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FAOR
Johannesburg, South Africa
Runway 03L
Elevation5,499 ft asl
Weight1,574 kg
Fuel150 kg
Wind270° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

93.08 %
FAOR
Johannesburg, South Africa
Runway 03L
Elevation5,499 ft asl
Weight1,574 kg
Fuel150 kg
Wind270° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross
20 Sep 2024 0:08 12 nm PA44 Seminole
Departure Score
95.77 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
83.48 %

What went well

Touched down at -236 fpm — a soft arrival
1.38 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout controlled — 42 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −2.18 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,348 m at 0 %, Runway alignment max 12.30 m at 66 %, −1.76 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 12.60 m at 65 %, −1.31 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 85.84Departure roll runway 03L at FAOR Johannesburg Intl. Takeoff distance 260 m 7 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 72 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 4 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 260 m7 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 72 knTarget 73 kn
79 % Runway alignment max 8.76 m8.76 m left to 0.00 m left 6.08 8.76 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.2 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.2 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.4 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 69 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.81Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 03L FAOR Johannesburg Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 75 kn 72 75 kn
95 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.95 g min to max 1.15 g 1.07 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 506 ft/m286 ft/m min to max 698 ft/m 286 698 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °5.9 ° min to max 10.6 ° 5.9 9.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 34 ft agl · 83 kt
Departure Climb 2 99.33Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 03L FAOR Johannesburg Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.2 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 76 kn75 kn min to max 80 kn 75 80 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.01 g 0.95 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 762 ft/m669 ft/m min to max 916 ft/m 700 674 ft/m
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 352 ft agl 45 352 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °9.3 ° min to max 10.8 ° 9.8 9.7 °
Departure Climb 3 99.12Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 03L FAOR Johannesburg Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.5 °1.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.0 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn72 kn min to max 81 kn 81 72 kn
96 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.0 3.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,213 ft/m713 ft/m min to max 1,599 ft/m 713 1,599 ft/m
Info Average altitude 623 ft agl364 ft agl min to max 947 ft agl 364 947 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.2 °10.2 ° min to max 16.5 ° 10.2 16.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north of FAOR Johannesburg Intl Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa). Climbing from 6,511 ft asl to 7,649 ft asl, an increase of 1,138 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 79 kn71 kn min to max 101 kn 72 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.0 ° min to max 18.0 ° 5.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.82 g min to max 1.06 g 0.95 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 1,203 ft/m30 ft/m min to max 1,616 ft/m 1,586 30 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7,058 ft asl6,511 ft asl min to max 7,649 ft asl 6,511 7,649 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °1.0 ° min to max 16.0 ° 16.0 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north of FAOR Johannesburg Intl Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa). Descent from 7,646 ft asl to 6,892 ft asl, a decrease of 753 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 104 kn99 kn min to max 110 kn 104 110 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °1.0 ° min to max 20.5 ° 6.4 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -726 ft/m-1,658 ft/m min to max 164 ft/m -13 -1,599 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7,365 ft asl6,892 ft asl min to max 7,661 ft asl 7,646 6,892 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-6.9 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.4 -6.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,213 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,123 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Modderfontein (Gauteng, South Africa) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 6,718 ft asl6,586 ft asl min to max 6,866 ft asl 6,866 6,586 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kn83 kn min to max 111 kn 110 83 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.21 g 1.08 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-5.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° -5.0 2.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,202 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,190 ft agl · 104 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Edenvale (Gauteng, South Africa). Descent from 6,582 ft asl to 6,172 ft asl, a decrease of 411 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kn83 kn min to max 93 kn 83 89 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.0 ° min to max 22.6 ° 0.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -390 ft/m-801 ft/m min to max -100 ft/m -210 -413 ft/m
Info Average altitude 6,373 ft asl6,172 ft asl min to max 6,582 ft asl 6,582 6,172 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-2.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.9 0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 658 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 663 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 651 ft agl · 98 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of FAOR Johannesburg Intl Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 6,111 ft asl6,058 ft asl min to max 6,164 ft asl 6,164 6,058 ft asl
100 % Average speed 89 kn85 kn min to max 92 kn 89 86 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.0 °0.3 ° min to max 29.1 ° 0.6 27.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.88 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 6.8 ° 0.6 2.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 564 ft agl · 100 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of FAOR Johannesburg Intl Johannesburg (Gauteng, South Africa). Descent from 6,055 ft asl to 5,757 ft asl, a decrease of 298 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kn76 kn min to max 85 kn 85 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.3 ° min to max 28.8 ° 28.5 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.72 g min to max 1.26 g 1.00 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -612 ft/m-1,199 ft/m min to max -128 ft/m -128 -327 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,884 ft asl5,757 ft asl min to max 6,055 ft asl 6,055 5,757 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-4.7 ° min to max 4.3 ° 1.0 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 96.79Approaching runway 03L at FAOR Johannesburg Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 250 ft agl to 117 ft agl. A decrease of 133 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.2 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.0 ° 2.2 4.4 °
100 % Average speed 73 kn71 kn min to max 76 kn 76 71 kn
93 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.7 -0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 4.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.12 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -244 ft/m-461 ft/m min to max -89 ft/m -429 -252 ft/m
Info Average altitude 141 ft agl117 ft agl min to max 250 ft agl 250 117 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °1.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 1.9 4.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 73.89Landing on runway 03L at FAOR Johannesburg Intl, runway length 3,987 m. Threshold height at 57 ft agl was slightly above target. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 71 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 71 kn. Target 76 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.1 0.8 °
99.7 % Average g force 0.99 g0.74 g min to max 1.51 g 0.98 0.85 g
Info Average speed 62 kn58 kn min to max 71 kn 71 60 kn
Info Average VSI -114 ft/m-466 ft/m min to max 110 ft/m -257 -217 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl-16 ft agl min to max 57 ft agl 57 -16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °1.9 ° min to max 13.7 ° 4.0 2.4 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 5 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 12 ft agl · 73 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,5001,57501123344556Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,5001,575-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 78.93Touchdown point was 912 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 60 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -217 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.3 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 4 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Touchdown VSI was -217 ft/m.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,348 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 60 knTarget 62 kn
66 % Runway alignment max 12.30 m12.24 m left 12.18 12.30 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.21 g0.85 g min to max 1.38 g 0.85 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 60 kn60 kn min to max 60 kn 60 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.4 2.9 °
Arrival Rollout 84.33Total landing distance 1,714 m, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.6 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,714 m43 % of runway.
65 % Runway alignment max 12.60 m12.60 m left to 0.00 m left 12.33 0.64 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 65 kn36 kn min to max 68 kn 68 36 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.2 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 28 kn 28 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.5 ° -0.1 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 72 kt with 5.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.9° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 60 kt 1.2° 0 s
Liftoff266 m 72 kt 5.9° 6.7 s
35 ft465 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 75 kt 10.5° 11.4 s
End of Climb 32,841 m · 947 ft 72 kt 16.3° 64 s

