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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A slow rotation
The nose came up at 131 kt against the 132 kt rotate speed, and rose at 1.8° a second, slower than the 2.1 to 2.9 other Cessna 750 Citation X pilots fly.
The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 9,996 ft runway.
Rolled from 182 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 9 ft at the widest, and lifted off 10 ft right. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 932 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 3,558 ft of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 900 fpm on average to 932 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 750 Citation X pilots over the last 180 days (54 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 32 kt above the approach speed of 128 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 19 kt above the approach speed of 128 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast until 0.6 nm, low from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.9 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 130 ft under).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 20 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 0.6 nm (up to +70 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare wandered off the target profile
The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 268 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Began the flare at 43 ft, 986 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 8 ft, 42 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 268 ft in, 732 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 480 fpm at the flare to 350 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.5° on the way down. Into the flare at 130 kt, on the 128 kt approach speed, and 124 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,095 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 15 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 22 ft left at the widest. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 268 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 352 fpm arrival was firm.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 124 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.25 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 18L at KTUL Tulsa International Airport in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Takeoff was made on runway 18L. The aircraft used 3,694 ft of runway, which is 37 % of the available length, and rotated at 131 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 63 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, with a 2 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 59 seconds, averaging 961 fpm and reaching 167 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 1,629 ft asl to 25,008 ft asl in 12 minutes, covering 53 nm and beginning 2 nm south of KTUL.
The aircraft levelled at 25,000 ft asl for 38 minutes, covering 317 nm, beginning 2 nm west of Jay.
Descent from 24,999 ft asl to 1,706 ft asl was completed in 17 minutes, covering 95 nm and beginning 4 nm north of McLeansboro.
Final approach to runway 27 at KRSV Robinson Municipal Airport began with a descent from 1,292 ft agl to 26 ft agl in 90 seconds. Stabilisation checks were performed at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. The checks were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, and wings level; the speed check was not met. The landing gear was lowered at 1,553 ft agl while the aircraft was at 234 kt. The final flap position 4 was selected at 335 ft agl with the aircraft at 152 kt.
Landing on runway 27 was completed with a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 125 kt. The flare was described as good, with the aircraft flown onto the runway with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 267 ft from the threshold at a speed of 124 kt and a firm rate of minus 353 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 15 ft from the centreline, but there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 1,981 ft, which is 39 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was very good. Local weather at landing was temperature 59 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, with a 2 kt head-wind and no cross-wind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered a total distance of 474 nm, lasted 77 minutes, and used 0 lb of fuel.
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