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KPWK
Chicago/Prospect Heights/Wheeling, United States
Runway 16
Elevation643 ft asl
Weight6,813 kg
Fuel1,968 kg
Wind310° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.81 %
KTTN
Ewing Township, United States
Runway 06
Elevation157 ft asl
Weight5,802 kg
Fuel941 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
19 Sep 2026 1:24 616 nm Learjet 35 1,027 kg
Departure Score
99.91 %
Enroute Score
99.09 %
Arrival Score
91.42 %

What went well

Straight touchdown — 1.71 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 100 %
Rollout held the centreline — 0.46 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 86 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.95 points
Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 1,477 m at 77 %, −0.70 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was well above target at 150 kt at 72 %, −0.47 points

Next time

Arrival

Use aileron to level the wings and hold the upwind wing low only enough to track the centreline before touchdown.

What happened: At touchdown the wings were not level, with an average bank angle of 3.9°.

Watch for: Watch the bank angle indicator and keep wings level through touchdown.

See Arrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 4 14 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.5 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 16 at KPWK Chicago Executive Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 14 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 16 at KPWK Chicago Executive Airport. Takeoff distance 905 m 59 % of runway. Rotation speed was 107 kt. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 2 kt at 310 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 905 m59 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 107 ktTarget 112 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.77 m right0.27 m left to 1.77 m right -0.04 -1.77 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.3 ° min to max 5.9 ° -1.3 5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16 KPWK Chicago Executive Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 156 kt146 kt min to max 164 kt 146 164 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.00 g min to max 1.22 g 1.00 1.22 g
Info Average VSI 771 fpm422 fpm min to max 1,177 fpm 422 1,177 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 1 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °5.9 ° min to max 10.5 ° 5.9 10.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 38 ft agl · 164 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16 KPWK Chicago Executive Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt164 kt min to max 190 kt 164 190 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.1 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g0.79 g min to max 1.24 g 1.22 0.79 g
Info Average VSI 1,822 fpm1,214 fpm min to max 2,694 fpm 1,214 2,540 fpm
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 367 ft agl 34 367 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.9 °8.3 ° min to max 12.1 ° 10.6 8.3 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 65 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 65 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 281 ft agl · 182 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.57Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 16 KPWK Chicago Executive Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.7 % Climb speed 211 kt193 kt min to max 226 ktTarget 187 kt, 24 kt fast 193 226 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.6 °1.7 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.0 3.6 °
97 % Average g force 1.07 g0.90 g min to max 1.37 g 0.93 1.03 g
100 % Landing gear up at 22 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average VSI 2,658 fpm2,164 fpm min to max 4,689 fpm 2,375 4,689 fpm
Info Average altitude 609 ft agl407 ft agl min to max 906 ft agl 407 906 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.1 °7.2 ° min to max 13.3 ° 8.3 13.3 °
Enroute Climb 99.99Enroute climb started 1 mile south of KPWK Chicago Executive Airport Chicago/Prospect Heights/Wheeling (Illinois, United States). Climbing from 1,628 ft asl to 23,320 ft asl, an increase of 21,692 ft in 9 minutes and covering 71 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 275 kt215 kt min to max 351 kt 226 345 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.7 °0.0 ° min to max 27.0 ° 4.1 0.2 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.03 g0.68 g min to max 1.30 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 3,349 fpm214 fpm min to max 6,384 fpm 4,901 214 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,921 ft asl1,628 ft asl min to max 23,320 ft asl 1,628 23,320 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 15.2 ° 13.2 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,768 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 4,570 ft agl · 249 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 5,184 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 7,473 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 14,000 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 14,000 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 18,838 ft agl · 469 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 18,838 ft agl · 469 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 20,854 ft agl · 482 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 20,854 ft agl · 482 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 21,824 ft agl · 483 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 21,824 ft agl · 483 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Baroda (Michigan, United States) and lasted 17 minutes, covering 156 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,668 ft of 23,658 ft asl23,359 ft asl min to max 23,797 ft asl 23,359 23,797 ft asl
100 % Average speed 346 kt345 kt min to max 346 kt 346 345 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 19.0 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.5 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 4 miles west of Port Clinton (Ohio, United States). Climbing from 23,798 ft asl to 32,992 ft asl, an increase of 9,193 ft in 10 minutes and covering 91 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 312 kt284 kt min to max 345 kt 345 287 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 918 fpm-13 fpm min to max 1,005 fpm 15 -3 fpm
Info Average altitude 28,390 ft asl23,798 ft asl min to max 32,993 ft asl 23,798 32,992 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.5 0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 23,295 ft agl · 493 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 23,295 ft agl · 493 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 31,783 ft agl · 472 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 31,783 ft agl · 472 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of 42OH Dunn Field Newton Falls (Ohio, United States) and lasted 15 minutes, covering 135 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,150 ft of 33,002 ft asl32,990 ft asl min to max 33,007 ft asl 32,991 33,005 ft asl
