Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Adjust heading with coordinated aileron and rudder to bring the crosswind track back toward -10° of runway heading.
What happened: On the crosswind leg the heading drifted to -10° from the runway track.
Watch for: Heading indicator against the runway track, holding within the target heading band.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 56 kt, on the 56 kt target, and lifted off at 66 kt 3.8 s later, the nose coming up at 1.6° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 562 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 631 m of runway left; then climbing at 720 fpm on average to 562 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,452 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 2.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.6 m right. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.9 nm out at 93 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Off heading: 10° from the leg's heading on average.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.0 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.0 nm, never more than 56 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 1.0 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm (up to +22 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,452 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 30 ft, 123 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 11 ft, 39 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 205 m in, 100 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,452 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 440 fpm at the flare to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,452 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 205 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Skyhawk departed from runway 10 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. Takeoff used 514 m, 35 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 56 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 20 °C with wind 0 kt from 225°, crosswind 0 kt and headwind 0 kt.
Initial climb to 400 ft AGL took 45 seconds, averaging 621 fpm and reaching 79 kt at the top of the climb.
The aircraft entered a left-hand circuit for runway 10. The downwind leg was 2 nm and was flown in 83 seconds at 1,000 ft AGL. The base leg was less than 1 nm and was completed in 31 seconds.
On final approach to runway 10, the threshold speed was 59 kt, described as good. The flare was perfect. Touchdown occurred at 49 kt, with a rate of -39 fpm, and the alignment on touchdown was very good. No bounce was observed. Touchdown distance was 205 m, noted as good, and the total landing distance was 485 m, 33 % of the runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
The flight covered 7 nm in 5 minutes and consumed 1 kg of fuel.
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