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CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 05
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight32,763 kg
Fuel4,443 kg
Wind140° · 8 kn · 8 kn cross

Flight Score

93.10 %
CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 05
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight32,173 kg
Fuel3,725 kg
Wind139° · 10 kn · 10 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 0:23 56 nm CRJ900 718 kg
Departure Score
99.88 %
Enroute Score
95.18 %
Arrival Score
84.24 %

What went well

Touched down at -158 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 3.51 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 92 %

What held you back

Arrival Approach — stall warning; 1,000 ft gate 57 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −3.17 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target at 52 %, −1.57 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 37 %, −1.40 points

Next time

Arrival

Steepen the descent on final to rejoin the glideslope, aiming to cross the threshold at 50 ft.

What happened: The approach drifted above the glideslope, carrying the aircraft across the threshold at 76 ft against the 50 ft target. Crossing the threshold high like this usually carries the touchdown point long.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude against 50 ft on short final to confirm the glidepath is recaptured before the threshold.

See Arrival ApproachArrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 15 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 8 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-2.6 ° min to max -1.5 ° -2.1 -2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 7 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 7 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 19 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt7 kt min to max 8 kt 7 8 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-2.1 ° min to max -1.9 ° -2.1 -1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 99.40Departure roll runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,328 m 40 % of runway. Rotation speed was 130 kt. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 10 kt at 140 °. Crosswind: 10 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,328 m40 % of runway
97 % Rotation speed was 130 ktTarget 144 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.16 m left3.16 m left to 1.79 m right 0.69 -1.35 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 0.94 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.4 ° min to max 7.2 ° -1.9 7.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 1.6 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 05 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 158 kt150 kt min to max 166 kt 150 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.6 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.94 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 507 fpm227 fpm min to max 801 fpm 227 801 fpm
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 0 45 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °7.3 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.3 9.4 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 05 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt166 kt min to max 176 kt 166 175 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.06 g min to max 1.21 g 1.06 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 1,378 fpm818 fpm min to max 3,644 fpm 818 3,644 fpm
Info Average altitude 106 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl 47 380 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °9.5 ° min to max 17.4 ° 9.5 17.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 67 ft agl · 168 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 05 CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 175 kt170 kt min to max 177 ktTarget 166 kt, 9 kt fast 177 170 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.76 g min to max 1.09 g 1.06 0.76 g
100 % Landing gear up at 48 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.1 °1.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 1.2 °
Info Average VSI 4,556 fpm3,932 fpm min to max 5,000 fpm 3,932 5,000 fpm
Info Average altitude 679 ft agl447 ft agl min to max 923 ft agl 447 923 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 19.7 °18.3 ° min to max 20.8 ° 18.3 19.2 °
Enroute Climb 99.85Enroute climb started 1 mile north of CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,566 ft asl to 8,736 ft asl, an increase of 7,170 ft in 2 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 178 kt129 kt min to max 205 kt 170 129 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.0 ° min to max 20.9 ° 0.8 0.5 °
99 % Average g force 0.99 g0.59 g min to max 1.34 g 0.84 0.59 g
Info Average VSI 2,225 fpm-73 fpm min to max 7,800 fpm 4,766 2,531 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,215 ft asl1,566 ft asl min to max 8,736 ft asl 1,566 8,736 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 12.4 °7.2 ° min to max 33.2 ° 19.7 16.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,519 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 5,582 ft agl · 229 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 5,695 ft agl · 231 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,845 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 7,746 ft agl · 159 kt
Enroute Descent 96.46Enroute descent started 3 miles north of Humber Summit (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 8,853 ft asl to 6,932 ft asl, a decrease of 1,922 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Average speed 251 kt143 kt min to max 266 kt 143 252 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.2 °0.1 ° min to max 28.0 ° 0.2 26.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 0.87 1.18 g
Info Average VSI -648 fpm-2,633 fpm min to max 409 fpm 409 -242 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,181 ft asl6,932 ft asl min to max 8,853 ft asl 8,853 6,932 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-2.2 ° min to max 11.6 ° 11.6 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 7,107 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 6,587 ft agl · 278 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 6,587 ft agl · 278 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 6,468 ft agl · 277 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,428 ft agl · 278 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of CPW3 Nobleton Airport Nobleton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±846 ft of 6,885 ft asl6,855 ft asl min to max 6,930 ft asl 6,930 6,886 ft asl
