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CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 23
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight9,467 kg
Fuel1,094 kg
Wind210° · 10 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

96.90 %
CYYB
North Bay, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,175 ft asl
Weight9,134 kg
Fuel752 kg
Wind130° · 11 kn · 10 kn cross
24 Jul 2024 1:08 166 nm Douglas DC-3 342 kg
Departure Score
94.04 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
96.24 %

What went well

Held the centreline in a 10 kn crosswind — 3.91 m off at touchdown
Touched down at -164 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 198 m in — inside the full-score zone

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Runway alignment max 19.30 m at 55 %, −0.85 points
Departure Roll — Strobe Lights at 0 %, Runway alignment max 9.03 m at 78 %, −0.76 points
Departure Taxi — peak speed in a turn 19 kt at 76 %, −0.63 points

Next time

Maintain the centreline

See Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 21 stages, 18 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.50Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 12 kn
76 % Average speed turning corners 15 knmax 19 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °11.4 ° min to max 12.3 ° 11.8 11.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl, Average speed was 10 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kn0 kn min to max 16 kn 10 15 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.6 °11.5 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.6 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.98 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Departure Roll 88.58Departure roll runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl. Takeoff distance 122 m 4 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 68 kn. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. Wind 10 kn at 210 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 10 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 122 m4 % of runway
90 % Liftoff speed was 68 knTarget 80 kn
78 % Runway alignment max 9.03 m9.03 m left to 0.00 m left 0.77 6.85 m
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.93 g min to max 0.99 g 0.98 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °8.8 ° min to max 12.2 ° 11.8 9.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Info Stall Warning Activated 9 ft agl · 52 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 10 ft agl · 59 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.6 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn66 kn min to max 77 kn 68 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 298 ft/m191 ft/m min to max 491 ft/m 191 491 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 40 ft agl 0 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.9 °9.8 ° min to max 12.4 ° 9.8 12.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 41 ft agl · 80 kt
Departure Climb 2 95.40Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn71 kn min to max 106 kn 77 106 kn
82 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 9.0 ° 1.5 9.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.15 g 1.06 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 579 ft/m189 ft/m min to max 1,182 ft/m 505 1,182 ft/m
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 368 ft agl 40 368 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °5.6 ° min to max 13.3 ° 12.4 10.4 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 196 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 196 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 199 ft agl · 99 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.73Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 2.7 °2.3 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.3 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 100 kn97 kn min to max 104 kn 104 97 kn
79 % Average bank angle 9.3 °8.5 ° min to max 10.1 ° 9.6 8.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.87 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.89 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,353 ft/m1,075 ft/m min to max 1,518 ft/m 1,369 1,075 ft/m
Info Average altitude 439 ft agl391 ft agl min to max 481 ft agl 391 481 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.0 °9.9 ° min to max 12.0 ° 11.4 9.9 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,065 ft asl to 4,983 ft asl, an increase of 3,919 ft in 5 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 115 kn96 kn min to max 128 kn 96 108 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 19.8 ° 10.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.74 g min to max 1.24 g 0.95 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 695 ft/m82 ft/m min to max 1,450 ft/m 892 836 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,171 ft asl1,065 ft asl min to max 4,983 ft asl 1,065 4,983 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °2.8 ° min to max 10.4 ° 9.6 7.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,290 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 1,290 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,307 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,307 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,443 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,498 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,498 ft agl · 117 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south east of CPW3 Nobleton Nobleton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 42 minutes, covering 133 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 5,026 ft asl4,989 ft asl min to max 5,137 ft asl 5,099 4,993 ft asl
100 % Average speed 159 kn110 kn min to max 170 kn 110 140 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 8.7 ° 1.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.11 g 0.91 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-1.3 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.9 1.3 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of CNC7 Nipissing On 654 Nipissing (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,986 ft asl to 3,019 ft asl, a decrease of 1,967 ft in 1 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 139 kn128 kn min to max 174 kn 136 174 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.2 °0.1 ° min to max 19.0 ° 0.4 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -510 ft/m-2,058 ft/m min to max 240 ft/m -25 -1,925 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,688 ft asl3,019 ft asl min to max 4,986 ft asl 4,986 3,019 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-7.1 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.8 -7.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,327 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 4,327 ft agl · 142 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 5 miles north west of CNC7 Nipissing On 654 Nipissing (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,663 ft asl2,590 ft asl min to max 2,742 ft asl 2,742 2,702 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kn68 kn min to max 176 kn 176 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.3 °0.0 ° min to max 24.9 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-4.5 ° min to max 7.5 ° -4.5 4.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,025 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,023 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2,019 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,035 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,040 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 2,024 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,024 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 2,022 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,022 ft agl · 82 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles west of North Bay (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,693 ft asl to 2,433 ft asl, a decrease of 261 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kn75 kn min to max 84 kn 76 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.4 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -343 ft/m-402 ft/m min to max -123 ft/m -263 -353 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,515 ft asl2,433 ft asl min to max 2,693 ft asl 2,693 2,433 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.7 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,061 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,061 ft agl · 81 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 4 miles west of North Bay (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 83 kn81 kn min to max 86 kn 82 86 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -324 ft/m-421 ft/m min to max -256 ft/m -344 -330 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,393 ft asl2,357 ft asl min to max 2,427 ft asl 2,427 2,357 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 99.15Approaching runway 08 at CYYB North Bay from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,176 ft agl to 955 ft agl. A decrease of 222 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn83 kn min to max 88 kn 86 84 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.4 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -438 ft/m-592 ft/m min to max -257 ft/m -327 -493 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,076 ft agl955 ft agl min to max 1,176 ft agl 1,176 955 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 -0.5 °
33.253.53.7549009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-180-135-90-4504590135180Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 99.71Approaching runway 08 at CYYB North Bay from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 947 ft agl to 655 ft agl. A decrease of 292 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.1 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.1 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn84 kn min to max 92 kn 84 90 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.4 1.0 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.1 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -514 ft/m-640 ft/m min to max -448 ft/m -479 -513 ft/m
Info Average altitude 795 ft agl655 ft agl min to max 947 ft agl 947 655 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.9 -1.3 °
22.252.52.7536006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 96.70Approaching runway 08 at CYYB North Bay from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 646 ft agl to 323 ft agl. A decrease of 323 ft in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.6 ° min to max 3.1 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.1 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn76 kn min to max 91 kn 89 76 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.5 °
84 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.1 ° min to max 9.1 ° 1.4 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -474 ft/m-932 ft/m min to max 98 ft/m -520 56 ft/m
Info Average altitude 444 ft agl317 ft agl min to max 646 ft agl 646 323 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-3.3 ° min to max 3.2 ° -1.6 1.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 786 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 786 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 786 ft agl · 94 kt
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 96.22Approaching runway 08 at CYYB North Bay from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 324 ft agl to 30 ft agl. A decrease of 294 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Approach angle 2.3 °2.0 ° min to max 3.7 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn71 kn min to max 80 kn 77 71 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.0 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 2.7 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.89 g min to max 1.19 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -393 ft/m-991 ft/m min to max 60 ft/m 45 -171 ft/m
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 325 ft agl 324 30 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °-1.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.6 5.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 99.85Landing on runway 08 at CYYB North Bay, runway length 3,041 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 71 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.7 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 71 kn. Target 80 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.1 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 0.98 g
Info Average speed 68 kn66 kn min to max 71 kn 71 66 kn
Info Average VSI -235 ft/m-345 ft/m min to max -162 ft/m -171 -164 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl6 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 29 6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °4.6 ° min to max 7.3 ° 5.2 6.6 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 98.65Touchdown distance was good at 197 m. Touchdown speed at 66 kn was good. Touchdown rate was good at -164 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 11 kn at 130 °. Crosswind: 10 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown VSI was -164 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 197 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 66 knTarget 75 kn
95 % Runway alignment max 4.52 m4.26 m left 4.52 3.91 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.98 g min to max 1.13 g 0.98 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 66 kn65 kn min to max 66 kn 66 65 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °6.6 ° min to max 7.6 ° 6.6 7.6 °
Arrival Rollout 79.64Total landing distance 872 m, 29 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 15.5 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 872 m29 % of runway.
55 % Runway alignment max 19.30 m3.84 m left to 15.46 m right 3.84 -9.89 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average speed 57 kn33 kn min to max 63 kn 63 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °6.8 ° min to max 12.1 ° 7.8 11.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 10 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 10 ft agl · 59 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 9 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 9 ft agl · 50 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 26 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kn15 kn min to max 29 kn 29 15 kn
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °11.9 ° min to max 12.1 ° 11.9 12.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.98 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kn4 kn min to max 14 kn 14 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 12 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 0.98 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °11.8 ° min to max 12.0 ° 12.0 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 67 kt with 9.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF9.8° off12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 24 kt 11.8° 0 s
Liftoff422 m 67 kt 9.8° 27.2 s
35 ft672 m · 7.7 s after liftoff 77 kt 11.9° 34.9 s
End of Climb 32,612 m · 482 ft 97 kt 9.9° 82 s

