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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,063 kg
Fuel207 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.93 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,063 kg
Fuel209 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
29 Dec 2025 0:06 8 nm PA28 Arrow III
Departure Score
95.40 %
Pattern Score
95.40 %
Arrival Score
100.00 %

What went well

Touched down at -76 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 458 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 28 ft and 81 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 2 — scored 90.00 %, −1.11 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 68.5 ° at 26 %, −1.06 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 58.3 ° at 67 %, −0.47 points

Next time

Departure

Ease the nose up sooner to lift off at 70 kt instead of letting speed build on the ground.

What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 83 kt, 13 kt above the target liftoff speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 70 kt at liftoff

See Departure Roll

A good takeoff has a defined shape. It also has a defined end. For an airliner that's thrust reduction and acceleration, commonly somewhere around 1,000 to 1,500 ft above the airfield depending on the operator, while for a light aircraft it's established at Vy with the flaps on schedule. Most simmers have no defined end to their takeoff, which is exactly why it never gets judged.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 96.30Departure roll runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Takeoff distance 1,240 m 68 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 83 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,240 m68 % of runway
82 % Liftoff speed was 83 ktTarget 70 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.55 m left1.55 m left to 0.19 m right -0.19 1.55 m
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.01 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.8 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.8 3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.7 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl · 80 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.89Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt84 kt min to max 92 kt 84 92 kt
99.6 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.7 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.09 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 414 fpm316 fpm min to max 646 fpm 316 646 fpm
Info Average altitude 25 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 55 ft agl 2 55 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °3.3 ° min to max 6.8 ° 3.3 6.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 21 ft agl · 89 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kt83 kt min to max 93 kt 92 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.6 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,001 fpm654 fpm min to max 1,705 fpm 654 1,061 fpm
Info Average altitude 205 ft agl56 ft agl min to max 680 ft agl 56 680 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °6.8 ° min to max 13.0 ° 6.8 8.7 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 23 EGPE Inverness Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kt88 kt min to max 95 kt 88 95 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.6 °6.5 ° min to max 21.4 ° 6.5 19.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 749 fpm375 fpm min to max 1,058 fpm 1,058 375 fpm
Info Average altitude 853 ft agl701 ft agl min to max 956 ft agl 701 956 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °3.7 ° min to max 8.6 ° 8.6 3.7 °
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 23 EGPE Inverness Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.5 °-11.4 ° min to max 13.4 ° 13.4 -11.4 °
100 % Average speed 102 kt96 kt min to max 104 kt 96 104 kt
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 203 fpm116 fpm min to max 334 fpm 334 180 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,000 ft agl961 ft agl min to max 1,036 ft agl 961 1,036 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 7.2 °0.0 ° min to max 17.8 ° 17.8 17.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.4 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.1 0.4 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 90.04Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 58.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
67 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 58.3 °.
100 % Average speed 109 kt104 kt min to max 115 kt 104 115 kt
100 % Average bank angle 15.3 °6.8 ° min to max 18.8 ° 18.7 6.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -63 fpm-261 fpm min to max 155 fpm 155 -106 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,032 ft agl1,007 ft agl min to max 1,050 ft agl 1,038 1,007 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-1.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 -1.2 °
Pattern Downwind 100.00Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 54 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 2.3 °-13.9 ° min to max 6.5 ° 6.5 -13.9 °
100 % Average altitude 994 ft agl950 ft agl min to max 1,015 ft agl 1,005 950 ft agl
100 % Average speed 106 kt94 kt min to max 116 kt 115 94 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -58 fpm-229 fpm min to max 171 fpm -99 -146 fpm
Info Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 16.3 ° 3.2 16.3 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.8 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 724 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 766 ft agl · 107 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 77.78Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 68.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
26 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 68.5 °.
100 % Average speed 95 kt94 kt min to max 97 kt 94 95 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.2 °6.4 ° min to max 17.2 ° 17.1 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -456 fpm-728 fpm min to max -170 fpm -170 -728 fpm
Info Average altitude 888 ft agl808 ft agl min to max 947 ft agl 947 808 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-5.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -5.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 746 ft agl · 98 kt
Pattern Base Leg 100.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 4.9 °-12.1 ° min to max 12.9 ° 12.9 -12.1 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt82 kt min to max 95 kt 95 82 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average altitude 548 ft agl346 ft agl min to max 794 ft agl 794 346 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 12.7 ° 4.7 12.7 °
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-6.5 ° min to max -1.3 ° -5.8 -3.1 °
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 24 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 84 kt83 kt min to max 85 kt 83 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.4 °0.5 ° min to max 22.7 ° 13.8 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -532 fpm-725 fpm min to max -329 fpm -678 -418 fpm
Info Average altitude 228 ft agl121 ft agl min to max 334 ft agl 334 121 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-3.6 ° min to max 0.1 ° -2.9 -0.7 °
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 113 ft agl to 25 ft agl. A decrease of 88 ft in 9 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.3 °1.8 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt82 kt min to max 83 kt 83 82 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -519 fpm-554 fpm min to max -438 fpm -438 -495 fpm
Info Average altitude 56 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 113 ft agl 113 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.9 -0.7 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt. Target 71 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.02 m right0.00 m left to 0.02 m right -0.01 -0.01 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 0.95 g
Info Average speed 70 kt58 kt min to max 82 kt 82 58 kt
Info Average VSI -155 fpm-494 fpm min to max 1 fpm -494 -24 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 28 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °-0.7 ° min to max 7.4 ° -0.7 6.9 °
07515022530037545052501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 458 m. Touchdown speed at 58 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -24 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -24 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 458 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 58 ktTarget below 66 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.96 m right0.93 m right -0.96 -0.92 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.05 g 0.95 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 57 kt57 kt min to max 58 kt 58 57 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °6.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 6.9 6.1 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 838 m, 46 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 838 m46 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.55 m right0.00 m left to 1.55 m right -0.90 -1.27 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 50 kt33 kt min to max 55 kt 55 33 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °0.7 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.1 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 25 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 24 kt0 kt min to max 53 kt 28 53 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 0.80 g0.57 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.57 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 32 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 40 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 44 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 48 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 55 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 83 kt with 1.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF1.9° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 79 kt 1.8° 0 s
Liftoff10 m · target 74 83 kt 1.9° 0.2 s
35 ft316 m · 6.9 s after liftoff 91 kt 5.4° 7.2 s
End of the climb1,758 m · 681 ft 88 kt 8.7° 40.4 s