100 % Average speed 240 kt224 kt min to max 267 kt 252 267 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.6 °0.5 ° min to max 26.4 ° 25.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.98 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.1 ° min to max 3.7 ° 2.8 2.1 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 6,878 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 5,988 ft agl · 275 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 5,988 ft agl · 275 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 5,982 ft agl · 274 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5,982 ft agl · 274 kt
Enroute Descent 2 74.78Enroute descent started 2 miles north of CYBM Little's Farm Brampton (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 6,887 ft asl to 2,954 ft asl, a decrease of 3,934 ft in 3 minutes and covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
37 % Average speed 278 kt235 kt min to max 312 kt 275 235 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.0 °0.1 ° min to max 27.5 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.73 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,701 fpm-2,145 fpm min to max 38 fpm 6 -407 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,809 ft asl2,954 ft asl min to max 6,890 ft asl 6,887 2,954 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.9 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.0 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 6,887 ft agl
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 5 miles north of Milton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±647 ft of 2,823 ft asl2,544 ft asl min to max 2,935 ft asl 2,935 2,544 ft asl
100 % Average speed 179 kt136 kt min to max 230 kt 230 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 19.0 °1.5 ° min to max 28.1 ° 9.0 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.87 g min to max 1.24 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °3.1 ° min to max 10.6 ° 3.3 7.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,026 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,018 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,018 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,005 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 1,958 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,948 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,941 ft agl · 156 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south of Brampton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±627 ft of 2,030 ft asl1,435 ft asl min to max 2,537 ft asl 2,537 1,435 ft asl
100 % Average speed 158 kt143 kt min to max 170 kt 143 149 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.7 °0.1 ° min to max 26.4 ° 1.9 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-1.0 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,547 ft agl · 171 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,100 ft agl · 161 kt
Arrival Approach 71.43Final approach to runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Descent from 928 ft agl to 88 ft agl in 116 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
50 % Sink ratefailed at one of the two gates
50 % On glideslopefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 292 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 800 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 468 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 427 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 352 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 308 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 97 ft agl · 117 kt
Arrival Landing 85.86Landing on runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 3,343 m. Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 130 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 130 kt. Target 131 kt
52 % Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
92 % The flare held the target profile well. The flare began at 74 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 718 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.58 m left4.58 m left to 2.57 m left 2.57 4.47 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.76 g min to max 1.30 g 1.15 1.07 g
Info Average speed 123 kt118 kt min to max 130 kt 130 118 kt
Info Average VSI -374 fpm-854 fpm min to max 283 fpm -464 -331 fpm
Info Average altitude 56 ft agl7 ft agl min to max 88 ft agl 76 7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °1.6 ° min to max 10.5 ° 8.0 7.6 °
07515022530037545052560067575082501633496582Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.44Touchdown point was 432 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 118 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -158 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 6 kt at 140 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown rate was -158 fpm.
71 % Touchdown distance was 718 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 118 ktTarget below 130 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.47 m left3.90 m left 4.47 3.51 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.6 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.19 g 1.07 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 115 kt111 kt min to max 118 kt 118 111 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °6.6 ° min to max 7.6 ° 7.6 6.6 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 130 kt, 14 kt below the 144 kt target, and lifted off at 149 kt 5.0 s later, the nose coming up at 1.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 175 kt, 9 kt over its 166 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 166180 kt12060025°13°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1447.3° off · 1.7°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 7 kt -1.9° 0 s
80 kt352 m 80 kt -1.7° 74 s
Rotate921 m · target 144 130 kt -1.5° 84 s
Liftoff1,295 m · +19 kt from rotation 149 kt 7.3° 89 s
35 ft1,673 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 164 kt 9.1° 94 s
Gear up1,744 m · 48 ft · full marks to 400 ft 166 kt 9.5° 95 s
Climb 32,587 m · 447 ft to 924 ft · target 166 175 kt avg 18.3° 104 s
End of Climb 33,104 m · 924 ft 170 kt 19.2° 110 s

Takeoff from CYYZ 05

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,328m40 %
Rotation speed96.99
130kttarget 144, 14 slow
Liftoff speed
149kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.16m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
48ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
175kttarget 166
Rate of climb100.00
507fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 924 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,631 m of runway left; gear up at 48 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,610 fpm on average to 924 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3175 kt avgtarget 166THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 130 kttarget 144Liftoff 149 ktGear up 48 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,343 m runway.

