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N87
Robbinsville, United States
Runway 29
Elevation95 ft asl
Weight1,992 lbs
Fuel118 lbs
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

92.82 %
N87
Robbinsville, United States
Runway 29
Elevation95 ft asl
Weight1,987 lbs
Fuel111 lbs
Wind270° · 1 kn
21 Nov 2024 0:10 6 nm Cessna C172 7 lbs
Departure Score
96.65 %
Pattern Score
92.95 %
Arrival Score
88.86 %

What went well

Touched down at -213 ft/m — a soft arrival
Touchdown 810 ft in — inside the full-score zone
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed at 47 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. at 44 %, Landing and flare profile at 87 %, −1.95 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 4.3 ° at 26 %, bank angle up to 7.2 ° at 89 %, −1.43 points
Pattern Base Leg — at 0 %, Heading -13.2 ° at 46 %, −1.17 points

Top opportunity

Keep the approach speed on target

Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kn0 kn min to max 12 kn 0 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °0.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.2 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville. Takeoff distance 1,135 ft 32 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 58 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,135 ft32 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 58 knTarget 65 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 14.5 ft9.3 ft left to 5.1 ft right 9.3 -3.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.6 ° -0.0 5.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.96Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 60 kn58 kn min to max 62 kn 58 62 kn
99.8 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.97 g min to max 1.17 g 1.10 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 607 ft/m344 ft/m min to max 722 ft/m 344 722 ft/m
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 1 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °5.6 ° min to max 10.0 ° 5.6 9.0 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 66 kn62 kn min to max 84 kn 62 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.8 4.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.82 g min to max 1.06 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 744 ft/m329 ft/m min to max 1,210 ft/m 722 353 ft/m
Info Average altitude 168 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 568 ft agl 48 568 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °3.3 ° min to max 12.2 ° 9.0 4.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 84 ft agl · 70 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 94 ft agl · 71 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville. Distance was less than 1 nm in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn85 kn min to max 95 kn 85 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 19.2 °6.3 ° min to max 27.7 ° 6.3 20.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.92 g min to max 1.18 g 1.02 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 670 ft/m369 ft/m min to max 925 ft/m 369 852 ft/m
Info Average altitude 687 ft agl599 ft agl min to max 785 ft agl 599 785 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °2.6 ° min to max 5.9 ° 4.4 5.4 °
Pattern Crosswind 89.63Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville. Distance was less than 1 nm in 24 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Heading -8.3 °-40.4 ° min to max 13.7 ° 13.7 -40.4 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn87 kn min to max 99 kn 96 99 kn
95 % Average g force 1.02 g0.66 g min to max 1.15 g 1.06 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 946 ft/m154 ft/m min to max 1,443 ft/m 828 154 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,025 ft agl799 ft agl min to max 1,184 ft agl 799 1,184 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 11.4 °0.4 ° min to max 28.4 ° 18.0 28.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °-1.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 5.0 -1.0 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 85.51Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 62.1 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
52 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 62.1 °.
100 % Average speed 106 kn100 kn min to max 109 kn 100 109 kn
100 % Average bank angle 23.5 °8.3 ° min to max 30.7 ° 27.6 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.01 g min to max 1.16 g 1.07 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -375 ft/m-618 ft/m min to max 62 ft/m 62 -354 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,152 ft agl1,117 ft agl min to max 1,184 ft agl 1,184 1,117 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.8 ° -0.8 -1.1 °
Pattern Downwind 100.00Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 56 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -4.8 °-39.7 ° min to max 0.2 ° -2.0 -39.7 °
100 % Average altitude 1,029 ft agl968 ft agl min to max 1,112 ft agl 1,112 968 ft agl
100 % Average speed 100 kn89 kn min to max 108 kn 108 89 kn
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.81 g min to max 1.18 g 1.05 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -163 ft/m-648 ft/m min to max 558 ft/m -322 -280 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 27.2 ° 4.6 27.0 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-3.2 ° min to max 5.0 ° -0.7 -3.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 941 ft agl · 102 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 100.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 43.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 43.5 °.
100 % Average speed 87 kn84 kn min to max 89 kn 89 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 21.0 °8.4 ° min to max 26.3 ° 26.3 8.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.04 g min to max 1.17 g 1.12 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -706 ft/m-845 ft/m min to max -552 ft/m -554 -552 ft/m
Info Average altitude 898 ft agl852 ft agl min to max 949 ft agl 949 852 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-5.0 ° min to max -2.0 ° -3.9 -2.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 896 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 866 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 851 ft agl · 92 kt
Pattern Base Leg 75.48Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Heading -13.2 °-61.8 ° min to max -2.1 ° -3.2 -61.8 °
100 % Average speed 76 kn74 kn min to max 82 kn 82 77 kn
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.11 g 0.90 1.11 g
0 % 0 0 ft/m
Info Average altitude 702 ft agl506 ft agl min to max 845 ft agl 845 506 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 9.2 °0.1 ° min to max 27.8 ° 3.6 27.2 °
Info Average pitch angle -4.2 °-9.3 ° min to max -1.1 ° -3.5 -9.3 °
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 71 kn61 kn min to max 78 kn 78 61 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °1.6 ° min to max 26.2 ° 26.2 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.90 g min to max 1.42 g 1.24 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -734 ft/m-1,275 ft/m min to max -437 ft/m -1,275 -642 ft/m
Info Average altitude 407 ft agl339 ft agl min to max 483 ft agl 483 339 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-7.3 ° min to max -0.7 ° -7.3 -3.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 358 ft agl · 79 kt
Arrival Final 1 82.84Approaching runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 327 ft agl to 87 ft agl. A decrease of 240 ft in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
26 % Approach angle 4.3 °3.9 ° min to max 5.8 °Target 3.0 ° 5.8 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 50 kn47 kn min to max 60 kn 60 47 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
89 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 7.2 ° 7.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -592 ft/m-928 ft/m min to max -520 ft/m -717 -557 ft/m
Info Average altitude 129 ft agl87 ft agl min to max 327 ft agl 327 87 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-4.6 ° min to max 1.0 ° -4.0 1.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 76.60Landing on runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville, runway length 3,565 ft. Threshold height at 66 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed at 47 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
44 % Threshold speed at 47 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 70 kn
76 % Target 50 ft agl
87 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average speed 42 kn35 kn min to max 47 kn 47 35 kn
Info Average VSI -428 ft/m-556 ft/m min to max -214 ft/m -556 -214 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 66 ft agl 66 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °1.1 ° min to max 9.8 ° 1.1 9.8 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 10 ft agl · 48 kt
025050075001325385163Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500750-50-40-30-20-1001020304050Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 96.02Touchdown distance was good at 803 ft. Touchdown speed at 35 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -214 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Touchdown VSI was -214 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 803 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 35 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.8 ft0.0 ft right 0.5 -0.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.4 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.5 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.99 g min to max 1.21 g 0.99 1.05 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 34 kn34 kn min to max 35 kn 35 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °4.5 ° min to max 10.2 ° 9.8 4.5 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 44 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,251 ft, 35 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,251 ft35 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 5.4 ft5.2 ft left to 0.2 ft right -0.2 1.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average speed 39 kn31 kn min to max 42 kn 42 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °0.9 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.6 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 38 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 1 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kn0 kn min to max 26 kn 26 4 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.4 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll1,135 ft · 32 %
100.00Liftoff speed57 kt
100.00Runway alignment9.3 ft L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.96Rate of climb606 ft/m

