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LIMJ
Genova (GE), Italy
Runway 28
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight63,674 kg
Fuel6,375 kg
Wind130° · 1 kn

Flight Score

99.82 %
EDSB
Rheinmünster, Germany
Runway 21
Elevation404 ft asl
Weight60,615 kg
Fuel3,191 kg
Wind359° · 1 kn
1 Sep 2026 1:15 377 nm Airbus A320ceo 3,184 kg
Departure Score
99.57 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.90 %

What went well

Touched down at -123 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 261 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 32 ft and 135 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Rotation speed was 129 kt at 89 %, −0.14 points

Next time

Departure

Hold the nose down until the speed reaches 148 kt, then rotate.

What happened: You started the rotation at 129 kt, 19 kt before the 148 kt rotation speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 148 kt at rotation

See Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.4 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 7 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 28 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport, Average speed was 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 5 kt 5 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Departure Roll 97.86Departure roll runway 28 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport. Takeoff distance 1,258 m 46 % of runway. Rotation speed was 129 kt. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 1 kt at 130 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,258 m46 % of runway
89 % Rotation speed was 129 ktTarget 148 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.51 m left1.51 m left to 0.00 m left 0.30 0.58 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.94 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 9.3 ° 0.6 9.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.5 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 148 kt145 kt min to max 150 kt 145 150 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.96 g min to max 1.17 g 0.96 1.17 g
Info Average VSI 512 fpm109 fpm min to max 1,065 fpm 109 1,065 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.2 °10.1 ° min to max 17.1 ° 10.1 17.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 56 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 56 ft agl · 153 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 151 kt151 kt min to max 153 kt 151 153 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.94 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 1,601 fpm1,102 fpm min to max 2,357 fpm 1,102 2,308 fpm
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl26 ft agl min to max 336 ft agl 26 336 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 17.4 °16.3 ° min to max 17.8 ° 17.2 16.3 °
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 157 kt154 kt min to max 160 ktTarget 164 kt, 7 kt slow 154 160 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.2 ° min to max 15.3 ° 0.6 15.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.92 g min to max 0.99 g 0.97 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 23 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Info Average VSI 2,362 fpm2,298 fpm min to max 2,448 fpm 2,307 2,298 fpm
Info Average altitude 638 ft agl372 ft agl min to max 915 ft agl 372 915 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.9 °15.3 ° min to max 16.8 ° 16.6 15.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport Genova (GE) (Liguria, Italy). Climbing from 980 ft asl to 34,003 ft asl, an increase of 33,023 ft in 22 minutes and covering 141 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 244 kt160 kt min to max 340 kt 160 236 kt
100 % Average bank angle 15.9 °0.0 ° min to max 30.2 ° 15.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.85 g min to max 1.18 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,599 fpm-38 fpm min to max 4,622 fpm 2,319 6 fpm
Info Average altitude 18,074 ft asl980 ft asl min to max 34,010 ft asl 980 34,003 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °1.7 ° min to max 16.1 ° 15.4 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,521 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,848 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 12,482 ft agl · 236 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Solto Collina (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 74 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,200 ft of 33,998 ft asl33,964 ft asl min to max 34,020 ft asl 34,007 34,010 ft asl
100 % Average speed 248 kt235 kt min to max 270 kt 236 269 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.9 2.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles south west of Elm (Kanton Glarus, Switzerland). Descent from 34,010 ft asl to 20,007 ft asl, a decrease of 14,003 ft in 7 minutes and covering 50 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 284 kt269 kt min to max 290 kt 269 290 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,904 fpm-3,694 fpm min to max 49 fpm 17 49 fpm
Info Average altitude 27,361 ft asl19,982 ft asl min to max 34,010 ft asl 34,010 20,007 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.6 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.6 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Wil (Kanton Zurich, Switzerland) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 34 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,500 ft of 20,009 ft asl20,007 ft asl min to max 20,013 ft asl 20,008 20,008 ft asl
