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LIRQ
Firenze (FI), Italy
Runway 23
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight21,728 kg
Fuel2,012 kg
Wind258° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

97.33 %
LOWG
Feldkirchen bei Graz, Austria
Runway 34C
Elevation1,099 ft asl
Weight20,945 kg
Fuel1,215 kg
Wind352° · 1 kn
18 Sep 2026 1:26 317 nm ATR 72 797 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
92.00 %

What went well

Touchdown 247 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 33 ft and 108 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 2.65 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 71 %, −1.90 points
Firm touchdown — 297 fpm, −0.73 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.36
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 297 fpm−0.36
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.36 G at contact−0.02

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 16 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 17 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.6 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.5 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 5 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23 at LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola. Takeoff distance 361 m 34 % of runway. Rotation speed was 112 kt. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 6 kt at 257 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 361 m34 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 112 ktTarget 121 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.38 m right0.95 m left to 1.38 m right -0.23 -0.41 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.2 ° min to max 7.0 ° -0.8 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.6 2.1 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 125 kt121 kt min to max 128 kt 121 128 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.0 °2.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.03 g min to max 1.13 g 1.07 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 605 fpm260 fpm min to max 950 fpm 260 950 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 0 33 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °7.2 ° min to max 9.5 ° 7.2 9.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 10 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 10 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 10 ft agl · 125 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 129 kt128 kt min to max 132 kt 128 130 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.5 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,286 fpm960 fpm min to max 1,800 fpm 960 1,744 fpm
Info Average altitude 94 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 294 ft agl 34 294 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °9.1 ° min to max 11.7 ° 9.1 10.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 64 ft agl · 131 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 145 kt131 kt min to max 155 ktTarget 139 kt, 6 kt fast 131 152 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.4 °0.1 ° min to max 18.2 ° 0.1 17.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.78 g min to max 1.15 g 0.97 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 42 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.4 0.8 °
Info Average VSI 1,413 fpm195 fpm min to max 2,641 fpm 1,744 2,636 fpm
Info Average altitude 513 ft agl317 ft agl min to max 788 ft agl 317 788 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °5.8 ° min to max 14.4 ° 10.4 14.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 472 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 597 ft agl · 144 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola Firenze (FI) (Toscana, Italy). Climbing from 969 ft asl to 17,931 ft asl, an increase of 16,963 ft in 16 minutes and covering 57 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 168 kt145 kt min to max 189 kt 152 171 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.2 °0.0 ° min to max 31.0 ° 17.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.88 g min to max 1.22 g 0.98 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 1,117 fpm-45 fpm min to max 2,596 fpm 2,596 98 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,424 ft asl969 ft asl min to max 17,931 ft asl 969 17,931 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °2.7 ° min to max 14.6 ° 14.4 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,421 ft agl · 202 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of Sant'Agata Feltria (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 42 minutes, covering 192 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,397 ft of 18,107 ft asl17,844 ft asl min to max 18,306 ft asl 17,934 17,996 ft asl
100 % Average speed 198 kt174 kt min to max 204 kt 174 200 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 28.5 ° 0.0 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.3 ° min to max 6.5 ° 3.4 1.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 18,532 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 18,532 ft agl · 264 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Spodnji Hotic (Litija, Slovenia). Descent from 18,001 ft asl to 5,592 ft asl, a decrease of 12,410 ft in 12 minutes and covering 52 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 213 kt187 kt min to max 236 kt 200 187 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.0 ° min to max 29.4 ° 0.1 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,037 fpm-3,480 fpm min to max 96 fpm 56 11 fpm
Info Average altitude 9,703 ft asl5,567 ft asl min to max 18,005 ft asl 18,001 5,592 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-7.3 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.6 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 7,517 ft agl · 275 kt
