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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Maintain the centreline
See Departure Roll
A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 62 kt with 1.7° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 143 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,591 ft of runway left; then climbing at 230 fpm on average to 143 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,458 ft runway.
Rolled from 512 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 17 ft at the widest, and lifted off 12 ft left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 190 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 1,600 ft right of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside the band from 0.8 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −6 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
3 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 46 kt. Touched down with the nose 5° into wind, wings level.
Wind 340° at 11 kt · 10 kt head · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 42 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 3,852 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 27 ft, 23 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,654 ft in, 654 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,852 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 220 fpm at 26 ft to 50 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.3° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 3,852 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 20 ft right of the centreline and drifted to 41 ft left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 1,654 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 21 at 42U Morgan Co. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, required a takeoff distance of 807 feet, which was 23% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 62 knots. At the time of departure, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 90 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 8 knots from 279 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 5 knots.
The enroute level cruise started overhead Mountain Green, Utah, and lasted for just 1 minute, covering less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then began an enroute climb from 5,442 feet above sea level to 6,719 feet, an increase of 1,278 feet in 3 minutes, covering 5 nautical miles. This climb phase was also initiated overhead Mountain Green.
Following the climb, the aircraft entered another enroute level cruise, this time starting 1 mile southeast of Uintah, Utah, and lasting 3 minutes, covering 6 nautical miles. The next phase of the flight was an enroute descent from 7,475 feet above sea level to 6,164 feet, a decrease of 1,310 feet in 3 minutes, covering 7 nautical miles. This descent was initiated overhead Fruit Heights, Utah.
The aircraft then entered another enroute level cruise, starting overhead Centerville, Utah, and lasting 3 minutes, covering 5 nautical miles. The next phase of the flight was an enroute descent from 5,605 feet above sea level to 4,577 feet, a decrease of 1,028 feet in 2 minutes, covering 2 nautical miles. This descent was initiated 1 mile east of North Salt Lake, Utah.
The final approach to runway 35 at KBTF Skypark Airport was made from the south, heading 359.0 degrees at 1 nautical mile and 336 feet above ground level. The landing was executed on runway 35, which had a length of 3,852 feet. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was slightly below the target at 60 knots.
The touchdown point was 191 feet beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was 46 knots, which was good. The touchdown rate was perfect at -46 feet per minute. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 20 feet from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 97 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 11 knots from 340 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 4 knots and a headwind of 10 knots.
The total landing distance was 2,213 feet, which was 57% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was very good. Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 26 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 19 minutes. The aircraft used 11 pounds of fuel during the flight.
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