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KSEA
Seattle, United States
Runway 16L
Elevation430 ft asl
Weight488,430 lbs
Fuel67,420 lbs
Wind120° · 5 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

99.91 %
KLAX
Los Angeles, United States
Runway 25L
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight448,316 lbs
Fuel27,030 lbs
Wind250° · 5 kn · 1 kn cross
29 Oct 2026 2:21 884 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 40,390 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.74 %

What went well

Touched down at -186 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,343 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 31 ft and 163 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -186 fpm at 93 %, −0.09 points

Next time

Arrival

Nothing to change in the speed, the height or the flare. Keep the landing attitude held until the mains are on, so the aircraft is not let down onto the runway in the last moment.

What happened: The touchdown rate was 186 fpm. Nothing before it explains that: threshold speed and height were within limits and the flare was flown normally.

Watch for: Touchdown rate: a little less than 186 fpm next time

See Arrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 12 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kt6 kt min to max 6 kt 6 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Takeoff distance 5,798 ft 49 % of runway. Rotation speed was 162 kt. Local weather - Temperature 56 °F. Wind 5 kt at 120 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 5,798 ft49 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 162 ktTarget 156 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.2 ft left5.2 ft left to 0.0 ft left 1.2 2.0 ft
100.00 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 6.7 ° -0.3 6.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 181 kt176 kt min to max 186 kt 176 186 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.07 g min to max 1.17 g 1.07 1.17 g
Info Average VSI 513 fpm18 fpm min to max 1,192 fpm 18 1,192 fpm
Info Average altitude 3 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 15 ft agl 0 15 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °6.8 ° min to max 10.1 ° 6.8 10.1 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 188 kt186 kt min to max 192 kt 186 192 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.5 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.5 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.02 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 1,783 fpm1,369 fpm min to max 2,952 fpm 1,369 2,952 fpm
Info Average altitude 70 ft agl24 ft agl min to max 289 ft agl 24 289 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °10.5 ° min to max 13.7 ° 10.5 13.7 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 153 ft agl · 190 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 192 ft agl · 190 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 193 kt192 kt min to max 194 ktTarget 193 kt 192 194 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up at 89 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.8 °0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.9 °
Info Average VSI 3,407 fpm3,058 fpm min to max 3,563 fpm 3,058 3,551 fpm
Info Average altitude 580 ft agl337 ft agl min to max 843 ft agl 337 843 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.6 °14.0 ° min to max 14.9 ° 14.0 14.7 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Normandy Park (Washington, United States). Climbing from 1,316 ft asl to 34,978 ft asl, an increase of 33,662 ft in 16 minutes and covering 99 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 289 kt194 kt min to max 309 kt 194 283 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 16.9 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.17 g 0.96 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 2,159 fpm144 fpm min to max 4,682 fpm 3,554 144 fpm
Info Average altitude 21,335 ft asl1,316 ft asl min to max 34,978 ft asl 1,316 34,978 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °2.9 ° min to max 14.6 ° 14.6 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 0-14 min to max 14 1 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,959 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,941 ft agl · 287 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles north west of 19WA Key Way Airport Stevenson (Washington, United States) and lasted 87 minutes, covering 645 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,250 ft of 34,999 ft asl34,987 ft asl min to max 35,013 ft asl 34,992 34,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 284 kt283 kt min to max 285 kt 284 284 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 15.4 ° 0.2 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-14 min to max 65 4 -1
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.5 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.7 2.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 9 miles west of Derby Acres (California, United States). Descent from 34,999 ft asl to 3,613 ft asl, a decrease of 31,386 ft in 20 minutes and covering 117 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 251 kt206 kt min to max 329 kt 284 206 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.9 °0.0 ° min to max 25.0 ° 2.8 24.7 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.01 g0.67 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -1,270 fpm-2,684 fpm min to max 176 fpm 4 168 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,762 ft asl3,594 ft asl min to max 35,004 ft asl 34,999 3,613 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.3 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.5 4.3 °
Info Turn coordination 0-20 min to max 31 -2 14

