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KMSP
Minneapolis, United States
Runway 30R
Elevation830 ft asl
Weight32,128 kg
Fuel3,715 kg
Wind230° · 11 kn · 10 kn cross

Flight Score

97.08 %
CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 05
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight29,489 kg
Fuel1,041 kg
Wind149° · 9 kn · 9 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 1:43 635 nm CRJ900 2,674 kg
Departure Score
99.11 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
92.14 %

What went well

Held the centreline on the roll in a 10 kn crosswind — 0.68 m off at liftoff
Touched down at -169 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 4.43 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Approach — landing lights off should be on; 1,000 ft gate 100 %, 500 ft gate 71 %, −0.95 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 78 ft agl was well above target at 48 %, −0.87 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 847 m at 57 %, −0.47 points

Next time

Arrival

Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft agl instead of 78 ft agl.

What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 78 ft agl against a 50 ft agl target, well above the normal profile. The touchdown point was also long at 847 m against a 457 m target, a pattern often seen after high threshold crossings.

Watch for: Radio altimeter against the 50 ft threshold crossing target on short final.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 1 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-2.6 ° min to max -1.6 ° -2.3 -1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 7 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 7 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 7 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 7 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 7 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 7 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 7 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 7 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 30R at KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, Average speed was 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt6 kt min to max 20 kt 7 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.1 ° min to max -1.8 ° -1.8 -2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Departure Roll 95.53Departure roll runway 30R at KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,960 m 81 % of runway. Rotation speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 26 °C. Wind 14 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 14 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Takeoff distance 1,960 m81 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 144 ktTarget 142 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.41 m left4.41 m left to 2.29 m right 2.19 0.68 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.4 ° min to max 7.4 ° -2.1 7.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.4 3.7 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30R KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 160 kt157 kt min to max 163 kt 157 162 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.6 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.03 g min to max 1.14 g 1.07 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 648 fpm276 fpm min to max 940 fpm 276 940 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 56 ft agl 0 56 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °7.4 ° min to max 9.7 ° 7.4 9.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 43 ft agl · 167 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30R KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 165 kt162 kt min to max 168 kt 162 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.4 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,206 fpm950 fpm min to max 1,897 fpm 950 1,894 fpm
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl57 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 57 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.1 °9.7 ° min to max 11.7 ° 9.7 11.6 °
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 30R KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 173 kt168 kt min to max 178 ktTarget 166 kt, 7 kt fast 168 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.1 °0.9 ° min to max 20.6 ° 1.4 20.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.08 g
100 % Landing gear up at 39 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.4 °0.8 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.8 2.3 °
Info Average VSI 2,093 fpm1,921 fpm min to max 2,547 fpm 1,921 2,547 fpm
Info Average altitude 670 ft agl418 ft agl min to max 949 ft agl 418 949 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °10.5 ° min to max 12.9 ° 11.3 12.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 655 ft agl · 180 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of KMSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport Minneapolis (Minnesota, United States). Climbing from 1,832 ft asl to 39,229 ft asl, an increase of 37,397 ft in 28 minutes and covering 186 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 250 kt139 kt min to max 337 kt 178 236 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.0 ° min to max 30.7 ° 22.7 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.17 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,353 fpm793 fpm min to max 3,693 fpm 2,640 850 fpm
Info Average altitude 20,146 ft asl1,832 ft asl min to max 39,229 ft asl 1,832 39,229 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °2.4 ° min to max 16.8 ° 12.9 4.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3,547 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5,850 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 6,000 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 6,259 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 6,407 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 6,451 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7,955 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 11,367 ft agl · 391 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 11,383 ft agl · 392 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of WI00 Norrie Brook Airport Eland (Wisconsin, United States) and lasted 40 minutes, covering 321 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,469 ft of 39,694 ft asl39,371 ft asl min to max 39,751 ft asl 39,371 39,623 ft asl
100 % Average speed 250 kt232 kt min to max 254 kt 234 253 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 21.1 ° 0.3 20.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 1.06 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.6 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 3.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 39,072 ft agl · 466 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 39,072 ft agl · 466 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 39,008 ft agl · 469 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 39,008 ft agl · 469 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 12 miles east of 56G Indian Creek Ranch Airport Deckerville (Michigan, United States). Descent from 39,623 ft asl to 5,018 ft asl, a decrease of 34,605 ft in 14 minutes and covering 95 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 266 kt248 kt min to max 302 kt 252 259 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.0 ° min to max 22.1 ° 20.1 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.85 g min to max 1.15 g 1.06 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,734 fpm-3,218 fpm min to max 103 fpm 28 -522 fpm