100 % Average speed 290 kt290 kt min to max 291 kt 290 290 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 10.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.6 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.7 1.7 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Schonach im Schwarzwald (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 20,011 ft asl to 5,401 ft asl, a decrease of 14,610 ft in 9 minutes and covering 48 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 255 kt209 kt min to max 304 kt 291 224 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.5 °0.0 ° min to max 16.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.30 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -1,913 fpm-4,305 fpm min to max 8 fpm -14 -1,132 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,326 ft asl5,401 ft asl min to max 20,014 ft asl 20,011 5,401 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-4.6 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.8 2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 11,085 ft agl · 364 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,896 ft agl · 251 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Bietigheim (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±765 ft of 4,877 ft asl4,842 ft asl min to max 5,303 ft asl 5,303 4,846 ft asl
100 % Average speed 193 kt192 kt min to max 214 kt 214 193 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.6 ° 0.3 14.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °1.5 ° min to max 5.0 ° 4.2 2.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 4,800 ft agl · 216 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4,745 ft agl · 214 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 4,785 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4,670 ft agl · 210 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Rheinstetten (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 4,845 ft asl to 1,704 ft asl, a decrease of 3,141 ft in 3 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 173 kt142 kt min to max 194 kt 193 142 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.0 ° min to max 16.8 ° 14.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -698 fpm-1,081 fpm min to max 11 fpm -8 -780 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,147 ft asl1,704 ft asl min to max 4,846 ft asl 4,845 1,704 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.7 ° 2.7 5.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 21 at EDSB Karlsruhe Baden-Baden Airport. Descent from 1,338 ft agl to 60 ft agl in 98 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 729 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 689 ft agl · 142 kt
Arrival Landing 99.51Landing on runway 21 at EDSB Karlsruhe Baden-Baden Airport, runway length 2,740 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 136 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 136 kt. Target 134 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
98 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 2.16 m right0.50 m right to 2.16 m right -0.50 -2.16 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.01 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.10 g
Info Average speed 133 kt130 kt min to max 136 kt 136 130 kt
Info Average VSI -664 fpm-803 fpm min to max -374 fpm -803 -374 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-11 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 32 -11 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °2.8 ° min to max 7.5 ° 2.8 7.5 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 261 m. Touchdown speed at 130 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -123 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 0 kt at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -123 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 261 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 130 ktTarget below 127 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.33 m right2.27 m right -2.16 -2.33 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.09 g min to max 1.17 g 1.10 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 129 kt129 kt min to max 130 kt 130 129 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °7.5 ° min to max 7.8 ° 7.5 7.8 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,617 m, 59 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,617 m59 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.58 m right0.00 m left to 2.58 m right -1.43 -1.08 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.01 g
Info Average speed 116 kt67 kt min to max 131 kt 131 67 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.8 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 30 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 30 kt10 kt min to max 65 kt 65 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.5 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 10 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 4 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 129 kt, 19 kt below the 148 kt target, and lifted off at 144 kt 5.3 s later, the nose coming up at 1.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 157 kt, 7 kt under its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 14810.1° off · 1.8°/s18° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 5 kt 0.6° 0 s
80 kt347 m 80 kt 0.2° 14.0 s
Rotate1,056 m · target 148 129 kt 0.4° 26.5 s
Liftoff1,441 m · +15 kt from rotation 144 kt 10.1° 31.8 s
Gear up1,730 m · 23 ft · full marks to 400 ft 150 kt 17.0° 35.4 s
35 ft1,785 m · 4.2 s after liftoff 151 kt 17.5° 36.0 s
Climb 32,543 m · 373 ft to 916 ft · target 164 157 kt avg 16.6° 45.9 s
End of Climb 33,714 m · 916 ft 160 kt 15.3° 59.4 s