100 % Average speed 288 kt287 kt min to max 288 kt 287 287 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Enroute Descent 94.56Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Alexandria (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 33,006 ft asl to 1,939 ft asl, a decrease of 31,067 ft in 20 minutes and covering 138 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Average speed 285 kt251 kt min to max 353 kt 288 251 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.0 ° min to max 25.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -1,398 fpm-3,016 fpm min to max 3 fpm -27 -829 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,887 ft asl1,939 ft asl min to max 33,006 ft asl 33,006 1,939 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-5.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 -0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,230 ft agl
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 31,946 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 32,016 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 31,405 ft agl · 477 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 31,405 ft agl · 477 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 7,569 ft agl · 289 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 7,569 ft agl · 289 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 5,619 ft agl · 281 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5,378 ft agl · 280 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 5,378 ft agl · 280 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,830 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 1,830 ft agl · 265 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Ambler (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±596 ft of 1,874 ft asl1,481 ft asl min to max 1,927 ft asl 1,927 1,481 ft asl
100 % Average speed 199 kt163 kt min to max 250 kt 250 176 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 24.7 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.82 g min to max 1.17 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-1.6 ° min to max 3.4 ° -0.5 -1.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,640 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 1,640 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 1,640 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,687 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,770 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,746 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,785 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,785 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,736 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,736 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 1,736 ft agl · 172 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport. Descent from 1,357 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 90 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,227 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,041 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,025 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 606 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 606 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 606 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 606 ft agl · 151 kt
Arrival Landing 92.98Landing on runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport, runway length 1,830 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 150 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
72 % Threshold speed was well above target at 150 kt. Target 125 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. Crossing the threshold 25 kt above target, the aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 610 m past the threshold. The flare cannot burn off excess energy - fix the approach speed and the float goes with it.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.99 m right1.24 m left to 2.99 m right 1.24 -2.94 m
99 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.2 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.06 0.97 g
Info Average speed 144 kt136 kt min to max 150 kt 150 136 kt
Info Average VSI -334 fpm-710 fpm min to max -114 fpm -710 -155 fpm
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °1.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° 1.4 3.2 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 88.97Touchdown point was 194 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 136 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -292 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 26 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
74 % Touchdown rate was -292 fpm.
83 % Touchdown distance was 610 mTarget 457 m
98 % Speed at touchdown 136 ktTarget below 125 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.94 m right2.43 m right -2.94 -1.71 m
46 % Average bank angle 3.9 °1.0 ° min to max 6.3 ° 2.4 6.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.07 g0.95 g min to max 1.38 g 0.97 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 135 kt135 kt min to max 136 kt 136 135 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °1.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.5 °
Arrival Rollout 89.43Total landing distance 1,477 m, 81 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Landing distance 1,477 m81 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.48 m right0.04 m left to 0.48 m right -0.47 -0.46 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average speed 126 kt75 kt min to max 139 kt 139 75 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.9 ° 2.6 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 6.2 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kt3 kt min to max 67 kt 67 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.8 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.97 1.01 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 13 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 14 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.8 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.5 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 5 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 107 kt, 5 kt below the 112 kt target, and lifted off at 146 kt 5.7 s later, the nose coming up at 1.1° a second. Climb 3 averaged 211 kt, 24 kt over its 187 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 187240 kt16080020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1125.6° off · 1.1°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 15 kt -1.3° 0 s
80 kt219 m 80 kt -1.0° 8.1 s
Rotate401 m · target 112 107 kt -0.5° 11.7 s
Liftoff780 m · +39 kt from rotation 146 kt 5.6° 17.3 s
Gear up1,073 m · 22 ft · full marks to 400 ft 162 kt 9.5° 20.9 s
35 ft1,145 m · 4.4 s after liftoff 164 kt 10.9° 21.7 s
Climb 32,015 m · 407 ft to 906 ft · target 187 211 kt avg 8.3° 31.4 s
End of Climb 33,256 m · 906 ft 226 kt 13.3° 42.0 s

Takeoff from KPWK 16

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
905m59 %
Rotation speed100.00
107kttarget 112, 5 slow
Liftoff speed
146kt
Runway alignment100.00
1.77m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
22ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed99.71
211kttarget 187
Rate of climb100.00
771fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 906 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 294 m of runway left; gear up at 22 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,200 fpm on average to 906 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3211 kt avgtarget 187THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 107 kttarget 112Liftoff 146 ktGear up 22 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES1.8 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,524 m runway.

