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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 78 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 30 kt fast at 108 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 78 kt in the climb
Arrival
On final, make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline.
What happened: The approach drifted off the centreline, and the aircraft touched down 12 m off the centreline before the rollout continued 20 m off it. Drifting off the centreline on approach usually carries through to touchdown and the rollout in the same direction.
Watch for: Centreline: track it with small rudder corrections, wings level.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A quick rotation
The nose came up at 76 kt against the 76 kt rotate speed, and rose at 7.2° a second, faster than the 1.4 to 3.7 other Cessna 172 pilots fly.
The rotation started on speed but the nose came up quickly. A fast pull raises the nose faster than the aircraft can lift off, which brings the tail closer to the runway. Pull smoothly at the normal rate for this aircraft and let it fly off at its own attitude.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 1,396 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 7.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.8 m right. Airborne 14 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 809 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 783 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,120 fpm on average to 809 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 1.4 to 3.7° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 172 pilots over the last 180 days (64 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off and speed more than 33 kt above the approach speed of 66 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off and speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 66 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way, banked until 3.4 nm, sinking too fast until 3.0 nm, no landing flap until 2.6 nm, right of the centreline from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 4.5° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 400 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 4.5° here, which is about 470 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 80 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 891 m left of the centreline, then 51 m right of it from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to the threshold (up to +80 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare mostly held the target profile
Crossing the threshold 16 kt above target, the flare ballooned 8 ft agl back up from 0 ft agl above the runway, 111 m in. Touchdown was 142 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 27 ft, 190 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 1 ft, 49 ft below the 50 ft target; ballooned 8 ft from 0 ft. Touched down 142 m in, 163 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 330 fpm before coming down at 140 fpm to touch. The nose came up 4.4° on the way down. Into the flare at 88 kt, 22 kt over the 66 kt approach speed, and 74 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,779 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 11 m left of the centreline and drifted to 20 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 142 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 76 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 18 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 172 departed from runway 22 at LFLP Annecy Haute-Savoie Mont Blanc Airport. Takeoff required 193 m, 14 % of the runway, and rotation was achieved at 74 kt. Local weather was 36 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 322°, a 3 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt tailwind.
The aircraft climbed to 1 000 ft agl in 41 seconds, averaging 1 134 fpm and reaching 110 kt at the top of the initial climb. Afterward, a series of three short climbs, descents and level legs were flown between 1 900 ft asl and 4 200 ft asl for about six minutes, covering 15 nm from overhead Meythet to overhead Albens.
During the final approach to runway 18 at LFLB Chambéry Savoie Mont Blanc Airport, the descent was from 1 812 ft agl to 62 ft agl in 125 seconds. Stabilisation checks were performed at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. The checks that were met were gear down, landing flap, sink rate, on glideslope and wings level. The checks that were not met were on centreline and on speed. The landing gear was lowered at 1 505 ft agl while the aircraft was at 150 kt. The final flap position 2 was selected at 767 ft agl with a speed of 113 kt.
Touchdown occurred on runway 18. The threshold height was good, but the threshold speed was too high at 82 kt. The flare was described as very good, although the aircraft ballooned in the flare. Touchdown distance was good at 142 m, with a touchdown speed of 74 kt, which was fast, and a touchdown rate of 0 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 12.7 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 619 m, 35 % of the 1 779 m runway, and the rollout was misaligned by 20.2 m from the centreline.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm. The entire flight covered 21 nm, lasted 10 minutes and used 15 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 38 °C with a wind of 4 kt from 312°, a 3 kt cross-wind and a 3 kt tailwind.
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