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KBZN
Bozeman, United States
Runway 12
Elevation4,423 ft asl
Weight69,687 kg
Fuel8,970 kg
Wind170° · 9 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

99.30 %
KSFO
San Francisco, United States
Runway 28L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight64,603 kg
Fuel3,649 kg
Wind20° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross
21 Oct 2026 2:16 791 nm Airbus A320ceo 5,322 kg
Departure Score
99.85 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.04 %

What went well

Threshold crossed at 14 ft and 136 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.43 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 91 %

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 322 fpm, −0.43 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 322 fpm−0.42
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.35 G at contact−0.02
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 91 %, −0.15 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 519 m at 93 %, −0.07 points

Next time

Arrival

Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 421 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 321 fpm.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 17 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 10 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.4 °

Events

Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 12 at KBZN Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, Average speed was 14 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 11 kt 10 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.0 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 12 at KBZN Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,891 m 69 % of runway. Rotation speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 11 kt at 169 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,891 m69 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 144 ktTarget 153 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.65 m right3.04 m left to 3.65 m right -2.47 -0.65 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 10.7 ° -0.2 10.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.1 2.4 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12 KBZN Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 161 kt159 kt min to max 163 kt 159 163 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.4 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g1.05 g min to max 1.23 g 1.05 1.23 g
Info Average VSI 540 fpm197 fpm min to max 1,167 fpm 197 1,167 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 30 ft agl 0 30 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.9 °10.9 ° min to max 17.4 ° 10.9 17.4 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 44 ft agl · 177 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 44 ft agl · 177 kt
Departure Climb 2 99.96Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 12 KBZN Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 163 kt161 kt min to max 163 kt 163 161 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.0 2.0 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.23 g1.00 g min to max 1.26 g 1.23 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,808 fpm1,201 fpm min to max 4,012 fpm 1,201 4,012 fpm
Info Average altitude 67 ft agl31 ft agl min to max 293 ft agl 31 293 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 19.5 °17.5 ° min to max 22.8 ° 17.5 21.7 °
Departure Climb 3 99.30Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 12 KBZN Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 154 kt152 kt min to max 159 ktTarget 164 kt, 10 kt slow 159 152 kt
97 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.3 ° min to max 25.7 ° 0.8 25.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.87 g0.75 g min to max 1.03 g 0.89 0.88 g
100 % Landing gear up at 19 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.8 1.8 °
Info Average VSI 3,046 fpm2,346 fpm min to max 4,122 fpm 4,122 2,445 fpm
Info Average altitude 702 ft agl369 ft agl min to max 984 ft agl 369 984 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 17.8 °15.2 ° min to max 20.6 ° 20.6 16.7 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Belgrade (Montana, United States). Climbing from 5,504 ft asl to 36,009 ft asl, an increase of 30,505 ft in 16 minutes and covering 95 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 260 kt151 kt min to max 310 kt 152 258 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.0 °0.0 ° min to max 29.6 ° 26.0 0.0 °
99.97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.71 g min to max 1.36 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,799 fpm-65 fpm min to max 3,511 fpm 2,243 -6 fpm
Info Average altitude 17,176 ft asl5,504 ft asl min to max 36,010 ft asl 5,504 36,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °3.0 ° min to max 20.2 ° 17.6 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 1-9 min to max 13 12 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 1,088 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,119 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,944 ft agl · 230 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,987 ft agl · 246 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,413 ft agl · 313 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 17 miles west of Dillon (Montana, United States) and lasted 85 minutes, covering 562 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,300 ft of 36,015 ft asl35,969 ft asl min to max 36,052 ft asl 36,007 35,996 ft asl
100 % Average speed 259 kt255 kt min to max 261 kt 258 259 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 19.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 4 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.8 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.5 3.2 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles north of Esparto (California, United States). Descent from 35,996 ft asl to 1,244 ft asl, a decrease of 34,752 ft in 23 minutes and covering 123 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 244 kt163 kt min to max 307 kt 259 163 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.1 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.85 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,248 fpm-7,233 fpm min to max 113 fpm 6 -734 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,049 ft asl1,244 ft asl min to max 36,016 ft asl 35,996 1,244 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-6.0 ° min to max 7.5 ° 3.2 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 0-10 min to max 13 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,914 ft agl · 290 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,514 ft agl · 219 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,875 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,871 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,497 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,482 ft agl · 179 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 28L at KSFO San Francisco International Airport. Descent from 1,246 ft agl to 36 ft agl in 94 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 5 959 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 829 ft agl · 144 kt
Arrival Landing 97.73Landing on runway 28L at KSFO San Francisco International Airport, runway length 3,371 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 136 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 136 kt. Target 138 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
91 % The flare mostly held the target profile. Pitch reached 8.6° at touchdown, well above this aircraft's ground attitude. Touchdown was 519 m past the threshold. That is tail strike territory - stop the rotation once the sink is arrested.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.36 m left1.36 m left to 0.76 m right 0.19 -0.76 m
99.8 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 1.00 g
Info Average speed 134 kt128 kt min to max 136 kt 136 128 kt
Info Average VSI -130 fpm-424 fpm min to max 53 fpm -424 -321 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 14 ft agl 14 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.1 ° min to max 8.6 ° 8.1 8.6 °
07515022530037545052560001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.46Touchdown point was 99 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 128 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -322 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 6 kt at 20 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
69 % Touchdown rate was -322 fpm.
93 % Touchdown distance was 519 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 128 ktTarget below 130 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.43 m right1.01 m right -0.76 -1.43 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
94 % Average g force 1.12 g1.00 g min to max 1.35 g 1.00 1.27 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 128 kt127 kt min to max 128 kt 128 127 kt
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °8.6 ° min to max 9.7 ° 8.6 9.7 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,561 m, 46 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,561 m46 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.62 m right0.00 m left to 2.62 m right -2.62 -0.46 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.00 g
Info Average speed 98 kt65 kt min to max 129 kt 129 65 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 12.1 ° 9.9 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 45 kt18 kt min to max 65 kt 65 19 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 18 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 2 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 144 kt, 9 kt below the 153 kt target, and lifted off at 158 kt 6.0 s later, the nose coming up at 1.6° a second. Climb 3 averaged 154 kt, 10 kt under its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060025°13°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 15310.9° off · 1.6°/s18° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 12 kt 0.5° 0 s
80 kt315 m 80 kt 0.3° 13.9 s
Rotate1,295 m · target 153 144 kt 1.2° 30.3 s
Liftoff1,786 m · +14 kt from rotation 158 kt 10.9° 36.3 s
Gear up2,003 m · 19 ft · full marks to 400 ft 163 kt 16.2° 38.8 s
35 ft2,081 m · 3.3 s after liftoff 163 kt 18.0° 39.7 s
Climb 32,618 m · 370 ft to 985 ft · target 164 154 kt avg 20.6° 46.6 s
End of Climb 33,639 m · 985 ft 152 kt 16.7° 57.9 s

