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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Avoid steep turns at low altitude
Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 61 kt with 3.1° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 473 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 152 m of runway left; then climbing at 800 fpm on average to 473 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 638 m runway.
Rolled from 178 m in, never more than 0.7 m off the centreline. Airborne 38 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.2 nm (up to 230 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 482 m right of the centreline at 0.8 nm, then inside the band from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 60 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
8 kt across from the left, which takes about 8° of crab to hold the centreline at 59 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, away from the wind, 3° of bank.
Wind 331° at 6 kt · 0 kt head · 8 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 927 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 15 ft, 35 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 166 m in, 139 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 927 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 730 fpm at 14 ft to 200 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 927 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.7 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 166 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.43 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 26 at 11S Sekiu Airport, where the aircraft, a Cessna 182T Skylane, took off with a takeoff distance of 119 meters, which accounted for 19% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 62 knots. At the time of departure, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 6 knots from a direction of 331 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 4 knots.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it reached an altitude of 8,396 feet above sea level, an increase of 7,541 feet from the initial altitude of 856 feet. This climb took place over a distance of 16 nautical miles and was completed in 9 minutes. The enroute climb started overhead 11S Sekiu Airport, and the aircraft then transitioned into a level cruise.
The level cruise phase of the flight lasted for 142 minutes and covered a distance of 342 nautical miles. During this period, the aircraft flew 6 miles north of KUIL Quillayute Airport, Quillayute, Washington. Following the level cruise, the aircraft began its descent, which started 3 miles southwest of Redwood, Oregon. The descent from 8,774 feet to 7,026 feet took place over a distance of 9 nautical miles and was completed in 3 minutes.
The aircraft then entered another level cruise phase, which started 5 miles southeast of 5OR0 Backachers Ranch Airport, Selma, Oregon. This phase lasted for 5 minutes and covered a distance of 13 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its descent once again, this time from 6,079 feet to 4,051 feet, over a distance of 8 nautical miles and in 3 minutes.
The aircraft then climbed from 4,041 feet to 4,579 feet, an increase of 538 feet, over a distance of 3 nautical miles and in 2 minutes. This climb started 7 miles northwest of Happy Camp, California. Following the climb, the aircraft began its final descent, which started 4 miles northwest of 36S Happy Camp, Happy Camp, California. The descent from 4,577 feet to 1,343 feet took place over a distance of 5 nautical miles and was completed in 4 minutes.
The final approach to runway 04 at 36S Happy Camp was made from the southwest, with the aircraft heading 59.0 degrees at an altitude of 122 feet above ground level. The landing was made on runway 04, which had a length of 927 meters. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was well above the target speed of 70 knots.
The touchdown distance was good at 164 meters, but the touchdown speed of 59 knots was a little fast. The touchdown rate was good at -200 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 6 knots from a direction of 331 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 0 knots.
The total landing distance was 393 meters, which accounted for 42% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was perfect. The total flight distance was 397 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 165 minutes. The aircraft used 117 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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