Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Ease the nose up sooner to lift off at 60 kt instead of letting speed build on the ground.
What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 75 kt, 15 kt above the target liftoff speed.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 60 kt at liftoff
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.
What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 548 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 375 fpm.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
Taxi out
The roll
The nose wandered in the climb
From 35 ft to the end of the climb the nose moved between 3.2° and 9.3°, and the speed between 80 kt and 92 kt.
Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,197 m runway.
Rolled from 56 m in, drifted 2.7 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 12 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 424 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,571 m of runway left; then climbing at 790 fpm on average to 424 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: left of the centreline all the way, high until 2.3 nm and fast until 1.0 nm.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 3.3 nm, where the final began, to 2.3 nm (up to 880 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 1,463 m left of the centreline at 3.3 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 3.3 nm, where the final began, to 1.3 nm, then fast to 1.0 nm (up to +20 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare mostly held the target profile
The flare was pumped rather than held: pitch changed direction 10 times on the way down. Touchdown was 417 m past the threshold. One smooth continuous input - chasing the runway with the elevator makes the next correction bigger, not smaller.
Touchdown
Rollout
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 54 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft; ballooned 3 ft from 7 ft. Touched down 417 m in, 113 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 200 fpm before coming down at 380 fpm to touch. The nose came up 2.6° on the way down. Into the flare at 57 kt, on the 58 kt approach speed, and 46 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,827 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 11 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 2.3 m left by the end of the rollout. 3 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 46 kt. Touched down with the nose 6° right of the track, away from the wind, 6.1° of bank.
Wind 269° at 8 kt · 7 kt head · 3 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 417 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 375 fpm arrival was firm.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 48 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 172 departed from runway 25R at KDAB Daytona Beach International Airport, using a takeoff roll of 443 m which represented 14 % of the available runway. Liftoff was achieved at 75 kt. Ambient conditions were 16 °C with a wind from 270° at 8 kt, including a 3 kt cross-component and a 7 kt headwind component.
During the first climb segment the aircraft climbed overhead KDAB from 486 ft asl to 1,053 ft asl, gaining 567 ft in 1 minute while covering 2 nm.
The initial cruise phase began over KDAB and persisted for 3 minutes, during which the airplane travelled 5 nm at level altitude.
A second climb followed, again commencing over KDAB, with altitude increasing from 1,003 ft asl to 2,005 ft asl. The climb added 1,002 ft in 2 minutes and spanned 2 nm.
The subsequent cruise segment started 2 mi southwest of KDAB, lasted 7 minutes and covered 11 nm before the descent began.
For the final approach to runway 30 at KDED Deland Municipal Sidney H Taylor Field, the aircraft descended from 1,939 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 181 seconds and was recorded as having scored on the stabilisation gates.
Landing on runway 30 at KDED was completed with a runway length of 1,827 m. The threshold speed was 61 kt, touchdown occurred 411 m down the runway at 46 kt, and the vertical speed at touchdown was minus 232 fpm. The touchdown point was 11.7 m off the centreline. Local weather was 15 °C with a wind from 269° at 8 kt, including a 3 kt crosswind and a 7 kt headwind. Total landing distance was 667 m, representing 36 % of the runway.
Runway rollout was noted as slightly misaligned, with the aircraft ending 11.2 m from the centreline.
In total the flight covered 24 nm, required 16 minutes of flight time, and consumed 9 kg of fuel.
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