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KIND
Indianapolis, United States
Runway 23L
Elevation787 ft asl
Weight474,298 lbs
Fuel62,105 lbs
Wind120° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.66 %
KBOS
Boston, United States
Runway 22L
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight444,958 lbs
Fuel32,374 lbs
Wind200° · 3 kn
27 Oct 2026 1:45 756 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 29,731 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.98 %

What went well

Touchdown 1,301 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 30 ft and 157 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.1 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 263 fpm, −0.33 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 263 fpm−0.27
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.06

Next time

Arrival

Nothing to change in the speed, the height or the flare. Keep the landing attitude held until the mains are on, so the aircraft is not let down onto the runway in the last moment.

What happened: The touchdown rate was 262 fpm. Nothing before it explains that: threshold speed and height were within limits and the flare was flown normally.

Watch for: Touchdown rate: a little less than 262 fpm next time

See Arrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 0 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 ktmax 7 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport, Average speed was 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 3 kt3 kt min to max 4 kt 4 3 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport. Takeoff distance 5,310 ft 53 % of runway. Rotation speed was 153 kt. Local weather - Temperature 75 °F. Wind 2 kt at 120 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 5,310 ft53 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 153 ktTarget 149 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.1 ft left2.1 ft left to 2.1 ft right 0.8 2.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 7.8 ° -0.1 7.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 169 kt164 kt min to max 173 kt 164 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.07 g min to max 1.16 g 1.07 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 661 fpm180 fpm min to max 1,374 fpm 180 1,374 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °7.9 ° min to max 11.0 ° 7.9 11.0 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 174 kt173 kt min to max 178 kt 173 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.99 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,793 fpm1,384 fpm min to max 2,864 fpm 1,384 2,864 fpm
Info Average altitude 67 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 301 ft agl 27 301 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °11.1 ° min to max 13.9 ° 11.1 13.9 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 110 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 145 ft agl · 179 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 179 kt178 kt min to max 180 ktTarget 193 kt, 14 kt slow 178 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 62 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average VSI 3,211 fpm2,916 fpm min to max 3,408 fpm 2,916 3,408 fpm
Info Average altitude 607 ft agl348 ft agl min to max 880 ft agl 348 880 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.6 °14.0 ° min to max 15.0 ° 14.0 15.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of KIND Indianapolis International Airport Indianapolis (Indiana, United States). Climbing from 1,723 ft asl to 36,998 ft asl, an increase of 35,275 ft in 19 minutes and covering 138 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 260 kt180 kt min to max 308 kt 180 272 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.0 °0.0 ° min to max 24.5 ° 2.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.17 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,952 fpm0 fpm min to max 5,610 fpm 3,428 0 fpm
Info Average altitude 18,636 ft asl1,723 ft asl min to max 36,998 ft asl 1,723 36,998 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °2.9 ° min to max 15.4 ° 15.1 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination -4-27 min to max 16 -6 1

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 2,175 ft agl · 189 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,389 ft agl · 190 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 6,619 ft agl · 247 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,586 ft agl · 262 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of 7I7 Bellefontaine Mun Bellefontaine (Ohio, United States) and lasted 55 minutes, covering 489 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,350 ft of 36,998 ft asl36,933 ft asl min to max 37,283 ft asl 36,998 36,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 275 kt273 kt min to max 276 kt 273 275 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 10.0 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.76 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-12 min to max 7 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.7 ° min to max 3.7 ° 2.9 2.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles east of Cropseyville (New York, United States). Descent from 36,998 ft asl to 10,248 ft asl, a decrease of 26,750 ft in 12 minutes and covering 88 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 289 kt241 kt min to max 337 kt 275 249 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 0.1 0.1 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.00 g0.68 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -2,852 fpm-5,297 fpm min to max 11 fpm -4 -761 fpm
Info Average altitude 24,680 ft asl10,248 ft asl min to max 37,004 ft asl 36,998 10,248 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-4.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.8 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 1-3 min to max 8 -1 0

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 11,586 ft agl · 290 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Acton (Massachusetts, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,009 ft of 9,933 ft asl9,725 ft asl min to max 10,174 ft asl 10,174 9,725 ft asl
100 % Average speed 237 kt234 kt min to max 245 kt 241 245 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.8 °0.1 ° min to max 23.9 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.17 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination -7-22 min to max 1 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 2.6 2.7 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,662 ft agl · 274 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Pinehurst (Massachusetts, United States). Descent from 9,687 ft asl to 1,185 ft asl, a decrease of 8,502 ft in 7 minutes and covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 202 kt161 kt min to max 249 kt 247 162 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.0 ° min to max 24.2 ° 0.1 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,414 fpm-2,402 fpm min to max -236 fpm -243 -715 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,568 ft asl1,185 ft asl min to max 9,687 ft asl 9,687 1,185 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-2.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° 2.6 4.0 °
Info Turn coordination 5-16 min to max 23 0 10