Rolled from 38 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.7 m right, in 8 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS8 kn75 %widest 2.92 m LROLL 38 M INAirborne 1,333 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,333 m of 3,343 m · 40 %
Behind the start of the roll, 38 mTakeoff roll, 1,295 m Left ahead, 2,010 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 57.144 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,470 fpm600 fpm
On glideslope1.6°2.5°
On centreline0.9° off0.3° off
On speed−19 kt−14 kt
Wings level0° bank3° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3° and speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 131 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 131 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.5 nm, about 170 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to CYYZ 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Outside the glideslope band twice; furthest off 590 ft low at 2.9 nm.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND9173951311801,000 ft gate4 of 7sink rateon glideslopeon speed548 ft · 112 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on speed460 ft · 117 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 146 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND101 m L20 m L14 m R6 m R95 m L14 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 3.4 nm, then slow to 0.5 nm (up to −26 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 131+19 kt−8 kt−18 kt−5 kt−1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on CYYZ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height52.31
76ft
Threshold speed100.00
129kttarget 131, 2 slow
Centreline offset100.00
4.58m L

Touchdown

Past threshold71.48
718m
Centreline100.00
4.47m L
Speed100.00
117kttarget 130 or less
Touchdown rate98.60
-158fpm
Impact100.00
1.19G
BouncesOk
None
The flare91.72

The flare held the target profile well. The flare began at 74 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 718 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.

The crosswind

9 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 118 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 139° at 10 kt · 0 kt tail · 9 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Began the flare high, at 74 ft, 4 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 76 ft, 26 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 718 m in, 413 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

76 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 74 ft, 4 m before the threshold−253 fpm · 7.8° · 130 kt−157 fpm · 7.6° nose up · 118 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 76 ft, down at 718 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 370 fpm before coming down at 160 fpm to touch. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°6°11°touchdown−157 fpm at touchdown7.6° at touchdown, −0.2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,343 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.5 m left of the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 9 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 718 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 718 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 718 m of 3,343 m · 21 %
In the air over the runway, 718 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 2,625 m

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The CRJ900 taxied from the parking area to runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, a taxi of 15 minutes covering 4 nm.

The aircraft departed runway 05, using 1,328 m of runway (40 % of runway). Rotation occurred at 130 kt. Local weather at departure was 18 °C with wind 10 kt from 140°, a 10 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 19 seconds, averaging 2,152 fpm and reaching 170 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,566 ft asl to 8,736 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 8 nm, beginning about 1 mile north of CYYZ.

Descent began from 8,853 ft asl to 1,435 ft asl in 9 minutes, covering 39 nm, starting 3 miles north of Humber Summit, with a brief level-off at 6,900 ft asl.

On final approach to runway 05, descent from 928 ft agl to 88 ft agl took 116 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, centreline and wings level; they were not met for sink rate (at one gate), glideslope (at one gate) and speed. At 800 ft agl the aircraft was in final flap position 5 with a speed of 146 kt.

Landing on runway 05 (runway length 3,343 m) occurred with a threshold height of 76 ft agl, noted as well above target, and a threshold speed of 130 kt, described as good. The flare was very poor; the aircraft ran out of speed in the flare. Touchdown was 432 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 118 kt (good) and a rate of -158 fpm (good). The touchdown point was slightly misaligned, 4.5 m off the centreline. No bounce occurred. Local weather at landing was 17 °C with wind 6 kt from 140°, a 6 kt crosswind and no headwind.

The total flight covered 56 nm in 23 minutes and consumed 718 kg of fuel.

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