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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 166 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 42 kt fast at 208 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 166 kt in the climb
Arrival
Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 130 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 121 kt, 9 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 130 kt at the threshold.
Speed at this height is usually bought with gradient. It's rarely dangerous and it's often just an early acceleration, but with flaps still out you may be heading towards the flap limit and a flat fast climb puts you at the acceleration altitude with the cleaning-up still to do.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 146 kt, 3 kt above the 143 kt target, and lifted off at 160 kt 3.9 s later, the nose coming up at 2.2° a second. Climb 3 averaged 208 kt, 42 kt over its 166 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 930 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 381 m of runway left; gear up at 38 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,240 fpm on average to 930 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,343 m runway.
Rolled from 1,772 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 6 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.7 m left, in 5 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 79 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3°.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.8 nm, about 320 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
High from 3.2 nm, where the final began, to 1.3 nm (up to 740 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 422 m right of the centreline at 3.2 nm, then inside the band from 2.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 3.2 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm, then slow to 0.8 nm (up to −11 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
5 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 118 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° into wind, wings level.
Wind 179° at 8 kt · 5 kt tail · 5 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 124 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 35 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 35 ft, 17 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 35 ft, 15 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 251 m in, 54 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 600 fpm at the flare to 200 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,343 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.4 m left of the centreline and drifted to 8.4 m right on the rollout, back to 0.7 m left by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 251 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The CRJ900 departed from runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport. Takeoff used 2,620 m of runway, 78 % of its length, and rotation occurred at 146 kt. Local weather at departure was 18 °C with wind 5 kt from 140°, a 5 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft AGL took 23 seconds, averaging 1,889 fpm and reaching 204 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1,642 ft ASL to 3,145 ft ASL in 1 minute while covering 3 nm, starting about 1 mile north of CYYZ.
During descent the aircraft went from 3,144 ft ASL to 2,036 ft ASL in 4 minutes, covering 10 nm and beginning 3 miles west of Humber Summit.
On final approach to runway 05 at CYYZ, descent was from 1,772 ft AGL to 47 ft AGL in 81 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, centreline, speed and wings level; the glideslope check was not met. The aircraft was in final flap position 5 at 1,299 ft AGL with a speed of 151 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 05, whose length is 3,343 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was slightly below target at 121 kt. The flare was described as perfect, with little round-out. Touchdown was at 118 kt, 251 m from the threshold, with a rate of -205 fpm and very good alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,316 m, 39 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 12.3 m.
Local weather at landing was 15 °C with wind 7 kt from 180°, a 5 kt cross-wind and a 5 kt tailwind. After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The entire flight covered 20 nm in 8 minutes and used 246 kg of fuel.
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