Info Average altitude 30,533 ft asl5,018 ft asl min to max 39,634 ft asl 39,623 5,018 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-3.9 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.0 1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,262 ft agl
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 39,046 ft agl · 465 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 39,046 ft agl · 465 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of CPE4 Cambridge / Reid's Field Cambridge (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±748 ft of 4,880 ft asl4,861 ft asl min to max 4,954 ft asl 4,954 4,864 ft asl
100 % Average speed 214 kt199 kt min to max 250 kt 250 199 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.5 °0.1 ° min to max 31.3 ° 0.3 23.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.17 g 1.02 1.13 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °1.7 ° min to max 5.9 ° 1.7 5.9 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of Milton (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,868 ft asl to 1,879 ft asl, a decrease of 2,989 ft in 4 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 146 kt116 kt min to max 199 kt 199 133 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 19.3 ° 19.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.12 g 1.11 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -630 fpm-1,661 fpm min to max 502 fpm 174 -552 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,860 ft asl1,879 ft asl min to max 4,908 ft asl 4,868 1,879 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-1.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 5.8 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 4,107 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 4,107 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,236 ft agl · 199 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 3,625 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3,562 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,933 ft agl · 199 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,163 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,149 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 1,784 ft agl · 134 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Descent from 1,360 ft agl to 90 ft agl in 110 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
50 % Sink ratefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
50 % On speedfailed at one of the two gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON 1,878 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 386 ft agl · 116 kt
Arrival Landing 86.98Landing on runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 3,343 m. Threshold height at 78 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 134 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 134 kt. Target 127 kt
48 % Threshold height at 78 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 847 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.97 m right2.74 m right to 3.97 m right -2.74 -3.97 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 0.95 g
Info Average speed 132 kt123 kt min to max 135 kt 134 123 kt
Info Average VSI -405 fpm-669 fpm min to max -169 fpm -669 -216 fpm
Info Average altitude 34 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 78 ft agl 78 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.6 3.6 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590097501530456076Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900975-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.91Touchdown point was 429 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 123 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -169 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 8 kt at 150 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown rate was -169 fpm.
57 % Touchdown distance was 847 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 123 ktTarget below 127 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.43 m right4.15 m right -3.97 -4.43 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.2 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.2 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.95 g min to max 1.20 g 0.95 1.14 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 122 kt122 kt min to max 123 kt 123 122 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.6 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.6 4.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,785 m, 53 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,785 m53 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 6.71 m right3.47 m left to 6.71 m right -6.71 3.47 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 0.99 g
Info Average speed 109 kt63 kt min to max 122 kt 122 63 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °-2.5 ° min to max 6.6 ° 4.5 -2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.2 0.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 8 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 8 ft agl · 120 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 45 kt26 kt min to max 60 kt 60 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-2.4 ° min to max -1.7 ° -2.0 -2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 28 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.10Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 22 kt 22 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-2.6 ° min to max -1.6 ° -2.0 -2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.5 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 7 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7 ft agl · 6 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 144 kt, on the 142 kt target, and lifted off at 157 kt 4.7 s later, the nose coming up at 1.9° a second. Climb 3 averaged 173 kt, 7 kt over its 166 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 166180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1427.4° off · 1.9°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 26 kt -2.1° 0 s
80 kt371 m 80 kt -2.0° 13.0 s
Rotate1,521 m · target 142 144 kt -1.4° 32.4 s
Liftoff1,887 m · +13 kt from rotation 157 kt 7.4° 37.1 s
35 ft2,183 m · 3.5 s after liftoff 162 kt 9.5° 40.6 s
Gear up2,205 m · 39 ft · full marks to 400 ft 162 kt 9.5° 40.9 s
Climb 33,433 m · 419 ft to 949 ft · target 166 173 kt avg 11.3° 55.3 s
End of Climb 34,803 m · 949 ft 178 kt 12.9° 71 s

Takeoff from KMSP 30R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll77.67
1,960m81 %
Rotation speed100.00
144kttarget 142, 2 fast
Liftoff speed
157kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.41m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
39ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
173kttarget 166
Rate of climb100.00
647fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 949 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 172 m of runway left; gear up at 39 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,700 fpm on average to 949 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3173 kt avgtarget 166THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 144 kttarget 142Liftoff 157 ktGear up 39 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES2.4 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,433 m runway.