Rolled from 86 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 1.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.6 m right. Airborne 56 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 1.58 m RROLL 86 M INAirborne 866 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 866 m of 1,524 m · 57 %
Behind the start of the roll, 86 mTakeoff roll, 780 m Left ahead, 658 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 85.716 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate920 fpm790 fpm
On glideslope3.0°2.9°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+36 kt+27 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 30 kt above the approach speed of 119 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 18 kt above the approach speed of 119 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 3.0 to 2.2 nm, then not again: fast from 2.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KTTN 06

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 20 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3256753621871,000 ft gate6 of 7on speed1,057 ft · 155 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on speed537 ft · 146 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 12 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR30 m L030 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND12 m L5 m L5 m R5 m R9 m L4 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 3.0 nm (up to +57 kt), then inside the band to 2.2 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +31 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 119+57 kt+25 kt+30 kt+31 kt+31 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KTTN 06

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed72.19
149kttarget 125, 24 fast
Centreline offset100.00
2.99m R

Touchdown

Past threshold83.27
610m
Centreline100.00
2.94m R
Speed98.38
135kttarget 124, 11 fast
Touchdown rate74.27
-292fpm
Impact92.57
1.38G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. Crossing the threshold 25 kt above target, the aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 610 m past the threshold. The flare cannot burn off excess energy - fix the approach speed and the float goes with it.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 5° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 1 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,559 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 33 ft. Touched down 610 m in, 305 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,559 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 33 ft · −547 fpm · 1.8° · 149 ktdescent slowed at 11 ft · −116 fpm · 3.6°−291 fpm · 3.2° nose up · 136 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 42 ft, down at 610 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 550 fpm at the flare to 290 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−291 fpm at touchdown3.2° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,559 m of the 1,830 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 1.7 m right of the centreline, and stayed within 2.9 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 610 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 610 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 291 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,437 m of 1,830 m · 79 %
In the air over the runway, 610 mRollout, 827 m Left over, 393 m
Rollout distance86.28
827m78 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.48m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Learjet 35 taxied from the parking area to the departure runway in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The aircraft departed runway 16 at KPWK Chicago Executive Airport, applying a departure roll of 905 m which represented 59 % of the runway length. Liftoff was achieved at 146 kt. Ambient conditions were 20 °C with a wind of 2 kt from 310°, a cross-wind component of 1 kt and a tail-wind component of 2 kt.

The initial climb began 1 mile south of KPWK, climbing from 1,628 ft asl to 23,320 ft asl - an altitude gain of 21,692 ft - in 9 minutes while traversing 71 nm.

The first cruise segment commenced overhead Baroda, Michigan, and was maintained for 17 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 156 nm.

A subsequent climb started 4 miles west of Port Clinton, Ohio, rising from 23,798 ft asl to 32,992 ft asl, an increase of 9,193 ft, over a period of 10 minutes and a distance of 91 nm.

The second cruise phase began 1 mile southwest of 42OH Dunn Field, Newton Falls, Ohio, lasting 15 minutes and encompassing 135 nm.

En-route descent was initiated 1 mile southwest of Alexandria, Pennsylvania, descending from 33,006 ft asl to 1,939 ft asl - a loss of 31,067 ft - in 20 minutes while covering 138 nm.

A third cruise segment started overhead Ambler, Pennsylvania, lasting 5 minutes and extending 17 nm.

During final approach to runway 06 at KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport, the aircraft descended from 1,357 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 90 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gates.

Landing on runway 06 was executed with a runway length of 1,830 m; the threshold speed was recorded at 150 kt. Touchdown occurred 193 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 136 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 155 fpm and a very good alignment.

The rollout covered a total landing distance of 1,477 m, representing 81 % of the runway, and the aircraft maintained perfect alignment throughout the rollout.

The Learjet 35 taxied from the runway to the parking area in 2 minutes, traveling less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 616 nm, required 84 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 1,027 kg of fuel.

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