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 11,719 ft agl · 306 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,975 ft agl · 281 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9,915 ft agl · 275 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of East Los Angeles (California, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±681 ft of 3,553 ft asl3,403 ft asl min to max 3,622 ft asl 3,616 3,403 ft asl
100 % Average speed 187 kt180 kt min to max 206 kt 206 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 19.5 °0.1 ° min to max 25.3 ° 24.8 24.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.96 g min to max 1.14 g 1.09 1.08 g
Info Turn coordination 15-10 min to max 42 13 17
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °2.7 ° min to max 5.3 ° 4.2 4.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Bell Gardens (California, United States). Descent from 3,400 ft asl to 1,501 ft asl, a decrease of 1,899 ft in 3 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 172 kt164 kt min to max 184 kt 181 165 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.1 °0.0 ° min to max 25.2 ° 24.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -666 fpm-1,578 fpm min to max 0 fpm -252 -760 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,415 ft asl1,501 ft asl min to max 3,400 ft asl 3,400 1,501 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °0.3 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.7 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 2-11 min to max 29 19 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 3,125 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,078 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,623 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,446 ft agl · 193 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 25L at KLAX Los Angeles International Airport. Descent from 1,402 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 87 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 992 ft agl · 170 kt
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 25L at KLAX Los Angeles International Airport, runway length 11,080 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 163 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 163 kt. Target 158 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 12.7 ft right7.7 ft right to 12.7 ft right -12.7 -7.7 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.03 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.03 g
Info Average speed 161 kt157 kt min to max 163 kt 163 157 kt
Info Average VSI -363 fpm-650 fpm min to max -210 fpm -650 -210 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-7 ft agl min to max 31 ft agl 31 -7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °4.7 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.7 6.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 992 ft agl · 170 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 39 ft agl · 165 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-110-88-66-44-22022446688110Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 98.69Touchdown distance was good at 1,342 ft. Touchdown speed at 157 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -186 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 70 °F. Wind 5 kt at 250 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown rate was -186 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,343 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 157 ktTarget below 156 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 7.7 ft right7.1 ft right -7.7 -6.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.02 g min to max 1.21 g 1.03 1.09 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 157 kt156 kt min to max 157 kt 157 156 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °6.4 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 6.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 6,788 ft, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 6,788 ft61 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.9 ft right0.6 ft left to 4.9 ft right -4.9 -0.5 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average speed 113 kt78 kt min to max 154 kt 154 78 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 57 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 52 kt9 kt min to max 77 kt 77 9 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt1 kt min to max 27 kt 9 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 9 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 162 kt, 6 kt above the 156 kt target, and lifted off at 175 kt 3.9 s later, the nose coming up at 1.7° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 193 kt target, at 193 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1566.8° off · 1.7°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 8 kt -0.3° 0 s
80 kt1,094 ft 80 kt -0.4° 23.1 s
Rotate4,515 ft · target 156 162 kt 0.1° 39.8 s
Liftoff5,609 ft · +13 kt from rotation 175 kt 6.8° 43.6 s
35 ft7,137 ft · 5.0 s after liftoff 187 kt 10.8° 48.6 s
Gear up8,086 ft · 89 ft · full marks to 400 ft 190 kt 12.5° 52.1 s
Climb 39,676 ft · 337 ft to 843 ft · target 193 193 kt avg 14.0° 57.3 s
End of Climb 312,543 ft · 843 ft 194 kt 14.7° 66 s

Takeoff from KSEA 16L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
5,798ft49 %
Rotation speed100.00
162kttarget 156, 6 fast
Liftoff speed
175kt
Runway alignment100.00
5.2ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
89ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
193kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
512fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 843 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 4,544 ft of runway left; gear up at 89 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,290 fpm on average to 843 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3193 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 162 kttarget 156Liftoff 175 ktGear up 89 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 11,885 ft runway.

Rolled from 204 ft in, drifted 5 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 48 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 5.2 ft LROLL 204 FT INAirborne 5,813 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 5,813 ft of 11,885 ft · 49 %
Behind the start of the roll, 204 ftTakeoff roll, 5,609 ft Left ahead, 6,072 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,060 fpm920 fpm
On glideslope3.2°3.1°
On centreline0.2° off0.2° off
On speed+7.0 kt+6.2 kt
Wings level1° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KLAX 25L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3706933521881,000 ft gate7 of 71,107 ft · 165 kt500 ft gate7 of 7536 ft · 164 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 15× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 80 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR210 ft L0210 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND83 ft L40 ft R34 ft R11 ft R54 ft L41 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 40 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +7 kt on the approach speed of 158 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 158+7 kt+6 kt+7 kt+6 kt+5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KLAX 25L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
31ft
Threshold speed100.00
163kttarget 158, 5 fast
Centreline offset100.00
12.7ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,343ft
Centreline100.00
7.7ft R
Speed100.00
157kttarget 155, 2 fast
Touchdown rate93.44
-186fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 250° at 5 kt · 5 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 155 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 45 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 6,288 ft30 kt · 6,988 fttouchdown7,268 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 7,014 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 31 ft, 19 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 22 ft. Touched down 1,343 ft in, 343 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 7,014 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

31 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 22 ft · −477 fpm · 5.3° · 163 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −186 fpm · 6.4°−186 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 157 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 31 ft, down at 1,343 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 480 fpm at the flare to 190 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−186 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown, +1.1° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 7,014 ft of the 11,080 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 8 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,343 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,343 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 6,614 ft of 11,080 ft · 60 %
In the air over the runway, 1,343 ftRollout, 5,271 ft Left over, 4,466 ft
Rollout distance100.00
5,271ft60 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.9ft R

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The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 16L at KSEA, a movement that lasted 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Takeoff was performed on runway 16L with a takeoff roll of 5,798 ft, representing 49 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 162 kt. The local weather at departure was temperature 56 °F, wind 5 kt from 120°, with a 4 kt crosswind and a 2 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 19 seconds, averaging 2,266 fpm and reaching 194 kt at the top of the segment. The aircraft then climbed from 1,316 ft asl to 34,978 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 99 nm, beginning the climb 1 mile east of Normandy Park.

Cruise was maintained at 35,000 ft asl for 87 minutes, covering 645 nm, with the cruise segment starting 7 miles north-west of 19WA Key Way Airport Stevenson.

Descent began from 34,999 ft asl and proceeded to 1,501 ft asl in 24 minutes, covering 130 nm, starting 9 miles west of Derby Acres. A brief level-off occurred at 3,600 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 25L at KLAX descended from 1,402 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 87 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was gear down at 3,125 ft agl with 197 kt, and final flap position 6 at 2,446 ft agl with 193 kt.

Landing on runway 25L, which is 11,080 ft long, occurred with a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 163 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown was 1,342 ft down the runway at 157 kt, noted as a little fast, with a touchdown rate of minus 186 fpm and very good runway alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 6,788 ft, 61 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather at landing was temperature 70 °F, wind 5 kt from 250°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 5 kt headwind.

After landing, the MD-11 taxied to the parking area, a movement that took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 884 nm in 141 minutes and consumed 40,390 lbs of fuel.

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