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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.
What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 39 ft off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.
See Departure Roll
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 27 stages, 25 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 164 kt, 20 kt above the 144 kt target, and lifted off at 167 kt 1.2 s later, the nose coming up at 3.5° a second. Climb 3 averaged 175 kt, 29 kt under its 204 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 824 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 3,129 ft of runway left; gear up at 591 ft, inside the 698 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,320 fpm on average to 824 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 10,565 ft runway.
Rolled from 438 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 37 ft at the widest, and lifted off 25 ft left. Airborne 61 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 0.9 nm, then not again: fast from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 20 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 24× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 50 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.9 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +69 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. Pitch was -2.7° at touchdown, at or below this aircraft's ground attitude, so the nosewheel met the runway with the main wheels or before them. Touchdown was 654 ft past the threshold. Keep raising the nose through the flare so the main wheels touch first.
4 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 192 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, 3° of bank.
Wind 301° at 12 kt · 11 kt tail · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 194 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 28 s, an average deceleration of 0.30 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 4 ft. Touched down 654 ft in, 346 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 1,020 fpm and 1,120 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 7,338 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 33 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 33 ft left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 654 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 2.49 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 777-300ER taxied from the parking area for 8 minutes, covering 1 nm, and departed runway 07L at PANC Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. Takeoff used 6,518 ft of runway (62 % of runway). Rotation occurred at 164 kt. Local weather was 37 °F, wind 1 kt from 011°, crosswind 1 kt, headwind 0 kt.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 19 seconds, averaging 2,111 fpm and reaching 176 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,064 ft asl to 25,797 ft asl in 21 minutes, covering 140 nm, beginning 1 mile south-east of LHD Lake Hood Anchorage, with a brief level-off at 25,400 ft asl.
Level flight was held at 26,600 ft asl for 12 minutes, covering 95 nm, starting 17 miles south of PACV Merle K Smith Airport Cordova. A further climb from 27,239 ft asl to 36,868 ft asl lasted 16 minutes, covering 129 nm, beginning 39 miles south of PACY Yakataga Airport Yakataga.
Cruise level was 37,000 ft asl for 62 minutes, covering 496 nm, starting 55 miles south of AK76 East Alsek River Airport Yakutat.
Descent from 36,239 ft asl to 11,996 ft asl took 22 minutes, covering 162 nm, beginning 28 miles north-west of CAH2 Ocean Falls Seaplane Base Ocean Falls. Level flight at 12,000 ft asl lasted 8 minutes, covering 33 nm, starting 15 miles north of CAK6 Camp Cordero Seaplane Base Campbell River.
A further descent from 11,719 ft asl to 11,125 ft asl took 2 minutes, covering 7 nm, beginning 9 miles south-east of CQRA Quatam River. Level flight at 11,900 ft asl lasted 6 minutes, covering 35 nm, starting 14 miles north-east of CAV7 Mansons Landing Seaplane Base Campbell River.
Descent from 11,472 ft asl to 8,411 ft asl took 5 minutes, covering 27 nm, beginning 20 miles north of CAG8 Pender Harbour Seaplane Base Sunshine Coast. Level flight at 8,300 ft asl lasted 6 minutes, covering 25 nm, starting 4 miles west of Squamish.
The final descent from 8,336 ft asl to 1,137 ft asl lasted 12 minutes, covering 36 nm, beginning 3 miles south-east of Gibsons, with a brief level-off at 7,500 ft asl.
On final approach to runway 13 at CYVR Vancouver International Airport, the aircraft descended from 1,158 ft agl to -137 ft agl in 95 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, and wings level; speed was not met at one gate. Configuration was landing gear down at 4,366 ft agl, 152 kt; final flap position 6 at 5,111 ft agl, 156 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 13 (runway length 7,338 ft). Threshold height was good; threshold speed was 197 kt. The flare was very poor, starting late. Touchdown distance was 654 ft; touchdown speed was 192 kt, described as excessively fast. Touchdown rate was -1,126 fpm, very heavy. The touchdown point was misaligned by 40 ft from centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 3,495 ft (48 % of runway). Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 37 ft from centreline.
Local weather at Vancouver was 55 °F, wind 5 kt from 275°, crosswind 4 kt, tailwind 3 kt. After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking for 5 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The flight covered 1,194 nm in 186 minutes and used 43,913 lbs of fuel.
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