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KVPZ
Valparaiso, United States
Runway 27
Elevation768 ft asl
Weight2,765 lbs
Fuel284 lbs
Wind270° · 10 kn

Flight Score

95.00 %
KIGQ
Chicago, United States
Runway 27
Elevation614 ft asl
Weight2,751 lbs
Fuel270 lbs
Wind280° · 10 kn · 2 kn cross
22 May 2024 0:16 23 nm Mooney Ovation M20R 14 lbs
Departure Score
94.32 %
Enroute Score
99.99 %
Arrival Score
88.37 %

What went well

Touchdown 885 ft in — inside the full-score zone
1.18 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 3,631 ft — 56 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 4.0 ° at 16 %, −2.10 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.1 ° at 32 %, −1.13 points
Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, −0.67 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Liftoff speed was 81 kn at 81 %, −0.59 points

Next time

Know your rotation speed

See Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kn0 kn min to max 23 kn 0 10 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 knmax 13 kn 0 10 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °3.7 ° min to max 4.5 ° 4.2 4.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 27 at KVPZ Porter County Rgnl, Average speed was 12 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 16 kn 10 16 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.7 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 0.99 g

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Departure Roll 91.17Departure roll runway 27 at KVPZ Porter County Rgnl. Takeoff distance 402 ft 6 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 81 kn. Local weather - Temperature 73 °F. Wind 10 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 10 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 402 ft6 % of runway
81 % Liftoff speed was 81 knTarget 68 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 7.2 ft0.0 ft left to 7.2 ft right -0.8 -6.2 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.8 ° min to max 4.3 ° 3.7 4.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 27 KVPZ Porter County Rgnl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 93 kn82 kn min to max 101 kn 82 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.0 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.11 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 401 ft/m323 ft/m min to max 532 ft/m 323 532 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 0 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °4.6 ° min to max 6.8 ° 4.6 6.8 °
Departure Climb 2 97.82Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 27 KVPZ Porter County Rgnl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.0 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 109 kn101 kn min to max 140 kn 101 140 kn
93 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.1 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 703 ft/m536 ft/m min to max 1,055 ft/m 536 911 ft/m
Info Average altitude 114 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 403 ft agl 48 403 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °3.6 ° min to max 8.0 ° 6.7 3.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 138 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 56 ft agl · 105 kt
Departure Climb 3 92.62Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 27 KVPZ Porter County Rgnl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Heading variation 4.4 °2.5 ° min to max 6.1 ° 2.5 6.1 °
100 % Average speed 148 kn141 kn min to max 153 kn 141 142 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.4 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,345 ft/m830 ft/m min to max 1,789 ft/m 877 1,442 ft/m
Info Average altitude 670 ft agl417 ft agl min to max 990 ft agl 417 990 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °3.8 ° min to max 7.6 ° 3.8 6.0 °
Enroute Climb 99.94Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Valparaiso (Indiana, United States). Climbing from 1,775 ft asl to 2,245 ft asl, an increase of 470 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 151 kn142 kn min to max 157 kn 142 157 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.6 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.2 0.6 °
99 % Average g force 0.98 g0.74 g min to max 1.04 g 0.93 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 917 ft/m216 ft/m min to max 1,521 ft/m 1,330 216 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,019 ft asl1,775 ft asl min to max 2,245 ft asl 1,775 2,245 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °1.3 ° min to max 6.2 ° 5.6 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Valparaiso (Indiana, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,096 ft asl2,010 ft asl min to max 2,252 ft asl 2,249 2,075 ft asl
100 % Average speed 178 kn158 kn min to max 185 kn 158 179 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south of Wheeler (Indiana, United States). Descent from 2,078 ft asl to 1,925 ft asl, a decrease of 153 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 183 kn179 kn min to max 189 kn 179 189 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -274 ft/m-663 ft/m min to max 166 ft/m 164 -638 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,044 ft asl1,925 ft asl min to max 2,095 ft asl 2,078 1,925 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-2.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 -1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Wheeler (Indiana, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,977 ft asl1,883 ft asl min to max 2,136 ft asl 1,915 2,136 ft asl
100 % Average speed 183 kn175 kn min to max 190 kn 189 175 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.9 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-1.9 ° min to max 2.7 ° -1.9 2.2 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Merrillville (Indiana, United States). Descent from 2,147 ft asl to 1,898 ft asl, a decrease of 249 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 178 kn173 kn min to max 186 kn 175 186 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -440 ft/m-961 ft/m min to max 641 ft/m 641 -576 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,076 ft asl1,898 ft asl min to max 2,182 ft asl 2,147 1,898 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-2.1 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 -0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Merrillville (Indiana, United States). Climbing from 1,890 ft asl to 2,146 ft asl, an increase of 256 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 178 kn164 kn min to max 186 kn 186 164 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.2 ° min to max 7.3 ° 0.2 7.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 460 ft/m-511 ft/m min to max 1,069 ft/m -511 308 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,974 ft asl1,862 ft asl min to max 2,146 ft asl 1,890 2,146 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° -0.5 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of 05C Griffith-Merrillville Griffith (Indiana, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,026 ft asl1,906 ft asl min to max 2,152 ft asl 2,150 1,906 ft asl
100 % Average speed 153 kn137 kn min to max 163 kn 163 137 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.0 ° min to max 9.1 ° 7.0 9.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Griffith (Indiana, United States). Descent from 1,901 ft asl to 1,255 ft asl, a decrease of 646 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 113 kn100 kn min to max 137 kn 137 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 8.9 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -404 ft/m-1,130 ft/m min to max -13 ft/m -296 -13 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,536 ft asl1,255 ft asl min to max 1,901 ft asl 1,901 1,255 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-4.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.0 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,265 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 947 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 810 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 759 ft agl · 108 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Griffith (Indiana, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn99 kn min to max 100 kn 100 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 47 ft/m-35 ft/m min to max 106 ft/m 44 -35 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,260 ft asl1,256 ft asl min to max 1,263 ft asl 1,256 1,261 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 74.77Approaching runway 27 at KIGQ Lansing Mun from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 646 ft agl to 461 ft agl. A decrease of 185 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
16 % Approach angle 4.0 °3.6 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.6 4.3 °
100 % Average speed 98 kn93 kn min to max 100 kn 99 93 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -374 ft/m-540 ft/m min to max -74 ft/m -74 -527 ft/m
Info Average altitude 568 ft agl461 ft agl min to max 646 ft agl 646 461 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.8 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -2.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 523 ft agl · 100 kt
11.251.51.752400450500550600Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-150-113-75-3803875113150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 86.46Approaching runway 27 at KIGQ Lansing Mun from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 451 ft agl to 47 ft agl. A decrease of 404 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
32 % Approach angle 3.1 °2.7 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.3 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn87 kn min to max 93 kn 93 87 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.5 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -587 ft/m-845 ft/m min to max -448 ft/m -588 -448 ft/m
Info Average altitude 120 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 451 ft agl 451 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° -2.1 0.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 97.09Landing on runway 27 at KIGQ Lansing Mun, runway length 3,395 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 87 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Threshold speed was well above target at 87 kn. Target 75 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average speed 83 kn78 kn min to max 87 kn 87 78 kn
Info Average VSI -379 ft/m-494 ft/m min to max -160 ft/m -446 -160 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 43 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.5 2.5 °
02505007501,00001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,000-40-32-24-16-80816243240Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 95.18Touchdown distance was good at 884 ft. Touchdown speed at 78 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was good at -160 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 74 °F. Wind 10 kn at 280 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 10 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Touchdown VSI was -160 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 884 ftTarget 1,500 ft
90 % Speed at touchdown 78 knTarget 70 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 4.3 ft3.1 ft right -0.5 -4.1 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.18 g 1.01 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 75 kn70 kn min to max 78 kn 78 70 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °2.4 ° min to max 5.3 ° 2.5 5.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 5 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 6 ft agl · 75 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 81 kt with 4.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.6° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 27 kt 3.7° 0 s
Liftoff1,030 ft 81 kt 4.6° 12.1 s
35 ft1,866 ft · 5.9 s after liftoff 100 kt 6.2° 18.0 s
End of Climb 312,888 ft · 990 ft 142 kt 6.0° 71 s

