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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 169 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 34 kt fast at 203 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 169 kt in the climb
Arrival
Nothing to change in the speed, the height or the flare. Keep the landing attitude held until the mains are on, so the aircraft is not let down onto the runway in the last moment.
What happened: The touchdown rate was 350 fpm. Nothing before it explains that: threshold speed and height were within limits and the flare was flown normally.
Watch for: Touchdown rate: a little less than 350 fpm next time
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 133 kt, 3 kt above the 130 kt target, and lifted off at 143 kt 2.4 s later, the nose coming up at 3.0° a second. Climb 3 averaged 203 kt, 34 kt over its 169 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 937 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 4,457 ft of runway left; gear up at 12 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,640 fpm on average to 937 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 8,488 ft runway.
Rolled from 309 ft in, drifted 13 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 29 kt above the approach speed of 117 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 18 kt above the approach speed of 117 kt.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.5 nm, about 220 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 22× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 50 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 0.5 nm (up to +58 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 269° at 2 kt · 1 kt tail · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 109 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.32 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 48 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 29 ft. Touched down 1,506 ft in, 506 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 650 fpm at the flare to 350 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,110 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 10 ft of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 1,506 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 350 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 32R at KOMA Eppley Airfield in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Takeoff was on runway 32R. The aircraft used 2,927 ft of runway, which is 34 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 133 kt. Local weather was temperature 63 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt crosswind and a 1 kt headwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 31 seconds, averaging 1,595 fpm and reaching 216 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 1,968 ft asl to 30,001 ft asl in 12 minutes, covering 73 nm and beginning about 1 mile northwest of KOMA.
Level flight was maintained at 30,000 ft asl for 52 minutes, covering 454 nm, with the segment starting roughly 7 miles northeast of Humboldt.
Descent from 30,006 ft asl to 1,766 ft asl took 19 minutes and covered 104 nm, beginning about 3 miles southwest of 8TE1 Wall Flying Service Airport in Floresville.
Final approach to runway 14 at KACT Waco Regional Airport began with a descent from 1,304 ft agl to 68 ft agl in 96 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; the speed check was not met. The aircraft extended landing gear at 1,500 ft agl while at 202 kt, and selected final flap position 4 at 475 ft agl with a speed of 145 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 14, which is 5,110 ft long. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 120 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown was at 1,506 ft down the runway, with a speed of 106 kt and a firm rate of minus 351 fpm. Alignment on touchdown was perfect, and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 3,013 ft, representing 59 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good. Local weather at landing was temperature 59 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The total flight covered 638 nm in 91 minutes and used 0 lb of fuel.
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