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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.
What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 586 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 407 fpm.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 149 kt, 8 kt below the 157 kt target, and lifted off at 159 kt 4.2 s later, the nose coming up at 1.2° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 168 kt target, at 165 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,072 ft.
Reached 35 ft at the runway end; gear up at 69 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,010 fpm on average to 1,072 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,310 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 1.5 m off the centreline, in 12 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 72 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 21× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 18 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 145 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 8 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft settled on from there, 586 fpm of sink coming back, having crossed the threshold below target speed. Touchdown was 805 m past the threshold. Carry the speed to the flare and hold it lower - the aircraft ran out of lift before the wheels arrived, so the fix is energy on the approach, not attitude.
No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, 2° of bank.
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 43 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 18 ft; ballooned 6 ft from 5 ft. Touched down 805 m in, 500 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 160 fpm before coming down at 410 fpm to touch. The nose came up 3.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,660 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 5.3 m right of the centreline.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 805 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 407 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A321ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 27 at KSAN San Diego International Airport, a movement that lasted 18 minutes and covered 3 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 27 with a take-off distance of 1,675 m, representing 72 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 149 kt. Local weather at departure was 26 °C with wind 14 kt from 187°, a 14 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind component.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 30 seconds, averaging 1,883 fpm and reaching 161 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 1,134 ft asl to 33,981 ft asl in 19 minutes, covering 132 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of KSAN.
Cruise was level at 34,000 ft asl for 38 minutes, covering 334 nm, starting roughly 12 miles north of the 73CL Julian Hinds Pump Plant Airstrip.
Descent began from 33,672 ft asl to 5,520 ft asl in 23 minutes, covering 143 nm, starting 15 miles west of Kanosh, with a brief level-off at 11,100 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 16R at KSLC Salt Lake City International Airport descended from 1,334 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 93 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. Configuration on final was gear down at 3,062 ft agl with 204 kt, and final flap position 5 at 1,330 ft agl with 177 kt.
Landing was on runway 16R, whose length is 3,655 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 144 kt. The flare was described as very good; the aircraft dropped onto the runway at the end of the flare. Touchdown occurred 378 m beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 137 kt, with a hard rate of -407 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned, 6.8 m off the centreline. No bounce was observed. Local weather at landing was 17 °C with wind 17 kt from 150°, a 7 kt crosswind and a 15 kt headwind component.
The total flight covered 618 nm, lasted 93 minutes, and consumed 4,120 kg of fuel.
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