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

75.51Threshold height66 ft
44.15Threshold speed46 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.1 ft L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on N87 29

Past threshold100.00
810ft
Centreline100.00
0.2ft R
Speed100.00
35kt
Sink rate96.07
-213ft/m
Impact100.00
1.21G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 3,565 ft of the approach.

66 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 66 ft, down at 810 ft

Plan view — the full 3,565 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 810 ft past threshold CLEARED

The 810 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,202 ft of 3,565 ft · 34 %
Rollout distance100.00
392ft34 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
5.2ft L

The rest of the report

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Flight map
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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville in the Cessna C172
96.65 %
100 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville. Takeoff distance 1,135 ft 32 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 58 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 1,135 ft using 31.84 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 58 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
100 %
9.3 ft left to 5.1 ft right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
60 30 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
01,0002,0003,000-50-40-30-20-1001020304050 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
99.96 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Bank °
99.84 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 7.5 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 350 -100
90 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 29 N87 Trenton-Robbinsville.
Alignment
0 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
100 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
13 8 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 750 200
01,0002,0003,000055110165220275 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.750100200300400500 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.75-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville in the Cessna C172
Landing Score 88.86 %
82.84 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 327 ft agl to 87 ft agl. A decrease of 240 ft in 19 seconds.
Glideslope
25.61 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
25.61 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
60 50 40
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
88.58 %
8 4 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-520 -760 -1,000
00.250.50.751050100150200250300 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
76.6 %
Landing
Landing on runway 29 at N87 Trenton-Robbinsville, runway length 3,565 ft. Threshold height at 66 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed at 47 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
Height
75.51 %
Threshold height at 66 ft agl was above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
44.15 %
Threshold speed at 47 kt was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 70 kt
Flare
86.74 %
Very good landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
47 38 30
Pitch °
Info
10 5.5 1
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-217 -409 -600
025050075001325385163 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
0250500750-50-40-30-20-1001020304050 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
96.02 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 803 ft. Touchdown speed at 35 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -214 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
96.07 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -214 ft/m.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 35 kt was good. Target below 55 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 803 ft.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was perfect.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 1.0 °
G
100 %
G 1.08 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
100 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,251 ft, 35 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,251 ft using 35.09 % of runway
Alignment
100 %
Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
34 27 20
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
05001,000 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
Metrics
Metrics

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