Enroute Level 2 99.99Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Sankt Nikolai im Sausal (Steiermark, Austria) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±780 ft of 5,565 ft asl5,330 ft asl min to max 5,601 ft asl 5,592 5,330 ft asl
100 % Average speed 150 kt125 kt min to max 180 kt 180 125 kt
100 % Average bank angle 22.7 °1.8 ° min to max 31.8 ° 3.2 12.1 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.10 g0.87 g min to max 1.35 g 1.00 0.93 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °-6.6 ° min to max 8.1 ° 2.7 -3.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,631 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 4,631 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 4,627 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 4,627 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,606 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 4,561 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4,587 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4,583 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4,539 ft agl · 142 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Weitendorf (Steiermark, Austria). Descent from 5,309 ft asl to 2,564 ft asl, a decrease of 2,744 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 131 kt124 kt min to max 138 kt 124 136 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.2 ° min to max 13.5 ° 11.5 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 0.96 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,996 fpm-2,698 fpm min to max -1,220 fpm -1,220 -1,931 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,804 ft asl2,564 ft asl min to max 5,309 ft asl 5,309 2,564 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.3 °-10.2 ° min to max -4.3 ° -4.3 -7.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Approach 71.43Final approach to runway 34C at LOWG Graz Airport. Descent from 1,863 ft agl to 25 ft agl in 84 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
0 % Sink ratefailed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
0 % On speedfailed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing 94.23Landing on runway 34C at LOWG Graz Airport, runway length 2,996 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 108 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 108 kt. Target 110 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
77 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 3.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 247 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.31 m left4.31 m left to 3.22 m left 3.91 3.22 m
99 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.6 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.10 g 1.08 1.05 g
Info Average speed 106 kt103 kt min to max 108 kt 108 103 kt
Info Average VSI -468 fpm-503 fpm min to max -404 fpm -492 -404 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-4 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 33 -4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.2 ° min to max 4.3 ° 3.0 4.3 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 94.35Touchdown distance was good at 247 m. Touchdown speed at 103 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -297 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kt at 353 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
73 % Touchdown rate was -297 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 247 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 103 ktTarget below 110 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.22 m left2.93 m left 3.22 2.65 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.8 °
94 % Average g force 1.13 g1.03 g min to max 1.36 g 1.05 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 103 kt102 kt min to max 103 kt 103 102 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °4.3 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.3 5.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 6 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 742 m, 25 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 742 m25 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.01 m left3.01 m left to 0.13 m right 3.01 0.42 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.00 g
Info Average speed 98 kt56 kt min to max 103 kt 103 56 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-0.6 ° min to max 5.2 ° 5.2 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.7 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 28 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kt11 kt min to max 51 kt 51 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.8 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl · 45 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 44 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 35 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl · 34 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt6 kt min to max 23 kt 12 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 14 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.8 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.3 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 112 kt, 9 kt below the 121 kt target, and lifted off at 120 kt 3.1 s later, the nose coming up at 2.4° a second. Climb 3 averaged 145 kt, 6 kt over its 139 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 139180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1217.2° off · 2.4°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 10 kt -0.8° 0 s
80 kt383 m 80 kt -0.8° 33.2 s
Rotate820 m · target 121 112 kt -0.4° 42.3 s
Liftoff1,007 m · +8 kt from rotation 120 kt 7.2° 45.4 s
35 ft1,276 m · 4.3 s after liftoff 128 kt 9.1° 49.7 s
Gear up1,297 m · 42 ft · full marks to 400 ft 128 kt 9.3° 50.0 s
Climb 32,087 m · 317 ft to 789 ft · target 139 145 kt avg 10.4° 63 s
End of Climb 33,879 m · 789 ft 152 kt 14.4° 86 s

