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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26

Flight Score

81.93 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
26 Mar 2024 0:15 19 nm Cessna Skyhawk 8 kg
Departure Score
89.56 %
Enroute Score
94.42 %
Arrival Score
49.45 %

What went well

1.17 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout controlled — 42 % of the runway used
Airborne in 885 m — 42 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn. at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −7.69 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 39.60 m at 0 %, −5.00 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 41.70 m at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 74 kn at 26 %, −4.15 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 18 stages, 17 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 78.95Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
95 % Liftoff speed was 71 knTarget 62 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 56.99 m47.81 m left to 9.18 m right -1.04 4.42 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 0.97 1.10 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.3 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.2 1.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 97.28Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.2 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 74 kn 72 74 kn
89 % Average bank angle 3.6 °1.2 ° min to max 6.1 ° 1.2 6.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.03 g min to max 1.23 g 1.13 1.18 g
Info Average VSI 581 ft/m350 ft/m min to max 902 ft/m 350 902 ft/m
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °2.9 ° min to max 10.9 ° 2.9 10.9 °
Departure Climb 2 92.44Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.8 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn64 kn min to max 74 kn 74 64 kn
70 % Average bank angle 8.4 °6.2 ° min to max 13.5 ° 6.2 10.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.92 g min to max 1.18 g 1.18 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 1,215 ft/m921 ft/m min to max 1,456 ft/m 921 1,080 ft/m
Info Average altitude 82 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 210 ft agl 44 210 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °8.9 ° min to max 12.9 ° 11.1 8.9 °
Enroute Climb 98.86Enroute climb started overhead CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,277 ft asl to 3,930 ft asl, an increase of 2,653 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 79 kn55 kn min to max 90 kn 64 70 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.1 ° min to max 38.2 ° 7.3 0.3 °
89 % Average g force 1.01 g0.65 g min to max 1.45 g 0.92 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 823 ft/m-298 ft/m min to max 1,925 ft/m 729 952 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,295 ft asl1,277 ft asl min to max 3,930 ft asl 1,277 3,930 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °-1.4 ° min to max 18.5 ° 6.3 7.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.49Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north west of Cambridge (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,073 ft asl3,962 ft asl min to max 4,254 ft asl 4,030 4,152 ft asl
100 % Average speed 90 kn71 kn min to max 105 kn 71 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.4 ° min to max 6.7 ° 3.8 6.7 °
95 % Average g force 1.08 g0.91 g min to max 1.34 g 1.00 1.34 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-9.0 ° min to max 7.8 ° 5.0 2.2 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,431 ft asl to 4,163 ft asl, a decrease of 268 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kn61 kn min to max 94 kn 84 61 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.4 ° min to max 6.7 ° 0.9 6.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.83 g min to max 1.17 g 0.85 1.15 g
Info Average VSI -177 ft/m-1,957 ft/m min to max 1,824 ft/m 1,824 -408 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,304 ft asl4,163 ft asl min to max 4,471 ft asl 4,431 4,163 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-7.9 ° min to max 9.6 ° 9.6 1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 98.74Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 4,337 ft asl to 5,741 ft asl, an increase of 1,403 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 75 kn48 kn min to max 92 kn 61 81 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.0 ° min to max 14.2 ° 8.1 0.0 °
87 % Average g force 0.94 g0.65 g min to max 1.47 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 543 ft/m-1,754 ft/m min to max 2,295 ft/m 2,241 1,092 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,921 ft asl4,337 ft asl min to max 5,741 ft asl 4,337 5,741 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °-17.2 ° min to max 18.9 ° 18.6 7.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 2 66.28Enroute descent started 3 miles north of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 5,820 ft asl to 5,641 ft asl, a decrease of 179 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 78 kn59 kn min to max 119 kn 81 119 kn
41 % Average bank angle 29.0 °4.7 ° min to max 69.6 ° 4.7 29.2 °
0 % Average g force 1.22 g0.67 g min to max 3.00 g 0.93 3.00 g
Info Average VSI -253 ft/m-6,051 ft/m min to max 2,598 ft/m -72 -4,815 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,965 ft asl5,641 ft asl min to max 6,165 ft asl 5,820 5,641 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-36.0 ° min to max 22.0 ° -1.0 -8.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 3 87.96Enroute climb started 3 miles north of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 5,623 ft asl to 5,923 ft asl, an increase of 300 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kn68 kn min to max 118 kn 118 94 kn
95 % Average bank angle 28.6 °7.0 ° min to max 42.6 ° 27.7 38.5 °
0 % Average g force 1.32 g0.76 g min to max 3.14 g 3.14 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 341 ft/m-3,374 ft/m min to max 3,772 ft/m -2,272 1,821 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,930 ft asl5,623 ft asl min to max 6,115 ft asl 5,623 5,923 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °-18.6 ° min to max 21.4 ° 6.4 10.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 6,032 ft asl5,948 ft asl min to max 6,088 ft asl 5,948 6,066 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kn85 kn min to max 99 kn 91 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.2 ° min to max 27.4 ° 27.4 8.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-2.8 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.9 -2.2 °
Enroute Descent 3 97.43Enroute descent started 2 miles north of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 6,063 ft asl to 3,103 ft asl, a decrease of 2,960 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 114 kn83 kn min to max 148 kn 100 117 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.0 °0.4 ° min to max 19.6 ° 9.5 8.6 °
74 % Average g force 0.97 g0.39 g min to max 1.70 g 1.04 0.83 g
Info Average VSI -987 ft/m-7,738 ft/m min to max 3,498 ft/m -241 -1,548 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,917 ft asl3,103 ft asl min to max 6,063 ft asl 6,063 3,103 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.1 °-31.7 ° min to max 23.6 ° -1.9 -10.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 95.47Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,096 ft asl2,838 ft asl min to max 3,309 ft asl 3,068 3,045 ft asl
100 % Average speed 87 kn50 kn min to max 124 kn 118 97 kn
94 % Average bank angle 19.2 °1.7 ° min to max 43.0 ° 9.3 1.7 °
79 % Average g force 1.10 g0.64 g min to max 1.61 g 0.89 0.94 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-14.2 ° min to max 27.0 ° -10.5 -14.2 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,228 ft agl · 67 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,240 ft agl · 67 kt
Enroute Descent 4 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,948 ft asl to 2,870 ft asl, a decrease of 78 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn104 kn min to max 107 kn 105 104 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.7 °0.5 ° min to max 5.5 ° 1.9 4.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.04 g min to max 1.17 g 1.13 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -1,080 ft/m-1,790 ft/m min to max -373 ft/m -1,790 -373 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,903 ft asl2,870 ft asl min to max 2,948 ft asl 2,948 2,870 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.1 °-10.5 ° min to max -2.3 ° -10.5 -2.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 98.86Arrival started 3 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 100 kn94 kn min to max 111 kn 102 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.0 ° min to max 16.1 ° 9.9 16.1 °
94 % Average g force 0.99 g0.66 g min to max 1.35 g 1.05 0.89 g
Info Average VSI -1,297 ft/m-2,906 ft/m min to max 102 ft/m -287 -1,203 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,149 ft asl1,132 ft asl min to max 2,868 ft asl 2,866 1,132 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.3 °-16.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -1.7 -7.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Landing 30.75Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn. Target 63 kn
62 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
49 % Heading variation 1.5 °0.9 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.9 1.6 °
78 % Average bank angle 3.8 °2.2 ° min to max 10.4 ° 10.4 2.2 °
51 % Average g force 1.05 g0.48 g min to max 2.10 g 0.94 0.90 g
Info Average speed 86 kn74 kn min to max 100 kn 100 74 kn
Info Average VSI -412 ft/m-1,518 ft/m min to max 281 ft/m -1,388 -200 ft/m
Info Average altitude 26 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 72 ft agl 72 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-8.4 ° min to max 6.2 ° -8.4 -0.8 °
07515022530037545052560067575001429435872Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 62.61Touchdown point was 197 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 74 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -200 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 41.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Touchdown VSI was -200 ft/m.
81 % Touchdown distance was 628 mTarget 457 m
26 % Speed at touchdown 74 knTarget 53 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 41.70 m40.71 m left 41.70 39.78 m
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.6 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.90 g min to max 1.17 g 0.90 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 73 kn72 kn min to max 74 kn 74 72 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.9 ° -0.8 1.9 °
Arrival Rollout 55.00Total landing distance 919 m, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 39.6 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 919 m43 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 39.60 m39.60 m left to 0.00 m left 39.60 30.36 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 74 kn42 kn min to max 80 kn 80 42 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.9 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kn11 kn min to max 36 kn 36 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Takeoff

