to 934 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,621 m runway.
Rolled from 75 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 1.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.7 m right. Airborne 35 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off and speed more than 31 kt above the approach speed of 124 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: left of the centreline all the way, sinking too fast until 3.7 nm, fast until 1.8 nm, low from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 60 ft under).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 140 m left of the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 1.8 nm (up to +56 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare. It lost 1.4 points, partly for taking only 585 fpm of the sink out.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 160° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 110 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 23 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 37 ft, 274 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 47 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 132 m in, 173 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 780 fpm at the flare to 210 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,140 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 131 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 15 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 132 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Citation Longitude taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at KTYS McGhee Tyson Airport in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nm.
The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 23L, achieving a takeoff distance of 937 m which represented 36 % of the runway length; liftoff occurred at 133 kt. Ambient conditions were a temperature of 32 °C with wind from 240° at 8 kt, including a 2 kt cross-wind component and an 8 kt head-wind component.
The first en-route climb began overhead KTYS, climbing from 1,992 ft asl to 3,483 ft asl, an altitude gain of 1,490 ft in 1 minute while covering 3 nm.
Level cruise commenced 3 miles west of Maryville, lasting 3 minutes and extending 14 nm.
A second climb segment started 1 mile north-west of the 1TN8 Ramada Helistop Kingsport, ascending from 3,491 ft asl to 35,485 ft asl, a gain of 31,995 ft in 12 minutes and traversing 79 nm.
The next cruise phase began 6 miles east of TN-72 King Airport Sevierville, persisted for 2 minutes and covered 12 nm.
Descent began 3 miles north-east of Gatlinburg, descending from 35,231 ft asl to 3,352 ft asl, a loss of 31,878 ft in 12 minutes while traveling 82 nm.
For the final approach to runway 17 at KAVL Asheville Regional Airport, the aircraft approached from the north on a heading of 160.0°, intercepting the glide path at 4 nm and 1,166 ft agl. The touchdown occurred before the threshold at 113 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 251 fpm and a lateral deviation of 125.6 m from the centreline. Weather at the time was 23 °C, wind from 160° at 8 kt, with no cross-wind and an 8 kt head-wind.
Landing roll measured 584 m, representing 27 % of the runway length, and the subsequent rollout remained misaligned by 127.6 m from the centreline.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 198 nm, taking 36, and consumed 744 kg of fuel.
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