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KOAK
Oakland, United States
Runway 30
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight556,700 lbs
Fuel129,357 lbs
Wind270° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.84 %
KEWR
Newark, United States
Runway 22L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight464,235 lbs
Fuel35,814 lbs
Wind299° · 7 kn · 7 kn cross
7 Nov 2026 4:49 2272 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 93,543 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
99.53 %
Arrival Score
100.00 %

What went well

Touched down at -197 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,421 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 41 ft and 166 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Enroute Climb — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 92 %, −0.16 points

Next time

Monitor your speed

See Enroute Climb

Below 10,000 ft you are typically limited to 250 kt indicated (a US rule that much of the world mirrors in some form, though not universally). This forces a deceleration around 10,000 ft whether the profile wants one or not, so plan for it rather than discovering it.

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 0 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 5 kt4 kt min to max 6 kt 4 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport. Takeoff distance 6,365 ft 61 % of runway. Rotation speed was 168 kt. Local weather - Temperature 72 °F. Wind 4 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 6,365 ft61 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 168 ktTarget 162 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 7.6 ft right1.0 ft left to 7.6 ft right -3.2 1.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 7.5 ° -0.2 7.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 181 kt177 kt min to max 184 kt 177 184 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.02 g min to max 1.11 g 1.02 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 564 fpm135 fpm min to max 1,088 fpm 135 1,088 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °7.6 ° min to max 10.3 ° 7.6 10.3 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 185 kt184 kt min to max 188 kt 184 188 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.01 g min to max 1.11 g 1.10 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,580 fpm1,098 fpm min to max 2,715 fpm 1,098 2,715 fpm
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 342 ft agl 28 342 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.5 °10.3 ° min to max 13.8 ° 10.3 13.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 83 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 107 ft agl · 187 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 186 kt185 kt min to max 188 ktTarget 193 kt, 7 kt slow 188 185 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 12.8 °0.1 ° min to max 12.8 ° 0.1 12.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.96 g min to max 0.99 g 0.99 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up at 60 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average VSI 2,847 fpm2,766 fpm min to max 2,909 fpm 2,766 2,773 fpm
Info Average altitude 651 ft agl384 ft agl min to max 908 ft agl 384 908 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.0 °13.8 ° min to max 14.2 ° 13.8 13.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 545 ft agl · 190 kt
Enroute Climb 96.72Enroute climb started 1 mile west of KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport Oakland (California, United States). Climbing from 984 ft asl to 32,482 ft asl, an increase of 31,497 ft in 20 minutes and covering 137 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Average speed 259 kt184 kt min to max 309 kt 185 297 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 23.7 °0.0 ° min to max 23.7 ° 13.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.86 g min to max 1.10 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,854 fpm100 fpm min to max 4,007 fpm 2,718 812 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,179 ft asl984 ft asl min to max 32,482 ft asl 984 32,482 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °3.4 ° min to max 13.7 ° 13.7 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 3-16 min to max 31 -16 1

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,249 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 1,356 ft agl · 189 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,476 ft agl · 190 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 1,782 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4,098 ft agl · 260 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,506 ft agl · 300 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 11 miles south east of 73CA Bear Valley Airport Bear Valley (California, United States) and lasted 197 minutes, covering 1,679 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,131 ft of 32,998 ft asl32,618 ft asl min to max 33,162 ft asl 32,618 33,162 ft asl
100 % Average speed 302 kt276 kt min to max 326 kt 296 301 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 13.8 °0.0 ° min to max 13.8 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-39 min to max 21 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.8 3.0 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles north east of Monroe (Michigan, United States). Climbing from 33,356 ft asl to 34,998 ft asl, an increase of 1,643 ft in 4 minutes and covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 293 kt286 kt min to max 299 kt 299 290 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 399 fpm9 fpm min to max 495 fpm 469 9 fpm
Info Average altitude 34,259 ft asl33,356 ft asl min to max 34,998 ft asl 33,356 34,998 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.6 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.0 2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 7 0 7
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles south of CLM2 Leamington Airport Leamington (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 31 minutes, covering 275 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,250 ft of 34,999 ft asl34,985 ft asl min to max 35,011 ft asl 34,998 35,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 288 kt288 kt min to max 289 kt 289 289 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 9.0 °0.0 ° min to max 9.0 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-9 min to max 10 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.4 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.7 2.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles north west of PA40 Benton Airport Benton (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 34,995 ft asl to 3,198 ft asl, a decrease of 31,797 ft in 18 minutes and covering 127 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 269 kt208 kt min to max 334 kt 289 218 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 23.8 °0.0 ° min to max 23.8 ° 0.1 19.2 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.03 g0.67 g min to max 1.28 g 1.00 1.20 g
Info Average VSI -1,719 fpm-3,238 fpm min to max 50 fpm 26 -369 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,832 ft asl3,198 ft asl min to max 34,999 ft asl 34,995 3,198 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-3.4 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.7 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination -7-33 min to max 14 -3 -11

