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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Take the power back earlier on final, so the aircraft settles onto the path and the speed comes back to 113 kt together. Do not push down for the height: that only adds speed.
What happened: You crossed the threshold at 64 ft agl, 14 ft agl above the 50 ft agl target, and at 128 kt, 15 kt over the 113 kt threshold speed. High and fast together is energy the runway has to absorb, and this touchdown came 400 m beyond the aim point.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 113 kt on short final, then 50 ft agl over the threshold
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 19 stages, 13 in the score
The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 106 kt, and lifted off at 117 kt 2.5 s later, the nose coming up at 3.4° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 33 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,284 m runway.
Rolled from 69 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.2 m left. Airborne 18 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.
Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the go-around. This lap ended in a go-around; the landing that followed was flown without circuit legs.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.7 nm out at 171 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Early: turned crosswind before the end of the runway, at 881 ft.
Upwind (departure). Climb straight ahead on the extended centreline. Don't turn early. A curved departure leg makes every subsequent leg unrepeatable.
Read more in Pattern WorkHigh on downwind: 1,420 ft against 1,000 ft, 420 ft above.
Downwind. Parallel to the runway, opposite the landing direction, at pattern altitude and roughly 90 kt. The single most important moment of the entire circuit is the point abeam your intended touchdown point. Power back (around 1,700 RPM in a 172 works as a starting value to calibrate), first stage of flap, pre-landing flow, and re-trim. Everything from abeam to touchdown is one continuous energy problem. Arrive at the abeam point high or fast and you'll pay for it ninety seconds later in the flare, which is why analysing only the touchdown so often misdiagnoses the fault.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 120 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Outside the 1° band twice; furthest 134 m right at 2.8 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Citation Longitude taxied to runway 05R at NZAA Auckland International Airport and departed on runway 05R. Take-off distance was 612 m (19 % of runway) with rotation at 106 kt. Local weather was 23 °C, wind 19 kt from 020° (crosswind 15 kt, headwind 12 kt).
Initial climb to 400 ft agl took 4 seconds, averaging 652 fpm and reaching 144 kt at the top of the climb.
The right-hand circuit was completed in 5 minutes. The downwind leg was 6 nm, flown in 110 seconds at 1,420 ft agl; the base leg was 2 nm, flown in 38 seconds.
On the first final approach to runway 05R, descent was from 1,332 ft agl to 53 ft agl in 128 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, speed and wings level, but not on centreline.
A go-around was initiated at 14 ft agl on runway 05R.
A second final approach to runway 05R descended from 1,370 ft agl to 78 ft agl in 124 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level.
Landing was on runway 05R (runway length 3,284 m). Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target and threshold speed was well above target at 128 kt. The flare was described as very good with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 426 m beyond the touchdown zone, at 104 kt, with a rate of -234 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.6 m from centreline. Local weather was 22 °C, wind 20 kt from 020° (crosswind 15 kt, headwind 12 kt). No bounce occurred.
Total landing distance was 1,070 m (33 % of runway) and rollout alignment was perfect.
The flight covered 36 nm in 17 minutes and used 584 kg of fuel.
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