Takeoff from LIRQ 23

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
361m34 %
Rotation speed100.00
112kttarget 121, 9 slow
Liftoff speed
120kt
Runway alignment100.00
1.38m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
42ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
145kttarget 139
Rate of climb100.00
605fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 789 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 426 m of runway left; gear up at 42 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,160 fpm on average to 789 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3145 kt avgtarget 139THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 112 kttarget 121Liftoff 120 ktGear up 42 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES2.2 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,060 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 1.42 m RAirborne 365 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 365 m of 1,060 m · 34 %
Takeoff roll, 365 m Left ahead, 695 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,520 fpm
On glideslope3.8°
On centreline0.3° off
On speed+18 kt
Wings level1° bank

At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and speed more than 17 kt above the approach speed of 110 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.4 to 0.2 nm, then not again: low from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LOWG 34C

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

High from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 1.8 nm (up to 1,300 ft over), then back on it to 0.2 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 40 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,8291,007363162500 ft gate5 of 7sink rateon speed698 ft · 128 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 650 m left of the centreline at 3.8 nm, then inside the band from 2.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND213 m L9 m L14 m L7 m L12 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 28 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Outside the speed band twice; furthest +28 kt at 2.9 nm.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 110+27 kt+23 kt+11 kt+12 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LOWG 34C

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed100.00
108kttarget 110, 2 slow
Centreline offset100.00
4.31m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
247m
Centreline100.00
3.22m L
Speed100.00
103kttarget 110 or less
Touchdown rate73.35
-297fpm
Impact93.71
1.36G
BouncesOk
None
The flare77.18

The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 3.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 247 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 352° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 104 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 45 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 498 m30 kt · 1,176 mtouchdown1,223 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 40 ft, 42 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 247 m in, 58 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 40 ft, 42 m before the threshold−579 fpm · 0.8° · 110 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −312 fpm · 4.3°−296 fpm · 4.3° nose up · 103 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 33 ft, down at 247 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 580 fpm at the flare to 300 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−296 fpm at touchdown4.3° at touchdown, +3.5° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,996 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.6 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.2 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 247 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 247 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 296 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 708 m of 2,996 m · 24 %
In the air over the runway, 247 mRollout, 462 m Left over, 2,288 m
Rollout distance100.00
462m24 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.01m L

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Flight narrative

The ATR 72 taxied from its parking position to runway 23 at LIRQ Florence Airport, covering 3 nm in a 17-minute taxi-out.

During the departure roll on runway 23, the aircraft accelerated over a takeoff distance of 361 m, representing 34 % of the runway, and lifted off at 121 kt; local weather reported a temperature of 28 °C, wind 6 kt from 257°, with a 3 kt crosswind component and a 5 kt headwind.

Climb commenced one mile south-west of LIRQ, where the airplane rose from 969 ft asl to 17 931 ft asl, an increase of 16 963 ft achieved in 16 minutes while covering 57 nm.

The first cruise segment began two miles west of Sant'Agata Feltria, lasting 42 minutes and extending over 192 nm at level flight.

Descent started overhead Spodnji Hotic in Slovenia, with the aircraft descending from 18 001 ft asl to 5 592 ft asl, a loss of 12 410 ft completed in 12 minutes and spanning 52 nm.

A brief second cruise was initiated one mile north-east of Sankt Nikolai im Sausal, lasting 3 minutes and covering 7 nm before the final approach.

On final approach to runway 34C at LOWG Graz Airport, the aircraft descended from 1 863 ft agl to 25 ft agl in 84 seconds and was recorded as having scored on the stabilisation gates.

Landing on runway 34C, which is 2 996 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 108 kt (slightly below target); touchdown was recorded at 246 m down the runway at 103 kt, with a hard touchdown rate of minus 404 fpm and a lateral deviation of 3.2 m from the centreline. Local conditions were 16 °C temperature, wind 1 kt from 353°, with no crosswind and a 1 kt headwind.

The total landing distance measured 742 m, representing 25 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was noted as perfect.

After landing, the aircraft taxied from the runway to its parking stand in 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 317 nm, required 86 minutes of airborne time, and consumed 797 kg of fuel.

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