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,758 ft agl · 291 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,147 ft agl · 278 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bergenfield (New Jersey, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±659 ft of 3,117 ft asl3,027 ft asl min to max 3,190 ft asl 3,190 3,185 ft asl
100 % Average speed 219 kt217 kt min to max 220 kt 217 220 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 18.8 °0.2 ° min to max 18.8 ° 18.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination -5-12 min to max 4 -11 4
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 2.9 3.4 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Moonachie (New Jersey, United States). Descent from 3,209 ft asl to 1,355 ft asl, a decrease of 1,854 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 171 kt166 kt min to max 216 kt 216 167 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 0.94 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,002 fpm-1,306 fpm min to max -103 fpm -103 -967 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,840 ft asl1,355 ft asl min to max 3,209 ft asl 3,209 1,355 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.3 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.7 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 10-14 min to max 22 1 21

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,627 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,627 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 2,590 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,587 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,192 ft agl · 174 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 22L at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport. Descent from 1,393 ft agl to 73 ft agl in 84 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 22L at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport, runway length 8,209 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 166 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 166 kt. Target 169 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 9.6 ft left9.6 ft left to 7.8 ft left 9.6 8.2 ft
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.0 °
100 % Peak g force 1.10 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 1.05 g
Info Average speed 166 kt163 kt min to max 167 kt 166 163 kt
Info Average VSI -437 fpm-686 fpm min to max -157 fpm -667 -157 fpm
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 41 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °4.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.0 6.4 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,75001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 1,421 ft. Touchdown speed at 163 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -197 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 7 kt at 299 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -197 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,421 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 163 ktTarget below 158 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 8.2 ft left7.9 ft left 8.2 7.3 ft
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.24 g1.05 g min to max 1.24 g 1.05 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 163 kt162 kt min to max 163 kt 163 162 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °6.4 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 6.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 4,924 ft, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 4,924 ft60 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 6.1 ft left6.1 ft left to 0.0 ft left 4.5 6.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average speed 124 kt82 kt min to max 162 kt 162 82 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 45 kt0 kt min to max 82 kt 82 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 6 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 13 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 9 kt

Takeoff from KOAK 30

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
18kt peak

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
6,365ft61 %
Runway alignment100.00
7.6ft R
Rotation speed100.00
168kttarget 162, 6 late

Rotated late

The nose came up at 168 kt, 6 kt after the 162 kt rotate speed.

The pull started after the rotate speed had gone by. Bring the airspeed into the scan as it approaches the rotate speed, so the pull starts on the number rather than when you notice it has passed.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
176ktat 7.6°
Rotation
2.0°/sover 3.3 s, gaining 8 kt
35 ft
184ktat 10.7°, 5.1 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.6°steepest
Gear up100.00
60ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
186kttarget 193

Plan view the roll down the 10,398 ft runway.