Takeoff from KVPZ 27

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
3,631ft56 %
Liftoff speed80.86
81kt
Runway alignment100.00
7.2ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
401fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 990 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 2,003 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,000 fpm on average to 990 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 81 ktSCALE CHANGES1.5 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 6,482 ft runway.

Rolled from 2,613 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 7 ft at the widest, and lifted off 6 ft right. Airborne 56 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 6.7 ft RROLL 2,613 FT INAirborne 3,643 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,643 ft of 6,482 ft · 56 %
Behind the start of the roll, 2,613 ftTakeoff roll, 1,030 ft Left ahead, 2,839 ft

The approach to KIGQ 27

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 190 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,123925662640508266
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 630 ft left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND625 ft L12 ft L61 ft L5 ft R20 ft R3 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KIGQ 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
43ft
Threshold speed88.35
87kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
885ft
Centreline100.00
4.3ft R
Speed90.40
78kt
Touchdown rate88.41
-160fpm
Impact100.00
1.18G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 280° at 10 kt · 10 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 3,395 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 43 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 885 ft in, close to the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,395 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

43 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −160 fpm · 2.5° nose up · 78 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 43 ft, down at 885 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 370 fpm at 41 ft to 160 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−160 fpm at touchdown2.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,395 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 885 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 885 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 885 ft of 3,395 ft · 26 %
In the air over the runway, 885 ftRollout, 0 ft Left over, 2,510 ft

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