Rolled from 77 m in, drifted 4.5 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 10 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 81 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS10 kn75 %widest 4.48 m LROLL 77 M INAirborne 1,964 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,964 m of 2,433 m · 81 %
Behind the start of the roll, 77 mTakeoff roll, 1,887 m Left ahead, 469 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate950 fpm1,210 fpm
On glideslope3.1°2.5°
On centreline0.0° off0.0° off
On speed+8.7 kt−14 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 127 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.9 nm, about 380 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to CYYZ 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 120 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3496844002571,000 ft gate7 of 71,089 ft · 136 kt500 ft gate5 of 7sink rateon speed443 ft · 113 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 6 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND4 m L3 m L6 m L3 m R1 m R3 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.4 nm, then slow to 0.9 nm (up to −20 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 127+3 kt−14 kt−7 kt−1 kt+7 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on CYYZ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height47.91
78ft
Threshold speed100.00
134kttarget 127, 7 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.97m R

Touchdown

Past threshold57.36
847m
Centreline100.00
4.43m R
Speed100.00
122kttarget 127 or less
Touchdown rate96.51
-169fpm
Impact100.00
1.20G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 847 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.

The crosswind

8 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 123 kt. Touched down with 4° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 149° at 9 kt · 2 kt tail · 8 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 124 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 36 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 998 m30 kt · 1,324 mtouchdown1,377 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,867 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 78 ft, 28 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 13 ft. Touched down 847 m in, 542 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,867 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

78 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 13 ft · −433 fpm · 2.7° · 132 ktdescent slowed at 2 ft · −67 fpm · 3°−169 fpm · 3.6° nose up · 123 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 78 ft, down at 847 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 430 fpm at the flare to 170 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−169 fpm at touchdown3.6° at touchdown, +0.9° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,867 m of the 3,343 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 4.4 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 7.4 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 8 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 847 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 847 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,745 m of 3,343 m · 52 %
In the air over the runway, 847 mRollout, 898 m Left over, 1,598 m
Rollout distance100.00
898m52 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
6.71m R

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The CRJ900 taxied from the parking area to runway 30R at KMSP Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 30R with a take-off distance of 1,960 m, using 81 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 144 kt. Local weather at departure was 26 °C, wind 14 kt from 230°, giving a 14 kt crosswind and a 5 kt headwind.

The initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 31 seconds, averaging 1,563 fpm and reaching 178 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1,832 ft asl to 39,229 ft asl in 28 minutes, covering 186 nm, beginning about 1 mile north-west of KMSP.

Cruise was level at 39,700 ft asl for 40 minutes, covering 321 nm, starting about 1 mile north of WI00 Norrie Brook Airport.

Descent began from 39,623 ft asl to 1,879 ft asl in 22 minutes, covering 119 nm, starting 12 miles east of 56G Indian Creek Ranch Airport, with a brief level-off at 4,900 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport descended from 1,360 ft agl to 90 ft agl in 110 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, glideslope, centreline and wings level; they were not met for sink rate (at one gate) and speed (at one gate). Configuration on final was: landing gear down at 2,149 ft agl at 166 kt; final flap position 5 at 1,784 ft agl at 134 kt; autopilot disconnected at 386 ft agl at 116 kt.

Landing on runway 05 (runway length 3,343 m) had a threshold height of 78 ft agl, which was well above target, and a threshold speed of 134 kt, slightly above target. The flare was described as perfect; the aircraft floated before touchdown. Touchdown occurred 429 m beyond the touchdown zone at 123 kt, with a descent rate of minus 169 fpm. The touchdown point was 4.4 m off the centreline but alignment on rollout was very good. No bounce occurred.

Local weather at landing was 15 °C, wind 8 kt from 150°, giving a 7 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind. Total landing distance was 1,785 m, 53 % of the runway.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 6 minutes, covering 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 635 nm in 103 minutes and used 2,674 kg of fuel.

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