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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 154 kt, 6 kt below the 160 kt target, and lifted off at 161 kt 3.0 s later, the nose coming up at 2.4° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 168 kt target, at 165 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 789 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 797 m of runway left; gear up at 11 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,020 fpm on average to 789 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,045 m runway.
Rolled from 160 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 3.3 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.9 m left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 62 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.
At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.9 nm, about 350 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the centreline.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 735 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +1 kt on the approach speed of 142 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 269 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 109° at 6 kt · 6 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 146 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 31 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,536 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 28 ft. Touched down 269 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,536 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 780 fpm at the flare to 330 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,536 m of the 3,520 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4.6 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 1.2 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 269 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 328 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A321ceo departed from runway 30L at KMSP Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport. The take-off roll used 1,890 m, 62 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 154 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with wind 11 kt from 340°, giving a 7 kt crosswind and a 9 kt headwind.
Initial climb reached 1,000 ft agl in 21 seconds, averaging 1,805 fpm and attaining 164 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1,650 ft asl to 34,008 ft asl in 20 minutes, covering 128 nm, beginning about 1 mile east of Richfield. Cruise was maintained at 34,000 ft asl for 179 minutes, covering 1,165 nm, starting roughly 5 miles north-east of Rushmore. Descent began from 33,994 ft asl to 1,324 ft asl in 26 minutes, covering 116 nm, starting about 7 miles north-west of El Portal.
On final approach to runway 28R at KSFO San Francisco International Airport, descent from 1,355 ft agl to 59 ft agl took 96 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, speed, and wings level; the check for centreline was not met. Gear was lowered at 3,021 ft agl at 165 kt, and final flap position 5 was selected at 1,774 ft agl at 162 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 28R, whose length is 3,520 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was good at 142 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown was at 140 kt, a little fast, and the touchdown distance was good at 269 m. The vertical rate at touchdown was firm at minus 328 fpm. The aircraft touched down slightly off centreline by 4.6 m but there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 1,466 m, 42 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 1,416 nm in 233 minutes and used 9,837 kg of fuel. Local weather at KSFO was 16 °C with wind 6 kt from 110°, giving a 1 kt crosswind and a 6 kt tailwind.
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