Takeoff from LIMJ 28

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,258m46 %
Rotation speed89.29
129kttarget 148, 19 slow
Liftoff speed
144kt
Runway alignment100.00
1.51m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
23ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
157kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
512fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 916 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,136 m of runway left; gear up at 23 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,990 fpm on average to 916 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3157 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 129 kttarget 148Liftoff 144 ktGear up 23 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,757 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 1.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 0.9 m left. Airborne 46 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.67 m LAirborne 1,278 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,278 m of 2,757 m · 46 %
Takeoff roll, 1,278 m Left ahead, 1,479 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate760 fpm140 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.3°
On centreline0.0° off0.0° off
On speed+5.2 kt+1.6 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDSB 21

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3116843972141,000 ft gate7 of 71,051 ft · 139 kt500 ft gate7 of 7574 ft · 136 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 7 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m L1 m L6 m R1 m R1 m L0 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +10 kt on the approach speed of 134 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 134+10 kt+5 kt+3 kt+2 kt+2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDSB 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
32ft
Threshold speed100.00
135kttarget 134, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
2.16m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
261m
Centreline100.00
2.33m R
Speed100.00
129kttarget 127, 2 fast
Touchdown rate100.00
-123fpm
Impact100.00
1.17G
BouncesOk
None
The flare98.06

Excellent landing flare. It lost 1.9 points, for touching down 7.3° above the aircraft's ground attitude.

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 132 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 38 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,423 m30 kt · 1,631 mtouchdown1,696 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,699 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 32 ft, 18 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft. Touched down 261 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,699 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

32 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 21 ft · −744 fpm · 3.8° · 134 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −130 fpm · 7.5°−122 fpm · 7.5° nose up · 130 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 32 ft, down at 261 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 740 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−122 fpm at touchdown7.5° at touchdown, +3.7° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,699 m of the 2,740 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.3 m right of the centreline, and stayed within 2.5 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 261 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 261 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,577 m of 2,740 m · 58 %
In the air over the runway, 261 mRollout, 1,316 m Left over, 1,163 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,316m57 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.58m R

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to the departure runway in 6 minutes, covering approximately 1 nm.

The aircraft departed runway 28 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport, using a take-off roll of 1,258 m (46 % of the runway) and lifting off at 145 kt. Ambient conditions were 28 °C with a 1 kt wind from 130°, no cross-wind and a 1 kt tail-wind component.

Climb commenced 1 mile west of LIMJ, where the flight rose from 980 ft asl to 34,003 ft asl, an altitude gain of 33,023 ft achieved in 22 minutes while covering 141 nm.

The first cruise segment began overhead Solto Collina in Lombardia, lasting 11 minutes and extending for 74 nm.

Descent 1 started 3 miles south-west of Elm in Switzerland, descending from 34,010 ft asl to 20,007 ft asl-a loss of 14,003 ft-in 7 minutes and traversing 50 nm.

A second cruise phase was flown over Wil, Kanton Zurich, lasting 5 minutes and covering 34 nm.

Descent 2 commenced over Schonach im Schwarzwald, Germany, with the aircraft dropping from 20,011 ft asl to 5,401 ft asl, a decrease of 14,610 ft, in 9 minutes while covering 48 nm.

The third cruise segment occurred 1 mile south-east of Bietigheim, lasting 3 minutes and spanning 11 nm.

Descent 3 began 1 mile north of Rheinstetten, Germany, where altitude fell from 4,845 ft asl to 1,704 ft asl, a reduction of 3,141 ft, in 3 minutes over a distance of 11 nm.

For the final approach the aircraft aligned with runway 21 at EDSB Karlsruhe Baden-Baden Airport from the north-east, tracking a heading of 212.0° at 4 nm and 1,288 ft agl.

Landing was executed on runway 21 (length 2,740 m). The threshold speed was 136 kt, touchdown occurred 259 m down the runway at 130 kt, and the aircraft settled with a firm rate of minus 374 fpm. The total landing distance recorded was 1,617 m (59 % of the runway) and alignment was described as very good.

Runway rollout alignment was noted as perfect as the aircraft decelerated to a stop.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking stand in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 377 nm, required 75 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 3,184 kg of fuel.

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