Takeoff from EGPE 23

Takeoff roll100.00
1,240m68 %
Liftoff speed81.51
83kttarget 74, 9 fast
Runway alignment100.00
1.55m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.89
414fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 681 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 325 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,020 fpm on average to 681 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 83 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 1,173 m in, never more than 0.3 m off the centreline. Airborne 65 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %ROLL 1,173 M INAirborne 1,183 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,183 m of 1,814 m · 65 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,173 mTakeoff roll, 10 m Left ahead, 631 m

The circuit to EGPE 23

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.1 nm out at 107 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft21°119°217°323°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
924 ft
Bank
21°
Speed
93 kt

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

2Onto downwind
Bank
19°
Height
994 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
106 kt
Out
1.5 nm 1.1 suits 107 kt

Turn onto downwind: scored 67.

The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
69° target 45°
Bank
17°
Height
950 ft

Early: turned base with the threshold 69° behind, against 45°.

Base. Turn 90 degrees towards the runway when the threshold sits about 45 degrees behind your shoulder. Descend at around 80 kt with second-stage flap. The geometry of that 45-degree cue isn't arbitrary. It produces a base leg long enough to lose roughly 500 ft at about 500 fpm before the final turn. Once you know that's what the cue is for, you can derive your own turn point for any aircraft and any speed.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
23°
Overshoot
20 m none
Speed
84 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind100Turn onto downwind90Downwind100Base turn78Base100Final turn100

The approach to EGPE 23

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.7 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 30 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND227
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 20 m right of the centreline at 0.7 nm, then inside the band from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR293 m L0293 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND16 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 39 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +4 kt and +7 kt on the approach speed of 78 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 78+6 kt+4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
28ft
Threshold speed100.00
81kttarget 78, 3 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
458m
Centreline100.00
0.96m R
Speed100.00
57kttarget 74 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-76fpm
Impact100.00
1.05G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 56 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 18 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 398 mtouchdown414 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 28 ft, 22 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 458 m in, 153 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

28 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −76 fpm · 6.9° nose up · 58 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 28 ft, down at 458 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 530 fpm at 26 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−76 fpm at touchdown6.9° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.1 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 458 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 458 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 822 m of 1,814 m · 45 %
In the air over the runway, 458 mRollout, 364 m Left over, 992 m
Rollout distance100.00
364m45 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.55m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, where the PA28 Arrow III aircraft took off with a takeoff distance of 1,240 meters, which is 68% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 83 knots, and the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 2 knots at 270 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 1 knot and a headwind of 2 knots.

As the aircraft entered the left-hand pattern from runway 23, it covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 20 seconds. The subsequent left-hand pattern crosswind leg was completed in 23 seconds, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The pattern downwind turn was made at an angle of 58.3 degrees to the runway, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles. The downwind leg itself took 54 seconds to complete, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles.

The pattern base leg turn was made at an angle of 68.5 degrees to the runway, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile. The base leg was completed in 40 seconds, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The final turn was made in 24 seconds, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 23 from the north-east, heading 229.0 degrees at an altitude of 113 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 23 was successful, with a touchdown distance of 456 meters, which is well within the runway length of 1,814 meters. The touchdown speed was 58 knots, and the touchdown rate was perfect at -24 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was also perfect. The local weather conditions remained the same, with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 2 knots at 270 degrees.

The total landing distance was 838 meters, which is 46% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was also perfect. The total flight distance was 8 nautical miles, and the flight took 6 minutes to complete. The aircraft used -2 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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