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 8,626 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,399 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,451 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,440 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,187 ft agl · 175 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 22L at KBOS Logan International Airport. Descent from 1,208 ft agl to 62 ft agl in 91 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 990 ft agl · 160 kt
Arrival Landing 99.07Landing on runway 22L at KBOS Logan International Airport, runway length 9,020 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 157 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 157 kt. Target 157 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
96 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 8.6 ft left8.6 ft left to 0.1 ft left 8.6 0.1 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average speed 153 kt148 kt min to max 157 kt 157 148 kt
Info Average VSI -366 fpm-571 fpm min to max -298 fpm -571 -298 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 31 ft agl 31 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °5.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° 5.5 7.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 990 ft agl · 160 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 44 ft agl · 153 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 95.84Touchdown distance was good at 1,301 ft. Touchdown speed at 148 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -263 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 45 °F. Wind 3 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Touchdown rate was -263 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,301 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 148 ktTarget below 154 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.1 ft right0.4 ft right 0.1 -1.1 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.10 g1.01 g min to max 1.27 g 1.01 1.12 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 147 kt147 kt min to max 148 kt 148 147 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °6.8 ° min to max 7.0 ° 7.0 6.8 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 5,980 ft, 66 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 5,980 ft66 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.1 ft right2.8 ft left to 4.1 ft right -4.0 2.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Average speed 106 kt71 kt min to max 141 kt 141 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.8 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 49 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 45 kt10 kt min to max 71 kt 71 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 11 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt1 kt min to max 15 kt 10 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 10 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 153 kt, 4 kt above the 149 kt target, and lifted off at 164 kt 3.4 s later, the nose coming up at 2.2° a second. Climb 3 averaged 179 kt, 14 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1497.9° off · 2.2°/s12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 5 kt -0.2° 0 s
80 kt1,030 ft 80 kt -0.3° 14.5 s
Rotate4,151 ft · target 149 153 kt 0.4° 29.6 s
Liftoff5,087 ft · +11 kt from rotation 164 kt 7.9° 33.0 s
35 ft6,351 ft · 4.3 s after liftoff 174 kt 11.5° 37.2 s
Gear up6,682 ft · 62 ft · full marks to 400 ft 175 kt 12.5° 38.4 s
Climb 38,810 ft · 348 ft to 880 ft · target 193 179 kt avg 14.0° 45.7 s
End of Climb 311,903 ft · 880 ft 180 kt 15.1° 56.1 s

Takeoff from KIND 23L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
5,310ft53 %
Rotation speed100.00
153kttarget 149, 4 fast
Liftoff speed
164kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.1ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
62ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
179kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
661fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 880 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,395 ft of runway left; gear up at 62 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,280 fpm on average to 880 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3179 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 153 kttarget 149Liftoff 164 ktGear up 62 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 9,991 ft runway.

Rolled from 245 ft in, never more than 3 ft off the centreline. Airborne 53 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 2.8 ft LROLL 245 FT INAirborne 5,331 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 5,331 ft of 9,991 ft · 53 %
Behind the start of the roll, 245 ftTakeoff roll, 5,087 ft Left ahead, 4,660 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate620 fpm850 fpm
On glideslope2.8°3.2°
On centreline0.1° off0.0° off
On speed+3.9 kt+4.8 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KBOS 22L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 140 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,1786753711981,000 ft gate7 of 7962 ft · 161 kt500 ft gate7 of 7564 ft · 162 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 16× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 70 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR190 ft L0190 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND70 ft L2 ft R6 ft L3 ft L11 ft L1 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 39 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +0 kt and +6 kt on the approach speed of 157 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 157+5 kt+6 kt+6 kt+4 kt+0 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KBOS 22L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
30ft
Threshold speed100.00
157kton target
Centreline offset100.00
8.6ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,301ft
Centreline100.00
1.1ft R
Speed100.00
147kttarget 154 or less
Touchdown rate79.51
-263fpm
Impact98.86
1.27G
BouncesOk
None
The flare96.30

Excellent landing flare. It lost 3.7 points, partly for taking only 429 fpm of the sink out.

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 200° at 3 kt · 3 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 142 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 40 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 5,087 ft30 kt · 5,828 fttouchdown6,061 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 6,245 ft of the approach.

Began the flare at 36 ft, 127 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 30 ft, 20 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,301 ft in, 301 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 6,245 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

30 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 36 ft, 127 ft before the threshold−683 fpm · 5.1° · 158 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −256 fpm · 7°−262 fpm · 7° nose up · 148 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 30 ft, down at 1,301 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 680 fpm at the flare to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−262 fpm at touchdown7° at touchdown, +1.9° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 6,245 ft of the 9,020 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 5 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,301 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,301 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 5,845 ft of 9,020 ft · 65 %
In the air over the runway, 1,301 ftRollout, 4,544 ft Left over, 3,175 ft
Rollout distance100.00
4,544ft65 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.1ft R

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Flight narrative

The MD-11 departed Indianapolis International Airport (KIND) on runway 23L. The take-off roll was 5,310 ft, which is 53 % of the runway length, and rotation occurred at 153 kt. Local weather was 75 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 120°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 20 seconds, averaging 2,332 fpm and reaching 180 kt at the top of the segment. The aircraft then climbed from 1,723 ft asl to 36,998 ft asl in 19 minutes, covering 138 nm, beginning about 1 mile southwest of KIND.

Cruise was level at 37,000 ft asl for 55 minutes, covering 489 nm, starting roughly 2 miles southeast of Bellefontaine (7I7). Descent began from 36,998 ft asl and proceeded to 1,185 ft asl in 20 minutes, covering 121 nm, starting 6 miles east of Cropseyville, with a brief level-off at 9,900 ft asl.

Final approach to Logan International Airport (KBOS) runway 22L started from 1,208 ft agl and descended to 62 ft agl in 91 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 2,451 ft agl at 182 kt; final flap position 6 was selected at 2,187 ft agl at 175 kt.

Landing on runway 22L was performed with a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 157 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 1,301 ft down the runway at 148 kt, a speed judged good, with a touchdown rate of minus 263 fpm, rated fair. Alignment on touchdown and during rollout was perfect. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 5,980 ft, which is 66 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment remained perfect.

Local weather at KBOS was 45 °F with a wind of 3 kt from 200°, a 0 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind. After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 756 nm in 105 minutes and consumed 29,731 lb of fuel.

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