Rolled from 142 ft in, drifted 7 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 61 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 7.0 ft RROLL 142 FT INAirborne 6,379 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 6,379 ft of 10,398 ft · 61 %
Behind the start of the roll, 142 ftTakeoff roll, 6,237 ft Left ahead, 4,019 ft

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 909 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,471 ft of runway left; gear up at 60 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,030 fpm on average to 909 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3186 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 963 ft · 3.3 sRotate 168 kttarget 162Liftoff 176 ktGear up 60 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 963 ft · 3.3 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 162held 12.2°7.6° off · 2.0°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at: a trace steeper than both is a faster rotation, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.5°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s3°/sTAIL STRIKE 9.5°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT7.6° off · 2.0°/s11° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2 to 3°/s from rotationTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate950 fpm870 fpm
On glideslope3.1°2.9°
On centreline0.6° off0.2° off
On speed+6.3 kt+6.4 kt
Wings level2° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KEWR 22L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3636523381871,000 ft gate7 of 71,066 ft · 167 kt500 ft gate7 of 7516 ft · 167 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 190 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR490 ft L0490 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND58 ft L85 ft L18 ft L14 ft L178 ft L38 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 40 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +7 kt on the approach speed of 161 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 161+6 kt+6 kt+6 kt+6 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KEWR 22L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
41ft
Threshold speed100.00
166kttarget 169, 3 slow
Centreline offset100.00
9.6ft L
Bank100.00
0.7°steepest
Flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,421ft
Centreline100.00
8.2ft L
Speed100.00
163kttarget 158, 5 fast
Touchdown rate100.00
-197fpm
Impact100.00
1.24G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.2°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
3,324ft58 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
6.1ft L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
15kt peak

Side view — the last 5,145 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 41 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft. Touched down 1,421 ft in, 421 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,145 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

41 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 21 ft · −608 fpm · 5.2° · 166 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −218 fpm · 6.4°−197 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 163 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 41 ft, down at 1,421 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 610 fpm at the flare to 200 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.2° on the way down. Into the flare at 166 kt, 3 kt under the 169 kt approach speed, and 163 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−197 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown, +1.2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,145 ft of the 8,209 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7 ft left of the centreline, and stayed within 8 ft of it down the rollout. 7 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 163 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 299° at 7 kt · 0 kt tail · 7 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,421 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,421 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 4,745 ft of 8,209 ft · 58 %
In the air over the runway, 1,421 ftRollout, 3,324 ft Left over, 3,464 ft

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 164 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 37 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 3,980 ft30 kt · 5,178 fttouchdown5,386 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 30 at KOAK, a movement that lasted 10 minutes and covered 2 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 30, using 6,365 ft of runway (61 % of the available length). Rotation occurred at 162 kt. Local weather at departure was 72 °F with a wind of 4 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind component.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 1,939 fpm and reaching 185 kt at the top of the segment.

Climb continued from 984 ft asl to 32,482 ft asl in 20 minutes, covering 137 nm; the climb began about 1 mile west of KOAK.

The aircraft then levelled between 33,000 ft asl and 35,000 ft asl for 232 minutes, covering 1,986 nm, beginning 11 miles south-east of 73CA Bear Valley Airport.

Descent started from 34,995 ft asl and proceeded to 1,355 ft asl in 22 minutes, covering 139 nm, with a brief level-off at 3,100 ft asl. The descent began 5 miles north-west of PA40 Benton Airport.

Final approach to runway 22L at KEWR began at 1,393 ft agl and descended to 73 ft agl in 84 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. Configuration on final was gear down at 2,627 ft agl at 194 kt, and final flap position 6 at 2,192 ft agl at 174 kt.

Landing was made on runway 22L, whose length is 8,209 ft. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 166 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 1,421 ft down the runway at 163 kt, a little fast, with a descent rate of minus 197 fpm and very good runway-touchdown alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 4,924 ft (60 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather at KEWR was 60 °F with a wind of 7 kt from 299°, giving a 7 kt cross-wind component and no head-wind.

After landing, the MD-11 taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 2,272 nm in 289 minutes and used 93,543 lb of fuel.

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