Takeoff from KBZN 12

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,891m69 %
Rotation speed100.00
144kttarget 153, 9 slow
Liftoff speed
158kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.65m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
19ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
154kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
539fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 985 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 545 m of runway left; gear up at 19 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,740 fpm on average to 985 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3154 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 144 kttarget 153Liftoff 158 ktGear up 19 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,736 m runway.

Rolled from 110 m in, drifted 3.9 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 69 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS4 kn75 %widest 3.86 m RROLL 110 M INAirborne 1,897 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,897 m of 2,736 m · 69 %
Behind the start of the roll, 110 mTakeoff roll, 1,786 m Left ahead, 839 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate810 fpm700 fpm
On glideslope2.9°3.0°
On centreline0.4° off0.4° off
On speed+16 kt+2.4 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then not again: low from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KSFO 28L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 2.8° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 60 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 2.8° here, which is about 300 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,2609606503502.8° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2249476443541801,000 ft gate7 of 71,050 ft · 154 kt500 ft gate7 of 7567 ft · 140 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 61 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR152 m L0152 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND61 m R38 m R23 m R14 m R9 m R45 m R21 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +26 kt on the approach speed of 138 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 138+26 kt+12 kt+2 kt+2 kt+3 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KSFO 28L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
14ft
Threshold speed100.00
136kttarget 138, 2 slow
Centreline offset100.00
1.36m L

Touchdown

Past threshold93.22
519m
Centreline100.00
1.43m R
Speed100.00
128kttarget 130 or less
Touchdown rate68.82
-322fpm
Impact94.29
1.35G
BouncesOk
None
The flare90.99

The flare mostly held the target profile. Pitch reached 8.6° at touchdown, well above this aircraft's ground attitude. Touchdown was 519 m past the threshold. That is tail strike territory - stop the rotation once the sink is arrested.

The crosswind

3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 128 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, wings level.

Wind 020° at 4 kt · 1 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 130 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 33 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,091 m30 kt · 1,336 mtouchdown1,389 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,647 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 32 ft, 153 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 14 ft, 36 ft below the 50 ft target; ballooned 3 ft from 13 ft. Touched down 519 m in, 214 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,647 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

14 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT held off 475 m from the lowest point 80 ft400 Flare began at 32 ft, 153 m before the threshold−697 fpm · 4.6° · 137 ktballooned +3 ft · from 13 ft to 16 ft−321 fpm · 8.6° nose up · 128 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 14 ft, down at 519 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 700 fpm at the flare to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−321 fpm at touchdown8.6° at touchdown, +3.9° from the flareclimbing 85 fpm
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,647 m of the 3,371 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 5.7 m right on the rollout, back to 0.3 m right by the end.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 519 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 519 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 321 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,525 m of 3,371 m · 45 %
In the air over the runway, 519 mRollout, 1,006 m Left over, 1,846 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,006m45 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.62m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo departed KBZN on runway 12. The take-off roll used 1,891 m, which was 69 % of the runway. Rotation was achieved at 144 kt. Local weather was 21 °C with a wind 11 kt from 169°, giving a 6 kt crosswind and a 9 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 20 seconds, averaging 2,298 fpm and reaching 152 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 5,504 ft asl to 36,009 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 95 nm and beginning 1 mile south-east of Belgrade.

The aircraft level-flew at 36,000 ft asl for 85 minutes, covering 562 nm, starting 17 miles west of Dillon.

Descent began at 35,996 ft asl and proceeded to 1,244 ft asl in 23 minutes, covering 123 nm, starting 5 miles north of Esparto.

On final approach to KSFO runway 28L, descent from 1,246 ft agl to 36 ft agl was completed in 94 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 1,497 ft agl at 180 kt; the final flap position 5 was selected at 959 ft agl at 153 kt.

Landing on runway 28L (runway length 3,371 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 136 kt. The flare was described as very good, though the nose was raised too far. Touchdown occurred 99 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 128 kt, which was good, with a firm touchdown rate of minus 322 fpm. Alignment on touchdown and during rollout was perfect. Local weather was 18 °C with wind 6 kt from 020°, giving a 6 kt crosswind and a 1 kt headwind. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,561 m, 46 % of the runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect.

Taxi from the runway to the parking area took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 791 nm in 136 minutes and used 5,322 kg of fuel.

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