Takeoff from FAOR 03L

Takeoff roll100.00
260m7 %
Liftoff speed100.00
72kt
Runway alignment79.19
8.76m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.81
505fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 947 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,289 m of runway left; then climbing at 990 fpm on average to 947 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 72 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,987 m runway.

Rolled from 1,233 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 8.9 m left. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 8.83 m LROLL 1,233 M INAirborne 1,499 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,499 m of 3,987 m · 38 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,233 mTakeoff roll, 266 m Left ahead, 2,488 m

The approach to FAOR 03L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 100 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND500283146
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 247 m left of the centreline at 1.6 nm, then inside it from 1.3 to 1.1 nm, then 65 m right of it from 1.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND141 m L53 m R25 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on FAOR 03L

Over the threshold

Threshold height95.60
56ft
Threshold speed100.00
70kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.08m L

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
1,353m
Centreline66.29
12.30m L
Speed100.00
59kt
Touchdown rate95.96
-236fpm
Impact100.00
1.38G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

3 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 60 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 270° at 4 kt · 1 kt tail · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 68 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 295 m30 kt · 383 mtouchdown398 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,820 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 56 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,353 m in, 1,048 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,820 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

56 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −217 fpm · 2.4° nose up · 60 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 56 ft, down at 1,353 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 56 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 460 fpm before coming down at 220 fpm to touch. The nose went down 1.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°7°14°touchdown−217 fpm at touchdown2.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,820 m of the 3,987 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 12 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.8 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 1,353 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,353 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,698 m of 3,987 m · 43 %
In the air over the runway, 1,353 mRollout, 345 m Left over, 2,289 m
Rollout distance100.00
345m42 % used
Rollout alignment65.17
12.60m L

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