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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 123 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 105 kt, 18 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 123 kt at the threshold.
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 115 kt, 6 kt above the 109 kt target, and lifted off at 128 kt 2.5 s later, the nose coming up at 2.1° a second. Climb 3 averaged 187 kt, 9 kt over its 178 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 930 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 4,222 ft of runway left; gear up at 6 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,100 fpm on average to 930 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 8,488 ft runway.
Rolled from 498 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 14 ft at the widest, and lifted off 12 ft left. Airborne 32 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.5 nm, then not again: slow from 0.5 nm and low from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 50 ft under).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 45× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 3.5 nm, never more than 20 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.5 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −18 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.7 points, for the nose going up and down 3 times.
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 2° of bank.
Wind 270° at 2 kt · 0 kt tail · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 100 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.43 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Began the flare at 37 ft, 804 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 4 ft, 46 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 849 ft in, 151 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 630 fpm at the flare to 180 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 9,320 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 37 ft right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 38 ft right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 849 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Bombardier Challenger 350 taxied from the parking area to runway 32R at KOMA for four minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Takeoff was on runway 32R with a distance of 2,777 ft, which was 33 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 115 kt. Local weather was 61 °F with wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt crosswind and a 1 kt headwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 2,037 fpm and reaching 191 kt at the top of the climb.
The climb continued from 1,960 ft asl to 30,004 ft asl in 12 minutes, covering 73 nm and beginning about 1 mile north of Carter Lake.
Level flight at 30,000 ft asl was held for 38 minutes, covering 313 nm, starting roughly 3 miles west of Clearfield.
Descent from 29,996 ft asl to 1,840 ft asl took 16 minutes and covered 92 nm, beginning about 9 miles south of Doniphan.
Final approach to runway 18R at KMEM descended from 1,200 ft agl to 53 ft agl in 98 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,137 ft agl at 229 kt, and final flap position 3 was selected at 797 ft agl at 142 kt.
Landing on runway 18R (runway length 9,320 ft) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 105 kt. The flare was described as great, with the pitch being pumped up and down during the flare. Touchdown occurred at 99 kt, 849 ft down the runway, with a rate of -184 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 37 ft from the centreline. No bounce occurred.
Total landing distance was 1,771 ft, 19 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 32 ft from the centreline. Local weather at landing was 59 °F with wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt crosswind and no headwind.
Taxi from the runway to the parking area took one minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered 485 nm in 74 minutes and used 0 lb of fuel.
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