78.95 %
100.00Takeoff roll885 m · 42 %
94.76Liftoff speed71 kt
0.00Runway alignment4.42 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
97.28Rate of climb581 ft/m
Takeoff weight997 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn · 0 kn cross

Approach

0.00 %
Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
62.02Threshold height72 ft
0.00Threshold speed100 kt
48.80Centreline offset0.54 m L

Touchdown

62.61 %
76.67Touchdown point671 m
0.00Centreline at touchdown39.78 m L
84.19Sink rate-200 ft/m
100.00Touchdown force1.17 G
OkBouncesNone
55.00Rollout distance265 m · 42 % used
Landing weight989 kg
Airfield elevation1,030 ft asl
Wind270° · 1 kn

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYKF 08

Past threshold
671 m
Off centreline
39.78 mL
Sink rate
-200 ft/m
Impact
1.17G

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

72 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 72 ft, down at 671 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 671 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 671 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 935 m of 2,124 m · 44 %

The rest of the report

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Flight map
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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
89.56 %
78.95 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
94.76 %
Liftoff speed was 71 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
0 %
47.81 m left to 9.18 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
02505007501,0001,250-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
97.28 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 75 70
Bank °
89.11 %
7 4 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 6.5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 450 -100
92.44 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
69.76 %
14 10 6
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
13 11 8
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,500 1,150 800
02505007501,0001,25003876114152190 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.010.030.040.050.070100200 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.010.030.040.050.07-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 49.45 %
30.75 %
Landing
Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn.
Height
62.02 %
Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
48.8 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
77.92 %
11 6.5 2
G
51.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
100 85 70
Pitch °
Info
7 -0.5 -8
Descent Rate fpm
Info
281 -660 -1,600
07515022530037545052560067575001429435872 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
62.61 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 197 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 74 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -200 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 41.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
84.19 %
Touchdown rate was fair at -200 ft/m.
Speed
25.7 %
Touchdown speed at 74 kt was excessively fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
81.37 %
Touchdown point was 197 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
0 %
Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 41.7 m from centreline.
Bank
98.39 %
Bank angle 1.3 °
G
100 %
G 1.07 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
55 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 919 m, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 39.6 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 919 m using 43.26 % of runway
Alignment
0 %
Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 39.6 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
72 51 30
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
0200400600800 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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