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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 78 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 17 kt fast at 95 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 78 kt in the climb
Arrival
Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 62 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 47 kt, 15 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 62 kt at the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
The nose wandered in the climb
From 11 m to the end of the climb the nose moved between 1.7° and 11.9°, and the speed between 56 kt and 101 kt.
Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 716 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 1.2 m off the centreline. Airborne 42 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 374 m. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 11 m with 218 m of runway left; then climbing at 3.2 m/s on average to 374 m.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 11 m, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 11 m, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 1.4 to 3.7° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 172 pilots over the last 180 days (64 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 305 m and 152 m above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 305 m gate: no landing flap set and centreline more than 1° off.
At the 152 m gate: glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3° and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: left of the centreline all the way, no landing flap until 1.6 nm, high until 0.5 nm, slow from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 3.0 m/s, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
Why this is not a circuit
Off and back onto LFNW, scored as a flight. A circuit passes all five:
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 2.1 nm, then high to 0.5 nm (up to 158 m over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 98 m for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 15 m. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 705 m left of the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 305 m gate, closing to 19 at 152 m and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −15 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare wandered off the target profile
The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 3.0° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 138 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
Touchdown
Rollout
Side view — the last 716 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 18 m, close to the 15 m target; began the flare at 6 m. Touched down 138 m in, 166 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 24 m top to bottom, against 716 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 15 m over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 2.7 m/s at the flare to 1.4 m/s at touchdown. The nose came up 2.9° on the way down. Into the flare at 46 kt, 16 kt under the 62 kt approach speed, and 42 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −3 is 3 m a second down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 716 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 6.4 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 6.6 m left at the widest. Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, 2.6° of bank.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 138 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.4 m/s arrival was firm.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 7 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 172 taxied from the parking area to runway 32 at LFNW Puivert Airfield for 6 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Take-off was on runway 32. The aircraft used 316 m of runway, which is 44 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 48 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with wind 1 kt from 201°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
The initial climb to 304.8 m agl lasted 113 seconds, averaging 3.3 m/s, and the aircraft reached 101 kt at the top of the climb. Afterward it levelled at 732 m asl for 5 minutes, covering 7 nm while positioned about 2 mi north-west of Puivert.
For the final approach to runway 14, descent began from 261.6 m agl to 10.5 m agl in 188 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, on speed, and wings level; they were not met for landing flap (at one gate), on glideslope (at one gate), and on centreline. The aircraft was in final flap position 2 at 198.7 m agl with a speed of 88 kt.
Landing on runway 14 was on a runway 716 m long. The threshold height at 17.9 m agl was slightly above target and the threshold speed of 47 kt was well below target. The flare was described as good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 138 m down the runway at 42 kt and a rate of -1.5 m/s. The touchdown point was 6.4 m off the centreline but no bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 285 m, 40 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.
The flight covered 15 nm in 14 minutes and used 4 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 15 °C with wind 1 kt from 198°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
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