Takeoff from CYYZ 23

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
419m13 %
Liftoff speed89.68
67kt
Runway alignment78.21
9.03m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
298fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 482 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,454 m of runway left; then climbing at 530 fpm on average to 482 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

500 ft250 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 67 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,195 m runway.

Rolled from 69 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 9.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.9 m left. Airborne 15 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 9.14 m LROLL 69 M INAirborne 491 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 491 m of 3,195 m · 15 %
Behind the start of the roll, 69 mTakeoff roll, 422 m Left ahead, 2,704 m

The approach to CYYB 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2411,008705515317250
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 155 m left at 4.0 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND155 m L68 m L85 m L66 m L17 m L21 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYYB 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
28ft
Threshold speed99.68
70kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
198m
Centreline94.63
4.52m L
Speed100.00
65kt
Touchdown rate97.81
-164fpm
Impact100.00
1.13G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

10 kt across from the right, which takes about 9° of crab to hold the centreline at 66 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 130° at 11 kt · 5 kt head · 10 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 64 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 28 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 88 m30 kt · 692 mtouchdown719 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 28 ft, 22 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 198 m in, 107 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

28 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −163 fpm · 6.6° nose up · 66 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 28 ft, down at 198 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink stayed between 160 fpm and 400 fpm from 26 ft to the runway. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−163 fpm at touchdown6.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,041 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.9 m left of the centreline and drifted to 12 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 10 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 198 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 198 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 852 m of 3,041 m · 28 %
In the air over the runway, 198 mRollout, 654 m Left over, 2,189 m
Rollout distance100.00
654m28 % used
Rollout alignment54.76
15.46m R

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